Final Review Flashcards by Laura Kirwan

An axial plane divides the body into _______ and ________ portions.

Dorsal and ventral

Upper and lower

Front and back

Right and left

Upper and lower

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In standard anatomic position, the hands and feet are:

Internally Rotated

Pronated

Dorsaflexed

Forward

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In standard anatomic position, a sagittal plane is oriented:

Horizontally

Obliquely

Vertically

Axially

Vertically

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Define Anterior/Ventral

Towards the front

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Define Superior

Above

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Define Posterior/Dorsal

Towards the back

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Define Medial

Towards the midline

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Define Inferior

Below

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Define Lateral

Away from midline

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Define Proximal

Towards the origin

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Define Deep

Away from skin/surface

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Define Cranial/Cephalic

Towards the head

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Define Caudal

Towards the feet

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Define Distal

Away from the origin

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Define Superficial

Towards the skin/surface

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Define Ipsilateral

On the same side

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Define Plantar

Bottom of foot

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Define Contralateral

On the opposite side

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Define Palmar

Anterior hand

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Define Costal Margin

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Define Symphysis Pubis

Coccyx

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Define Mastoid Tip

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Define Umbilicus

L3/4

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Define Iliac Crest

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Define ASIS

Define Vertabra Prominens

Define Jugular Notch

T2/3

Define Sternal Angle

T4/5

Most of the Stomach is located within which quadrant of the abdomen? RLQ LLQ LUQ RUQ

LUQ

Much of the SB is located within which quadrant of the abdomen? RLQ LLQ LUQ RUQ

LLQ

The appendix is located within which quadrant of the abdomen? RUQ RLQ LLQ LUQ

RLQ

The cecum is located within which quadrant of the abdomen? RUQ LLQ RLQ LUQ

RLQ

The Dorsal cavity is partitioned into what two cavities? (mark all correct) Cranial Pelvis Spinal Mediastinal Abdominal

Cranial Spinal

The elbow is _________ to the shoulder. Deep Superficial Proximal Distal

Distal

The gallbladder is located within which quadrant of the abdomen? LLQ RLQ RUQ LUQ

RUQ

The hepatic flexture of the colon is located within which quadrant of the abdomen? LUQ RUQ RLQ LLQ

RUQ

T/F: The kidneys are oriented deep to the muscles of the abdominal wall.

True

The lungs are located within which body cavity? All of the above Dorsal Mediastinum Pleural

Pleural

The neck is ________ to the chest. Cephalic Inferior Caudal Posterior

Cephalic

The right and left arms would be referred to as: Ipsilateral Lateral Contralateral Medial

Contralateral

The sigmoid colon is located within which quadrant of the abdomen? LLQ RUQ RLQ LUQ

LLQ

The spine is nearest what surface of the body? Dorsal Rostral Ventral Anterior

Dorsal

The spleen is located within which quadrant of the abdomen? RLQ LLQ RUQ LUQ

LUQ

The thoracic cavity is further subdivided into what other body cavities? (choose all correct) Cranial Spinal Pleural Pelvis Mediastinal

Pleural Mediastinal

The thymus is located within which body cavity? Pleural Mediastinum Dorsal All of the above

Mediastinum

The thyroid cartilage is at the level of: C3 C4 C2 C5

The Xiphoid process is at the level of: T12 T10 T9 T11

T10

Which of the following is the largest cavity of the body? Dorsal Mediastinum Cranial Ventral

Ventral

Which of the following organs is not located within the mediastinum? None of the above Thyroid Heart Great Vessels

Thyroid

Which of these structures are contained within the mediastinum? (choose all correct) Thyroid Esophagus Trachea Thymus

Esophagus Trachea Thymus

Which of these structures are contained within the pelvic cavity? (choose all correct) Ovaries Gonads Kidneys Rectum

Ovaries Gonads Rectum

A process of the malar bone joins with which bone of the cranium to form the zygomatic arch? Temporal Parietal Sphenoid Frontal

Temporal

Internal and external protuberances are processes of what cranial bone? Sphenoid Parietal Ethmoid Occipital

Occipital

Structures within which portion of the ear also control equilibrium and balance? External Tympanic portion Middle Inner

Inner

The angle of the mandible is also known as the: Gonion Ramus Alveolar Process Body

Gonion

The bones of the cranium are joined together at immovable joints called: Sinuses Sutures Spines Sphenoid

Sutures

T/F: The boney orbit is formed by several bones including the maxillae, frontal, lacrimal, and ethmoid bones.

True

The chin is also called the: Gonion Ramus Mentum Acanthion

Mentum

The cochlea is found in which portion of the ear? Inner Middle Tympanic portion External

Inner

The cranium is comprised of how many bones? 22 8 14 None of the above

The external and middle ear are separated by the: Eustachian tube Auricle Tympanic membrane EAM

Tympanic membrane

The external walls of the EAM are formed by which portion of the temporal bone? Petrous Squamous Tympanic Mastoid

Tympanic

The foramen ovale provides passage for which of the following? Optic Nerve Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve Maxillary Nerve Middle meningeal artery

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

The foramen rotundum provides passage for which of the following? Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve Maxillary Nerve Middle meningeal artery Optic Nerve

Maxillary Nerve

The foramen spinosum provides passage for which of the following? Maxillary Nerve Optic Nerve Middle meningeal artery Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

Middle meningeal artery

The jugular foramen is formed at the junctions of what two bones? Occipital and temporal Sphenoid and temporal Temporal and sphenoid Temporal and parietal

Occipital and temporal

The largest immovable bones of the face are which of the following? Maxillae Mandible Palatine Zygoma

Maxillae

The mandible and maxillary bones each have which of the following processes? Zygomatic Condylar Alveolar Palatine

Alveolar

The mandibular condyle articulates with which of the following cranial bones? Occipital Frontal Temporal Parietal

Temporal

The mastoid air cells are found in which of the following cranial bones? Temporal Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid

Temporal

The middle and inner ear are formed by which portion of the temporal bones? Squamous Petrous Mastoid Tympanic

Petrous

The most superior point of the junction of what two bones is referred to as the vertex of the skull? Temporal Parietal Sphenoid Frontal

Parietal

The optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery pass through the optic canals in which cranial bone? Parietal Sphenoid Occipital Ethmoid

Sphenoid

The perpendicular plate of what bone forms the superior portion of the nasal septum? Sphenoid Ethmoid Palatine Vomer

Ethmoid

The perpendicular plate articulates with which bone to form the boney nasal septum? Occipital Ethmoid Vomer Sphenoid

Vomer

The posterior portion of the sella turcica is called the: Dorsum Sellae Styloid Process Greater wings Tuberculum Sellae

Dorsum Sellae

The sphenoid sinus is located below which aspect of the sphenoid bone? Optic Canal Sella turcica Lesser wing Greater wing

Sella turcica

The zygomatic process extends from which portion of the temporal bone? Petrous Squamous Tympanic Mastoid

Squamous

What single cranial bone articulated with all other cranial bones? Occipital Ethmoid Parietal Sphenoid

Sphenoid

Which aspect of the ear contains the auditory ausicles? Inner External Middle Auricular portion

Middle

Which boney process within the cranium contains the pituitary gland? Sella Turcica Sphenoid sinus Foramen magnum Dorsum Sellae

Sella Turcica

Which of the following is not a process of the Ethmoid bone? Inferior nasal conchae Superior nasal conchae Middle nasal conchae Cribriform plate

Inferior nasal conchae

Which of the following is a process of the sphenoid bone? (choose all correct) Sella Turcica Tuberculum Sellae Lesser wings Greater wings

All of the above

Which of the following is the largest of the facial bones? Maxilla Frontal Zygoma Mandible

Mandible

Which of the paranasal sinuses is present at birth? Sphenoid Frontal Ethmoid Maxillary

Maxillary

Which of the sinuses is the largest? Frontal Ethmoid Maxillary Sphenoid

Maxillary

Which portion of the temporal bone is considered the thickest boney aspect of the cranium? Tympanic Mastoid Squamous Petrous

Petrous

All of the venous pathways in the brain ultimately drain into which major vessels of the neck? Internal jugular veins Common carotid arteries Internal carotid arteries Vertebral arteries

Internal jugular veins

Blood is supplied to the Circle of Willis by way of which of the following? (mark all correct) Basilar artery Communicating arteries Internal Carotids Cerebral arteries

Basilar artery Internal Carotids

The basilar artery is formed by the union of what two arteries? Communicating arteries Vertebrals Internal carotids Cerebral arteries

Vertebrals

The cerebellum communicates with other aspects of the brain by way of which of the following? All of the above Tentorium Peduncles Vermis

Peduncles

The cerebral aqueduct of the ventricular system is a passage way for: which of the following? CSF Venous blood Arterial blood Myelinated axon bodies

CSF

The cerebrum is connected medially by which of the following structures? Vermis Insula Midbrain Corpus Callosum

Corpus Callosum

The fold of the dura mater extending into the longitudinal fissure is termed the: Falx Cerebelli Inferior Sagittal Sinus Superior Sagittal Sinus Falx Cerebri

Falx Cerebri

The folds of the brain’s surface may be referred to as: Sinuses Fissures Sulci Gyri

Gyri

The lobes of the cerebellum are connected medially by which of the following structures? Vermis Corpus Callosum Insula Midbrain

Vermis

The lobes of the cerebellum are connected medially by way of the: Cerebral Cortex Insula Vermis Corpus Callosum

Vermis

The longitudinal fissure separates which aspects of the brain? Cerebral and Cerebellar Right and Left Cerebral Lobes Temporal and Parietal Lobes Frontal and Parietal

Right and Left Cerebral Lobes

The most posterior aspect of the cerebrum is the: Diencephalon Brainstem Cerebellum Occipital lobe

Occipital lobe

The pineal gland is the most important feature of which aspect of the diencephalon? Hypothalamus Thalamus Pituitary gland Epithalamus

Epithalamus

The pituitary gland is attached by the infundibulum to what other feature of the diencephalon? Thalamus Epithalamus Pituitary gland Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

The pre-central and post-central gyri are adjacent to which fissure of the brain? Longitudinal Fissure Interhemispheric Fissure Lateral Fissure Central Fissure

Central Fissure

The sigmoid sinus is an extension of what vein in the brain? Sigmoid sinus Straight sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Transverse sinus

Transverse sinus

The space outside of the dura mater is termed the: Cisterna magna Subdural space Subarachnoid space Epidural space

Epidural space

The subarachnoid space is between which meninges? Pia and dura Arachnoid and pia Dura and arachnoid

Arachnoid and pia

The subdural space is between which layers of the meninges? Dura and arachnoid Pia and dura Arachnoid and pia

Dura and arachnoid

The superior sagittal sinus continues as what venous pathway in the brain? Inferior sagittal sinus Transverse sinus Straight sinus Sigmoid sinus

Transverse sinus

The trigone is a feature of which CSF reservoir? Lateral ventricles Fourth ventricle Third ventricle Superior Sagittal Sinus

Lateral ventricles

Through which aspect of the brainstem does the cerebral aqueduct transverse? Mid brain Pons None of the above Medulla oblongata

Mid brain

What fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe? Lateral Fissure Rolandic Fissure Longitudinal Fissure Central Fissure

Lateral Fissure

What fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain? Central Fissure Longitudinal Fissure Lateral Fissure Interhemispheric Fissure

Central Fissure

Which aspect of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord? Mid brain None of the above Pons Medulla oblongata

Medulla oblongata

Which aspect of the diencephalon is considered the master endocrine gland? Thalamus Epithalamus Pituitary gland Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Which aspect of the diencephalon helps to form the lateral walls of the third ventricles? Pituitary gland Thalamus Epithalamus Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Which aspect of the ventricular system is positioned between the lobes of the thalamus? Fourth ventricle Lateral ventricles Superior Sagittal Sinus Third ventricle

Third ventricle

Which aspect of the ventricular system is shaped like a diamond? Fourth ventricle Lateral ventricles Superior Sagittal Sinus Third ventricle

Fourth ventricle

Which CSF passage allows for communication between the lateral and third ventricles? Cerebral aqueduct Foramen of Luschka Interventricular foramen Foramen of Magendie

Interventricular foramen

Which fold of the dura mater divides the two lobes of the cerebellum? Falx cerebrum Falx cerebelli Tentorium Diaphragma sellae

Falx cerebelli

Which fold of the dura mater divides the right and left halves of the cerebrum? Diaphragma sellae Tentorium Falx cerebrum Falx cerebelli

Falx cerebrum

Which fold of the dura mater covers the pituitary gland? Falx cerebrum Diaphragma sellae Falx cerebelli Tentorium

Diaphragma sellae

Which fold of the dura mater separates the cerebrum and cerebellum? Tentorium Falx cerebelli Falx cerebrum Diaphragma sellae

Tentorium

Which of the following is the largest aspect of the brain? Cerebrum Diencephalon Brainstem Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Which of the following vessels circulate blood from the Circle of Willis into the brain? Cerebral arteries Basilar artery Internal carotids Communicating arteries

Cerebral arteries

Which of the following arteries circulate blood around the major vessels of the Circle of Willis? Internal carotids Cerebral arteries Communicating arteries Basilar artery

Communicating arteries

Which of the following veins does not directly connect to the Confluence of Sinuses? Straight sinus Sigmoid sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Transverse sinus

Sigmoid sinus

Which of the following is not an aspect of the cerebrum? Insula Cerebral Cortex Corpus Callosum Vermis

Vermis

Which of the following is not composed of white brain matter? Myelinated Axons Cerebral cortex None of the above Corpus Callosum

Cerebral cortex

Which of the following is the most inferior aspect of the brainstem? None of the above Mid brain Pons Medulla oblongata

Medulla oblongata

Which of the following houses most of the thalamus? Mid brain Pons Medulla oblongata None of the above

None of the above

Which of the following allows for CSF communication between the third and fourth ventricles? Foramen of Luschka Cerebral aqueduct Foramen of Magendie Interventricular foramen

Cerebral aqueduct

Which of the following connects the ventricular system to the subarachnoid space? Cerebral aqueduct Interventricular foramen Foramen of Magendie Foramen of Luschka

Foramen of Luschka

Which of the following is the largest aperture connection the 4th ventricle to the basal cisterns and central canal of the spinal cord? Interventricular foramen Foramen of Luschka Cerebral aqueduct Foramen of Magendie

Foramen of Magendie

Which of the following structure is responsible for producing CSF? Ventricles Basal cisterns Choroid plexus Meninges

Choroid plexus

Which of the meninges attaches directly to the surface of the brain? Arachnoid All of the above Pia mater Dura mater

Pia mater

Which portion of the brainstem is identifiable as a prominent bulge near the center of the brain? None of the above Medulla oblongata Pons Mid brain

Pons

Widened areas of the subarachnoid space are referred to as: Meninges Basal cisterns Choroid plexus Ventricles

Basal cisterns

T/F: All vertebrae of the cervical spine share the same characteristic features.

False

An abnormal forward curvature of the thoracic spine is termed: Kyphosis Hypnosis Prognosis Lordosis

Kyphosis

An exaggerated curve of the lumbar spine is termed: Scoliosis Hunchback Kyphosis Lordosis

Lordosis

Costo-vertebral joints are a feature unique to which aspect of the vertebral column? Cervical Lumbar Sacral Thoracic

Thoracic

How many vertebra of the spine are movable? 24 30 23 33

Spinal nerves exit the vertebral column via what feature of the spine? Transverse foramina Spinal canal Vertebral canal Intervertebral foramina

Intervertebral foramina

T/F: The 2nd cervical vertebra has both an anterior arch and a posterior arch.

False

The anterior projections of the gray matter within the spinal cord continue outside of the cord as which of the following? Dorsal nerve roots White matter Ventral nerve roots Ganglia

Ventral nerve roots

The dens is a feature of which cervical vertebra? C7 C1 C2 C6

T/F: The external borders of the spinal cord are composes of white matter.

True

T/F: The fluid-filled outer ring of the intervertebral discs is termed the nucleus pulpous.

False

T/F: The lateral masses of C1 bear the weight of the head.

True

The nerve bundles extending from the distal end of the spinal cord are termed the: Cauda equina Conus medullaris Sella Turcica Medulla oblongata

Cauda equina

The semispinalis muscles belong to which of the following muscle groups? Splenius muscles Transversospinal muscles Psoas muscles Erector spinae muscles

Splenius muscles

The spinal cord continues from what other feature of the CNS? Sella Turcica Conus medullaris Cauda equina Medulla oblongata

Medulla oblongata

The spinal cord ends at the level of which vertebra? C1 S1 T1 L1

The terminal end of the spinal cord is described by which of the following? Sella Turcica Conus medullaris Cauda equina Medulla oblongata

Conus medullaris

The transverse foramina are a pathway for which of the following? Jugular veins Vertebral arteries Spinal cord Spinal nerves

Vertebral arteries

The vertebral column is composed of how many vertebrae? 24 33 23 30

Which of the following aspects of the spine have a normal kyphotic curve? (choose all correct) Lumbar Sacrum Thoracic Cervical

Sacrum Thoracic

Which of the following lacks a typical vertebral body? C1 C7 C2 C6

Which of the following lacks a bifid spinous process? (Choose all correct answers) C7 C1 C6 C2

C7 C1

Which of the following is used a as landmark dividing the abdominal and pelvic cavities? Sacral hiatus Lateral masses Sacral Foramina Sacral promontory

Sacral promontory

Which of the following is also known as the ala? Lateral masses Sacral hiatus Sacral Foramina Sacral promontory

Lateral masses

Which of the following describes the large opening on the inferior aspect of the sacrum? Sacral Foramina Lateral masses Sacral hiatus Sacral promontory

Sacral hiatus

Which of the following is formed within the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae? Sacral hiatus Sacral promontory Lateral masses SI Joint

Lateral masses

Which of the following cavities is not filled by CSF? None of the above Subdural space Subarachnoid space Central canal

Subdural space

Which of the following is a direct extension of the ventricular system of the brain? None of the above Central canal Subdural space Epidural space

Central canal

Which of the following is accessed and injected with contrast for a myelogram? Central canal None of the above Subarachnoid space Subdural space

Subarachnoid space

Which of the following is accessed during an epidural to inject anesthetic agents? Central canal Subarachnoid space Subdural space None of the above

None of the above

Which of the following terms refers to the lateral aspects of the vertebral arch to which the vertebral body attaches? Articular Facets Pedicle Transverse process Lamina

Pedicle

Which of the following muscle groups are the chief extends of the entire spine? Psoas muscles Splenius muscles Transversospinal muscles Erector spinae muscles

Erector spinae muscles

Which of the following muscle groups extend from the cervical vertebrae through the upper thoracic spine? Erector spinae muscles Splenius muscles Psoas muscles Transversospinal muscles

Splenius muscles

Which of the following muscle groups attach between the spinous processes and transverse processes of different vertebrae? Erector spinae muscles Splenius muscles Psoas muscles Transversospinal muscles

Transversospinal muscles

Which of the following terms refers to the most lateral appendages of a typical vertebra? Transverse process Pedicle Articular Facets Lamina

Transverse process

Which of the following terms refers to the most posterior aspect of the neural arch? Articular Facets Transverse process Lamina Pedicle

Lamina

Which of the following is an insertion site for the transversospinal muscles of the vertebral column? Pedicle Articular Facets Transverse process Lamina

Transverse process

Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only cervical vertebrae? Large vertebral bodies Fused transverse processes Transverse foramina Facets and demi-facets

Transverse foramina

Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only thoracic vertebrae? Facets and demi-facets Fused transverse processes Transverse foramina Large vertebral bodies

Facets and demi-facets

Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only lumbar vertebrae? Large vertebral bodies Transverse foramina Facets and demi-facets Fused transverse processes

Large vertebral bodies

Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only sacral vertebrae? Facets and demi-facets Large vertebral bodies Fused transverse processes Transverse foramina

Fused transverse processes

Which vertebral ligament runs along the ventral surface of the vertebral column? Posterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum flavum Anterior longitudinal ligament Interspinous ligament

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Which vertebral ligament attaches between the lamina of adjoining vertebrae? Interspinous ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum flavum Anterior longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum flavum

Which vertebral ligament covers the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies of the spine? Posterior longitudinal ligament Anterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum flavum Interspinous ligament

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Which vertebral ligament can be seen on sagittal imaging extending between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae? Posterior longitudinal ligament Anterior longitudinal ligament Interspinous ligament Ligamentum flavum

Interspinous ligament

A thoracic vertebra may be identified as it has which of the following? Costal facets Large vertebral body All of the above Transverse foramina

Costal facets

The first _______ ribs are considered true ribs. Eight Six Seven Five

Seven

Which of the following statements describes the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs? They are fused together by costal cartilage They do not attach to the sternum They are considered floating ribs All of the above

They are fused together by costal cartilage

Which aspect of the sternum is visualized on an axial image displaying the articulation of the clavicles with the sternum? Manubrium Xiphoid process Any of the above Body

Manubrium

The large projection on the posterior surface of the scapula dividing it into upper and lower fossae is termed the: Coracoid process Scapular spine Glenoid fossa Acromion process

Scapular spine

Which aspect of the scapula articulates which the clavicle? Scapular spine Glenoid fossa Acromion process Coracoid process

Acromion process

Which aspect of the scapula articulates with the humeral head? Coracoid process Acromion process Glenoid fossa Scapular spine

Glenoid fossa

Which of the following terms describes the posterior-lateral beaklike projection of the scapulae? Coracoid process Glenoid fossa Scapular spine Acromion process

Coracoid process

Posteriorly the trachea is in contact with which structure of the mediastinum? Thyroid tissue Carotid arteries Larynx Esophagus

Esophagus

Anteriorly, the trachea is covered by which of the following structures? Carotid arteries Esophagus Larynx Thyroid tissue

Thyroid tissue

The trachea begins at what level of the spine? T6 T12 C6 T1

Which primary bronchus is longer? Left Right

Left

Which primary bronchus has a greater diameter? Left Right

Right

Which primary bronchus divides into three braches? Left Right

Right

Which primary bronchus has an eparterial branch? Right Left

Right

Which primary bronchus is directed more inferiorly than laterally? Right Left

Right

The superior aspect of the lungs are grossly termed the: Diaphragmatic surface Mediastinal surface Base Apex

Apex

The most lateral aspect of the lung base may be described as which of the following? Lung root Costo-phrenic angles Hilum Costal surface

Costo-phrenic angles

The most medial aspect of the lungs’ surface is termed the: (choose all correct) Costo-phrenic angles Lung root Hilum Costal surface

Lung root Hilum

Which of the following terms are essentially synonymous? (choose all correct) Costal surface Lung root Hilum Costo-phrenic angles

Lung root Hilum

Which lobe of the left lung comprises most of that lungs anterior surface? Superior Middle Any of the above Inferior

Superior

Which lobe of the left lung constitutes almost the entire lung base? Superior Inferior Any of the above Middle

Inferior

Which lobe of the left lung comprises most of that lungs mediastinal surface? Superior Inferior Any of the above Middle

Superior

The left lung has how many fissures? Three Two One

One

The right lung has how many lobes? Three Two One

Three

The lungs are connected to the mediastinum via what structure? Mediastinal pleura Lung roots Interlobular fissures Visceral pleura

Lung roots

Which of the following describes the anatomical unit of the lungs? Lobes Alveoli Primary lobules Secondary lobules

Primary lobules

The last airway passage in the bronchial tree is which of the following? Secondary bronchi Alveolar ducts Lobular bronchi Primary bronchi

Alveolar ducts

Which of the following terms is also termed tertiary bronchi? Secondary bronchi Lobular bronchi Alveolar ducts Primary bronchi

Lobular bronchi

Which of the following is formed at the carina? Secondary bronchi Lobular bronchi Alveolar ducts Primary bronchi

Primary bronchi

Which of the following supplies blood to the lungs? Pulmonary arteries Aorta Pulmonary veins Coronary arteries

Pulmonary arteries

Which of the following carries deoxygenated blood? Pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries Aorta Coronary arteries

Pulmonary arteries

Which of the following emptied blood into the left atrium? Coronary arteries Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Aorta

Pulmonary veins

Which of the following arises from the right ventricle? Pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries Aorta Coronary arteries

Pulmonary arteries

Which of the following arises from the left ventricle? Aorta Pulmonary veins Coronary arteries Pulmonary arteries

Aorta

Which of the following supplies arterial blood to the myocardium? Pulmonary arteries Aorta Pulmonary veins Coronary arteries

Coronary arteries

The primary pulmonary veins are how many in number? Four Two Three

Four

Which of the following directs blood from the lungs into the heart? Coronary arteries Pulmonary arteries Aorta Pulmonary veins

Pulmonary veins

Which of the following supplies blood to the majority of the body? Aorta Coronary arteries Pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries

Aorta

Which of the following is a fibrous tissue lining the inner walls of the hearts chambers? Myocardium Epicardium Endocardium Pericardium

Endocardium

Which of the following is the visceral layer of the heart’s serous membrane? Endocardium Epicardium Pericardium Myocardium

Epicardium

Which of the following refers to the heart muscle? Myocardium Epicardium Endocardium

Myocardium

Deoxygenated blood is emptied into which chamber of the heart? Right Ventricle Right Atrium Left Ventricle Left Atrium

Right Atrium

Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart via what chamber? Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Atrium Left Ventricle

Right Ventricle

The coronary arteries extend from what large vessel of the heart? Superior Vena Cava Aorta Azygos Vein Pulmonary arteries

Aorta

Which of the following is a branch of the left main coronary artery? Circumflex None of the above Right anterior descending Right main

Circumflex

T/F: The coronary veins drain into the coronary sinus and ultimately into the right atrium.

True

Which of the following is the first branch of the aorta? Brachiocephalic trunk Right common carotid Left subclavian Right subclavian

Brachiocephalic trunk

The SVC is formed by the joining of which of the following vessels? (choose all correct) IVC Azygos vein Left brachiocephalic vein Right brachiocephalic vein

Left brachiocephalic vein Right brachiocephalic vein

Which of the following is the chief venous pathway of the trunk and lower body? Right brachiocephalic vein IVC Left brachiocephalic vein Azygos vein

IVC

Which of the following drains blood from the posterior thorax and abdomen? Right brachiocephalic vein Azygos vein Left brachiocephalic vein IVC

Azygos vein

Which of these muscles marks the division between the chest and abdominal cavities? Diaphragm Quadratus lumborum Iliac Psoas

Diaphragm

Which of the muscles is visualized on the posterior of the abdominal cavity? (select all correct) Diaphragm Psoas Quadratus lumborum Iliac

Psoas Quadratus lumborum

The peritoneum is a: Serous Membrane Muscle Organ Vessel

Serous Membrane

Which of the following is not a retroperitoneal structure? IVC Ureters Kidneys Transverse colon

Transverse colon

Which of the following is a retroperitoneal structure? (choose all correct) Small bowel Spleen Ascending colon Aorta

Ascending colon Aorta

The omentum is attaches to which of the following structures? Stomach Small bowel Large bowel Liver

Stomach

The mesentery is primary attached to which of the following structures? Liver Stomach Small bowel Large bowel

Small bowel

Which of the following is a retroperitoneal structure? Duodenum Ileum Jejunum All of the above

Duodenum

Which of the following is the largest lobe of the liver? Left Right Caudate Quadrate

Right

Blood from the splenic and mesenteric veins is first directed to the: SVC Portal vein Aorta IVC

Portal vein

Arterial blood to the liver is provided by a branch of what artery? Celiac Trunk IMA SMA

Celiac Trunk

Which of the following organs helps to produce antibodies? Pancreas Kidneys Liver Spleen

Spleen

Insulin and glucagon are products of which of the following organs? Liver Kidneys Spleen Pancreas

Pancreas

The hepatic artery shares a common trunk with which of the following vessels? SMA Splenic artery IMA Renal arteries

Splenic artery

The portal vein is formed by the confluence of which of the following vessels? (Choose all correct) Splenic vein SMV IMV Renal veins

Splenic vein SMV IMV

What aspect of the SB is related to the head of the pancreas? Jejunum Ileum Duodenum

Duodenum

Gerota’s fascia surrounds which of these organs? Small bowel Spleen Kidneys Pancreas

Kidneys

Which of the following vessels is visualized on the posterior surface of the pancreas? Left gastric artery SMA Splenic artery Hepatic artery

Splenic artery

Which of the following in not a branch of the celiac truck? SMA Splenic artery Hepatic artery Left gastric artery

SMA

Which kidney is usually positioned higher than the other? Left Right

Left

Renal pyramids are apparent in which aspect of the kidney? Ureters Medulla Collecting system Cortex

Medulla

The major calyces are formed by which of the following? Renal pelvis Minor calyces Ureters Renal cortex

Minor calyces

The kidneys receive oxygenated blood via what vessel? IMA SMA Splenic Artery None of the above

None of the above

Generally, the most superior structure of the renal hilum is the: Ureter Any of the above Renal vein Renal artery

Renal artery

The adrenal glands are visualized in relation to what other structures of the abdomen? Small bowel Pancreas Spleen Kidneys

Kidneys

Which of the following is the most superior aspect of the stomach? Antrum Pylorus Cardia Fundus

Fundus

Which of the following marks the beginning of the distal stomach? Cardia Antrum Fundus Pylorus

Antrum

Which of these continues as the duodenum? Cardia Fundus Antrum Pylorus

Pylorus

Which of these structures describes the junction of the stomach and the esophagus? Pylorus Cardia Antrum Fundus

Cardia

Which of the major braches of the aorta feed the stomach? SMA Celiac Trunk IMA All of the above

Celiac Trunk

The renal arteries extend form what structure? IVC Aorta Renal pelvis

Aorta

The SB receives arterial blood from what branch of the aorta? SMA Celiac Trunk IMA All of the above

SMA

The descending colon is visualized in what portion of the abdomen? Right Left Central None of the above

Left

Which of the following continues as the sigmoid colon? Transverse colon Ascending colon Descending colon Cecum

Descending colon

Which of these is found between the hepatic and splenic flextures? Transverse colon Ascending colon Descending colon Cecum

Transverse colon

The appendix extends from what portion of the colon? Ascending colon Descending colon Cecum Transverse colon

Cecum

Which of these is the only portion of the colon that is peritoneal? Cecum Transverse colon Ascending colon Descending colon

Transverse colon

Most venous blood from the lower abdomen travel back to the heart via what vessel? SVC Portal vein Aorta IVC

IVC

The aorta bifurcates at what level? None of the above T12 Diaphragm Umbilicus

Umbilicus

The crus, covering the aorta, are an extension of what structure? IVC Lungs Diaphragm Peritoneum

Diaphragm

The right sided branch of the celiac trunk is which of the following? Left gastric Hepatic artery Splenic artery SMA

Hepatic artery

Which of the follow list in order from superior to inferior the major branches of the abdominal aorta: Celiac Trunk, SMA, IMA, Renal Arteries Celiac Trunk, SMA, Renal Arteries, IMA SMA, IMA, Celiac Trunk, Renal Arteries Celiac Trunk, Renal Arteries, SMA, IMA

Celiac Trunk, SMA, Renal Arteries, IMA

The whitish opaque portion of the eye is termed the: Sclera Cornea Lens Conjunctiva

Sclera

The transparent anterior bulge of the bulbus oculi is termed the: Conjunctiva Lens Sclera Cornea

Cornea

The thin membrane protected the anterior portion of the eye is termed the: Sclera Lens Conjunctiva Cornea

Conjunctiva

The structure responsible for directing light onto the retina is termed: Conjunctiva Lens Cornea Sclera

Lens

T/F: The large nerve exiting the eye is termed the ophthalmic nerve.

False

The ophthalmic artery is a direct branch of which of the following vessels? Common carotid Internal carotid Internal jugular External carotid

Internal carotid

Which of the following is not a salivary gland? Parotid Submandibular Parathyroid Sublingual

Parathyroid

Which of the following vessels typically arises directly from the aortic arch? Right common carotid Basilar Left common carotid Vertebral

Left common carotid

The parotid glands are oriented posterior to what aspect of the mandible? None of the above Body Mentum Ramus

Ramus

The submandibular glands are located medially to what aspect of the mandible? Ramus Body None of the above Mentum

Body

Which of the following glands are positioned directly below the tongue? Parotid Sublingual Lacrimal Submandibular

Sublingual

Each common carotid artery bifurcated into internal and external carotid arteries at the level of the: Jugular notch EAM Foramen magnum Thyroid cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

Which of the following vessels do not enter the skull? None of the above External Carotid Vertebrals Internal Carotid

External Carotid

Which of the following vessel pairs ultimately merge and form the basilar artery? Internal Carotids External Carotids Vertebrals Internal Jugulars

Vertebrals

Which of the following vessels supply blood to the face and scalp? External Carotids Internal Jugulars Vertebrals Internal Carotids

External Carotids

Which of the following does not help supply blood to the Circle of Willis? Internal Carotids External Carotids None of the above Vertebrals

External Carotids

T/F: The vertebral arteries pass through the vertebral foramina of the cervical spine on the way to the cranium.

False

T/F: If it weren’t for your awesome instructor you wouldn’t love cross sectional anatomy nearly as much as you do now.

True

The basilar artery is formed at the level of which of the following structure? Thyroid cartilage EAM Jugular notch Foramen magnum

Foramen magnum

T/F: The anterior and external jugular veins usually drain superficial areas such as the face and scalp.

True

What structure marks the beginning of the lower respiratory system? Larynx Oropharynx Nasopharynx None of the above

Larynx

The most inferior portion of the pharynx is the: None of the above Nasopharynx Laryngopharynx Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

Which of the following is the lower border of the oropharynx? Epiglottis Soft palate Thyroid cartilage Palatine tonsils

Epiglottis

The thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and the epiglottis are all structures of the: Esophagus Oropharynx Trachea Larynx

Larynx

Which of the following structures marks the transition of the larynx into the trachea? Cricoid cartilage Epiglottis Soft palate Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

Which aspect of the larynx covers the trachea during swallowing? Soft palate Epiglottis Cricoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage

Epiglottis

Which structure is positioned closest to the spine? Esophagus Trachea

Esophagus

The trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi at what spinal level? T10-T11 T2-T3 T4-T5 C7-T1

T4-T5

Which of the following marks the superior margin of the pelvis? Quadratus lumborum Iliac bones Abdominal muscles Sacral Prominens

Sacral Prominens

Which of the following defines the anterior border of the pelvis? Abdominal muscles Sacral Prominens Iliac bones Quadratus lumborum

Abdominal muscles

Which of the following is least likely to be identified in the pelvis? Jejunum Duodenum Cecum Ileum

Duodenum

Which of the following may be found in the pelvis but not in the abdomen? GI tract Urinary system Peritoneum Reproductive organs

Reproductive organs

T/F: The appendix extends from the cecum.

True

What term describes the s-shaped portion of the large bowl in the LLQ? Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anus

Sigmoid colon

What term describes the last segment of the GI tract? Descending colon Rectum Sigmoid colon Anus

Rectum

T/F: The appendix is always found directly behind the cecum at the level of S1.

False

Which of the following describes an organ with thin muscular walls located on the anterior abdominal wall? Prostate Uterus Rectum Bladder

Bladder

Which of the following is the most posterior structure in the male pelvis? Iliac muscles Uterus Prostate Rectum

Rectum

Which of the following structures is sometime situated above and behind the bladder? Rectum Iliac muscles Uterus Prostate

Uterus

Which of the following may be found below and behind the urinary bladder? Rectum Prostate Uterus Iliac muscles

Prostate

Which of the following describes the most anterior structure of the female pelvis? Rectum Bladder Prostate Uterus

Bladder

Which of the following describes a sac-like organ with variable appearance and orientation located in the center of the pelvic floor? Bladder Uterus Rectum Prostate

Uterus

The ureters joint to the bladder on which of its surfaces? Inferior Anterior Superior Posterior

Posterior

The ph of the fluid secreted by the prostate is acidic or alkaline? Alkaline Acidic

Alkaline

The urethra in males passes through which of these organs? Prostate Uterus Rectum Iliac muscles

Prostate

T/F: The uterus appears as the same shape and same orientation in all women.

False

During menstruation the walls of the uterus may appear thicker or thinner usual? Thicker Thinner

Thicker

T/F: During ovulation the ovaries decrease in size.

False

The most superior bone of the pelvic bone is the: Ilium Ischium Pubis

Ilium

The most anterior bone of the pelvic bone is the: Pubis Ischium Ilium

Pubis

Which of the following does not form the rami of the obturator foramen? Pubis Ilium Ischium

Ilium

Which of the following forms the wings attaching to the sacrum? Pubis Ilium Ischium

Ilium

Which of the following bones joint at the acetabulum? (select all correct) Ilium Ischium Pubis

All of the above

Which of the following bone forms an uncomfortable tuberosity on your posterior? Ilium Pubis Ischium

Ischium

The aorta bifurcates into which of the following at the level of L4? Common femoral arteries Internal iliac arteries IVC Common iliac arteries

Common iliac arteries

The confluence of the common iliac veins forms which of the following? Common iliac arteries IVC Common femoral arteries Internal iliac arteries

IVC

As it passes behind the inguinal ligament, the external iliac artery becomes which of the following? Common iliac arteries IVC Internal iliac arteries Common femoral arteries

Common femoral arteries

Final Review Flashcards

(331 cards)