Final Review

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

Survival and reproduction of the fittest

Question 2

Overall genetic makeup of a population

Answer 2

Gene pool

Question 3

Hardy-wineberg equilibriums

Answer 3

No gene flow
Genetic drift
Mutation
Natural selection

And

Random mating

Question 4

What happens in hardy wine berg equilibrium

Answer 4

No evolution

Question 5

Loss of rare alleles by chance

Answer 5

Genetic drift

Affects small populations.

Question 6

Founder affect

Answer 6

Allele frequency is based off of founding population not parent population.

Question 7

Natural selection decreases the phenotypic diversity of a population.

Answer 7

Done

Question 8

Three patterns of selection

Answer 8

Directional
Disruptive
Stabilizing

Question 9

What is the connection between flowering plants and their pollinators called

Answer 9

Co-evolution

Diffuse

Question 10

Species concept that is based on structural differences between groups of individuals

Answer 10

Morphological species concept

Question 11

Where does biological species concept not work

Answer 11

Asexual reproduction in bacteria

Question 12

Org are structurally dissimilar and cannot mate

Answer 12

Mechanical isolation

Question 13

Offspring do not survive to mate

Answer 13

Hybrid inviability.

Question 14

Org don’t mate because they don’t recognize each other.

Answer 14

Behavioral isolation

Question 15

Ex of post zygotic isolation

Answer 15

Hybrid sterility

Question 16

Allopatric speciation

Answer 16

Geographical barrier cause reproduction isolation and given time will cause the species to diverge

Question 17

Sympatric speciation

Answer 17

In ancestral species by ploidy changes or change in ecological preferences

Autopolyploidy- plant self replicates

Alopilyploudy - two related species form offspring that cannot perform meiosis.

Question 18

Rapid speciation due to expansion into available niches is

Answer 18

Adaptive radiation

Question 19

Hybrid zone’s three options

Answer 19

Fusion - they merge
Reinforcement - they remain separate
Stability - separate populations with hybrids present.

Question 20

Charles Darwin’s species idea

Answer 20

Phyletic gradualism

Question 21

Oldest known eukaryotic org

Answer 21

1.75 bya

Question 22

Oldest known animal fossils

Answer 22

565 mya

Question 23

Oldest known fossils

Answer 23

3.5 bya

Question 24

Evidence of sexual reproduction

Answer 24

1.1 bya

Question 25

Oldest plant fossils

Answer 25

425 mya

Question 26

Fossils of tetrads show

Answer 26

Meiosis occurring - sexual reproduction.

Question 27

Exaption

Answer 27

Feathers from scales

Question 28

Heterochrony

Answer 28

Change in timing - retention of juvenile traits

Question 29

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

Answer 29

Done

Question 30

Three types of taxa

Answer 30

Monophyletic - contains all ancestors and descendants Paraphyletic - contains some by not all descendants Polyphyletic - includes descendants of two different ancestral org.

Question 31

Homologous vs homoplastic structures

Answer 31

1- similar from common ancestor that is adapted for different purposes. 2- look similar but came from different ancestries

Question 32

Convergent evolution causes homoplastic

Answer 32

Done

Question 33

Synapomorphies

Answer 33

Mammary glands in domain Eukarya. Shared derived features

Question 34

Symplesiomorphy

Answer 34

Mammoth glands in the kingdom mammalia - shared ancestral feature

Question 35

Clades use synapomorphies

Answer 35

Did.

Question 36

Principle of parsimony with clades

Answer 36

Select the simplest explanation by using the fewest amount of homologies that you can