Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
where/what is in the upper jiao
A
above diaphragm.
head, chest, heart, lungs and arms
2
Q
where/what is in the middle jiao
A
below diaphragm, above umbilicus.
spleen, stomach, gall bladder, liver (b.c. of location)
3
Q
where/what is in the lower jiao
A
below umbilicus.
kidney, intestines, bladder, liver (b.c. of function)
4
Q
what is the function of the triple burner
A
holds the office of the sluices; manifests as the waterways.
process fluids by the transformative action of qi and ensure free flow through waterways
5
Q
how should a healthy upper, middle, and lower burner appear?
A
upper: mist
middle: foam (muddy pool)
lower: sluice (drainage ditch)
6
Q
where does original qi/source qi reside?
A
between the two kidneys
7
Q
what is the ming men the root and source of?
A
root of essential qi
source of fire for all organs
8
Q
ming men: aka
A
gate of vitality / life gate
9
Q
what does the ming men warm?
A
warms the lower burner & bladder
warms the stomach and spleen to aid in digestion
10
Q
what does the ming men harmonize?
A
harmonizes the sexual function and warms essence & uterus
11
Q
what does the ming men assist in?
A
assists in KD function of reception qi (breathing)
assists in HT function of housing the mind (grasping spirit internally)
12
Q
6 functions of kidney
A
- KD stores essential qi & is responsible for growth, reproduction and development.
- KD governs bone and engenders marrow
- KD governs water
- KD opens to the ears and 2 lower yin
- KD bloom=hair on head
- KD yin = root yin of all organs, KD yang = root yang of all organs
13
Q
function of kidney yin
A
moisten and nourish all organs
14
Q
functions of kidney yang
A
warming and activating all organs
15
Q
what are some signs that kidney yin is vacuous
A
heat, dizzy, tinnitus, limp/aching lumbus/knees, emissions, red tongue, dry mouth
16
Q
what are some signs that kidney yang is vacuous
A
disturbances with water metabolism, reproductive function problems, palpitations, slow pulse, sweating, short breath, cold limbs
17
Q
what is the net relationship for the KD
A
kidney nets the urinary bladder
18
Q
what is the relationship between the KD and the HT
A
kidney is in the lower burner, HT is in the upper burner
19
Q
what are the relationships btw KD and LG
A
KD is the root of qi, LG governs qi
KD governs water, LG =upper source of water
20
Q
what is the relationship btw KD and SP
A
KD yang is the root of spleen yang
21
Q
what are the relationships btw KD and LV
A
KD stores essence, LV stores blood
KD governs storage, LV governs free coursing
22
Q
what are the 4 functions of the liver
A
- liver governs free coursing of emotions, bile, and qi
- liver stores blood
- liver governs sinews; manifests in the nails
- liver opens at the eyes
23
Q
what is the net relationship for the LV
A
Liver nets the gall bladder
24
Q
what are the relationships between the LV and GB?
A
LV courses bile, GB stores bile
LV governs planning, GB governs decisions (courage)
25
what is the relationship between the LV and the HT
LV stores blood, HT governs blood
26
what are the relationships between the LV and the KD
LV stores blood, KD stores essence
| LV governs free coursing, KD governs storage
27
what is the relationship between the LV and the LG
LV governs upbearing, LG governs downbearing
28
which organ is said to govern qi and respiration?
lung
29
which organ governs movement and transformation?
spleen
30
which organ governs intake and decomposition?
stomach
31
which organ governs flesh and the four limbs?
spleen
32
which organ regulates the water passages
lung
33
why is a stuffy nose a possible sign of lung disharmony?
because the lung opens to the nose & indicates there is an issue with the transformation of fluids in the waterways
34
what are two relationships between the heart and lung?
they are both in the upper burner
| the heart governs blood and lung governs qi
35
what are the characteristics of viscera (5)
```
yin
interior
solid/filled/full
zang
store and do not discharge (fx)
```
36
what are the characteristics of bowels (5)
```
yang
exterior
hollow
fu
transmit and empty and do not store
```
37
what are the 5 viscera
```
heat (pericardium)
lung
spleen
liver
kidney
```
38
what are the 6 bowels
```
small intestine
large intestine
stomach
gall bladder
urinary bladder
triple burner
```
39
what are the 6 extraordinary (curious) organs
brain - hollow chambers, sea of marrow
bone - filled with marrow
marrow - fills bones
(all three related to kidney)
uterus - hollow until its not, and when it's not, its holding something precious. treat organs that influence conception & gestation
blood vessels - hollow but never empty. yang organ of heart, treat through heart.
gall bladder - stores bile (precious substance) yang in form (hollow), but yin in function
40
what makes the 6 extraordinary organs special?
they are yang in form but yin in function (hollow, but store)
41
According to the Nei Jing Su Wen, what is the heart compared to?
a monarch who excels through insight and understanding
42
According to the Nei Jing Su Wen, what is the pericardium compared to?
official ambassador and protector of the heart
43
According to the Nei Jing Su Wen, what is the lung compared to?
prime minister on whom rhythm order depends
44
According to the Nei Jing Su Wen, what is the spleen compared to?
official in charge of distribution of riches
| ex:extracts nutrients, fluids, energy
45
According to the Nei Jing Su Wen, what is the liver compared to?
military leader, general who excels in strategic planning
46
According to the Nei Jing Su Wen, what is the small intestine compared to?
officials who are trusted with riches and create change of physical substance
ex: best of nutrients become the best of us
47
According to the Nei Jing Su Wen, what is the triple burner compared to?
official who constructs the waterways through transport and communication
48
According to the Nei Jing Su Wen, what is the large intestine compared to?
a dust bin collector, cleaning up garbage
49
According to the Nei Jing Su Wen, what is the stomach compared to?
official of rotting and ripening
| ex: receiving and decomposing
50
According to the Nei Jing Su Wen, what is the gall bladder compared to?
official who excels in decision, judgement, and courage
51
According to the Nei Jing Su Wen, what is the urinary bladder compared to?
official which stores the overflow and fluid secretions which serve to regulate vaporization
52
what is the difference in qi movement between the spleen and stomach?
spleen qi is upbearing, stomach qi is downbearing
53
which organ is prone to vacuity and dampness conditions?
spleen
54
which organ is said to govern the separation of the clear and turbid?
small intestine
55
what are main signs and symptoms of heart problems?
palpitations, sleep and mind pathologies
56
what does a pale/dry tongue indicate?
blood insufficiency
57
what does a pale/moist tongue indicate?
qi insufficiency
58
what does a moist tongue mean?
that the tongue appears swollen, which is a transforming problem
59
what are the functions of the heart?
heart governs blood and vessels
heart stores the spirit
heart opens to the tongue
60
explain how the heart also governs nourishing.
the heart governs blood. blood's nourishes organs so therefore the heart governs nourishing
61
heart yin and heart yang are indicated by what for the blood and vessels?
heart yang = a strong heartbeat
| heart yin = a full, smooth flow
62
what happens if heart yin is replete?
too much yin = too calm & not as engaged. clear yang is not rising. yin repletion hinders yang. ex: sinus congestion
63
heart yin and heart yang are indicated by what, for storing the spirit?
heart yang = expansive and engaged consciousness
| heart yin = centered, calm and cool consciousness
64
what relationship does the heart have with the small intestine?
it nets the small intestine
65
what is the relationship between the heart and the pericardium?
the heart is located in the chest and is enclosed by the pericardium, whose main function is to protect the heart.
66
what is the relationship between the heart and the spleen
the heart governs blood and the spleen manages blood
67
what is the relationship between the heart and the kidney
they heart is located in the upper burner and the kidney in the lower burner. the heart connects with the lower burner via the kidney and the kidney connects with the upper burner via the heart
68
what is the relationship between the heart and the lungs?
the heart governs blood, the lungs govern qi
69
what are the functions of the lung
```
the lung governs qi & respiration
the lung governs diffusion and depurative downbearing ie: bringing fluids downward to be eliminated
the lung regulates the waterways
the lung governs the skin and body hair
the lung opens to the nose
```
70
yin yang principle of the lungs
inhale, lung contracts and is down (yang)
| exhale, lung is relaxed and is up (yin) [floored canopy]
71
what are some basic pathologies for the lung
sweat and fluid regulation
72
what is the relationship between the lung and the large intestine?
the lung nets the large intestine. ie: if the lungs are not working correctly, the bowels may not be opening leading one to have constipation
73
what is the relationship between the lungs and the heart?
the lungs govern qi and the heart governs blood.
| ex: they work together to make sure the chest qi is working properly
74
what are the relationships between the lung and the kidney?
the lung governs qi and the kidney is the root of qi
the lung is the upper source of water and the kidney governs water
ex:kidney grasps qi (qi dynamic)
ex:LG=upper source of water & KD = lower source of water (fluid dynamic)
75
what is the relationship between the lung and the spleen?
the lungs govern the waterways and the spleen governs movement and transportation of fluids
76
what is the relationship btw the lung and the liver
the lungs govern qi and the liver governs free coursing of qi
77
breathing in is what kind of a problem? breathing out is what kind of problem?
breathing in = KD problem, breathing out = LG problem
78
what are the two types of phlegm?
external: substantial - spit up, cough out, visible
internal: insubstantial - clouds the mind and spirit, keeps consciousness from being awakened, blocks organ's functions
79
what are the functions of the spleen
the spleen governs movement and transformation of grain and water
the spleen manages blood (helps produce/control)
the spleen governs the flesh and 4 limbs
the spleen opens into the mouth (taste & appetite) and manifests in the lips
80
what kind of qi brings essence from the spleen to the lung channel?
central qi
81
what are the relationships between the spleen and the stomach
```
spleen:
governs M&T
governs upbearing through central qi
hindered by a damp environment
thrives in dry environment
easily suffers from deficiency
prone to cold
```
```
stomach:
governs rotting and ripening
governs downbearing
hindered by a dry environment
thrives in moist environment
easily suffers from excess
prone to heat
```
82
what is damp?
water not being transformed. stagnant water. heavy feeling.
83
what is the relationship between the spleen and the small intestine?
the spleen governs M&T and the sm. intestine governs separation of the clear and turbid
84
what organs are the root of acquired qi?
the spleen and stomach
85
what is the relationship between the spleen and the lg. intestine?
the spleen governs M&T and the lg.intestine governs conveyance of waste
86
what is the relationship between the spleen and the liver?
the spleen governs M&T and the liver governs free coursing
87
what happens when the liver is not properly free coursing?
there is qi stagnation and distending pain that comes and goes
88
what does bile help assist?
smooth and easy digestion in the middle burner
89
where does the liver reside?
in the hypochondrium, flank, ribside
90
what organ supports the body during activity when we need to use certain muscles?
the liver because of the function: storing blood. it allows the supply of blood to reach the places in the body that need it.
91
what organ is a yin organ but is yang in nature?
the liver
92
what side of the body does the liver energy arise from
the left
93
what happens when liver qi becomes abundant?
it manifests as bile
94
who does wind affect the liver?
causes tremors, vertigo, dizzy, epilepsy, convulsions, stroke, parkinsons...etc.
95
how does wind form?
from heat and vacuity
96
if a patient comes in with complaints of urinary incontinence, to check if it is the kidney that is malfunctioning, what should we ask questions about?
jing. ask about their libido, fatigue, and osteoporosis
97
what depletes the kidney?
find out what depletes jing. men-too much emissions. women - child birth. both sexes - long term illnesses or natural aging process.
98
what are external factors that deplete qi and possibly jing in the long run
wind, cold, heat, damp, dry, summer heat
99
what are internal factors that affect shen, qi and jing?
the 7 emotions ex: constant rumination or depression
100
yin yang
categories for classifying paired phenomena according to their nature and mutual relationship
101
yin or yang : dark
yin
102
yin or yang: metal
yin
103
yin or yang: fire
yang
104
yin or yang: winter
ultimate yin
105
yin or yang: heaven
yang
106
yin or yang: moon
yin
107
yin or yang: earth
yin
108
yin or yang:male
yang
109
yin or yang: hot
yang
110
yin or yang: night
yin
111
yin or yang: slow
yin
112
yin or yang: day
yang
113
yin or yang: wood
yang
114
yin or yang: female
yin
115
yin or yang: spring
yang
116
yin or yang: water
yin
117
yin or yang: light
yang
118
yin or yang: autumn/fall
yin
119
yin or yang: sun
yang
120
yin or yang: fast
yang
121
yin or yang: summer
yang
122
yin or yang: inner
yin
123
yin or yang: exterior
yang
124
yin or yang: abdomen
yin
125
yin or yang: back
yang
126
yin or yang: lower
yin
127
yin or yang: defense qi/wei qi
yang
128
yin or yang: bone, sinew
yin
129
yin or yang:upper
yang
130
yin or yang: channels/collaterals vs. organs
yang - channels, yin - organs
131
yin or yang: blood vs qi
yin - blood, yang - qi
132
yin or yang: construction/ying qi
yin
133
yin or yang: skin body hair
yang
134
what are the 5 vital substances
blood, body fluids, essence, qi, shen
135
what are the 4 guiding principles of yin and yang
1. divisibility/opposition: each yin yang phenomena itself possesses both yin and yang aspects that may be further divided.
2. rooted in each other/interdependence: they are mutually indispensable and engendering. yin exists by virtue of yang and vice versa.
3. mutual consumption/counterbalance: a deficit of one naturally leads to a prevalence or hyperactivity of the other. a surfeit of one will weaken the other.
4. mutual convertibility / inter-transformation: heat patterns can be turned into or develop into cold patterns.
136
what are the two books of the classic chinese medical text
Huang Di Nei Jing - yellow emperors inner cannon
1. su wen - elementary questions
2. ling shu - spiritual pivot
137
Qi is the ____ of blood
| blood is the ____ of qi
commander , mother
138
what to do when the balance is upset:
- deficient yin/yin vacuity
- deficient yang/yang vacuity
- surfeit of yin/yin repletion
- surfeit of yang/yang repletion
- deficient yin/yin vacuity: restore yin
- deficient yang/yang vacuity: restore yang
- surfeit of yin/yin repletion: eliminate cold, damp, phlegm or blood
- surfeit of yang/yang repletion: eliminate heat, wind, fire
139
if there is a surfeit/repletion how do we treat?
eliminate the evil and restore the right qi by clearing heat, warming cold or transforming damp
140
if there is a deficit/vacuity, how do we treat?
we must restore by nourishing yin, warming yang, boosting qi, and nourishing blood
141
what are yang patterns and pulses
exterior pattern, repletion pattern
| rapid, floating, slippery, large, surging, replete pulse
142
what are yin patterns and pulses
interior pattern, vacuity pattern
| slow, deep, rough, small, fine, vacuous pulse
143
five phases for taste
```
wood - sour
fire - bitter
earth - sweet
metal - acrid
water - salty
```
144
five phases for color
```
wood - green/blue
fire - red
earth - yellow
metal - white
water - black
```
145
five phases for development stages
```
wood - birth
fire - growth
earth - maturity
metal - withdrawal
water - dormancy
```
146
five phases for climate
```
wood - wind
fire - summer heat
earth - damp
metal - dry
water - cold
```
147
five phases for direction
```
wood - east
fire - south
earth - center
metal - west
water - north
```
148
five phases for season
```
wood - spring
fire - summer
earth - long summer
metal - autumn/fall
water - winter
```
149
five phases for yin yang
```
wood - lesser yang
fire - utmost yang
earth - center
metal - lesser yin
water - utmost yin
```
150
five phases for yin organs
```
wood - liver
fire - heart
earth - spleen
metal - lung
water - kidney
```
151
five phases for yang organs
```
wood - gall bladder
fire - small intestine
earth - stomach
metal - large intestine
water - urinary bladder
```
152
five phases for sense organs
```
wood - eyes
fire - tongue
earth - mouth
metal - nose
water - ears
```
153
five phases for tissues
```
wood - sinew
fire - vessels
earth - flesh
metal - skin/body hair
water - bone
```
154
five phases for emotions
```
wood - anger
fire - joy
earth - thought
metal - sorrow
water - fear
```
155
five phases for body fluids
```
wood -tears
fire - sweat
earth - drool
metal - snivel
water - spittle
```
156
five phases for sounds
```
wood - shouting
fire - laughing
earth - singing
metal - wailing
water - moaning
```
157
engendering & restraining cycle
wood engenders fire, fire engenders earth, earth engenders metal, metal engenders water, water engenders wood.
wood restrains earth, earth restrains water, water restrains fire, fire restrains metal, metal restrains wood
158
wood is the bending and straightening:
having the characteristics of growth, upbearing, and effusion (upward and outward movement)
159
fire is the flaming upward:
having the quality of heat and upward motion
160
earth is the sowing a reaping
representing the planting and harvesting of crops and the bringing fourth of phenomena
161
metal is the working of change
having the qualities of purification, elimination and reform
162
water is the moistening and descending to low places
having the qualities of moistening, downward movement, and coldness
163
overwhelm and rebellion cycle
wood may overwhelm earth & rebel against metal
fire may overwhelm metal & rebel against water
earth may overwhelm water & rebel against wood
metal may overwhelm wood & rebel against fire
water may overwhelm fire and rebel against earth
164
How to make qi
gu qi --> qi of grain and water. enters the stomach and is transformed by the spleen
da qi --> great qi; air drawn into lungs
essential qi --> combined congenital and acquired qi. stored in kidney
165
what are the 5 types of original qi
organ qi: basis of function for each organ
channel qi: moves with the channels
construction qi: forms blood and flows with it in the vessels
defense qi: flows outside the vessels; regulates pores and warms the organs
ancestral qi: gathers in chest; responsible for regulation of heartbeat and breathing
166
what are the 5 functions of qi
activate: all movement and though within the body and mind
contain: holds substances in, organs up, and blood in vessels
defense: protects against pathogens, regulates pores
transforms: food ingested then transformed into qi, blood, fluids
warm: maintains normal range of heat in body
167
what are the pathologies of qi
-qi vacuity; qi fall
CAUSE: gain qi up until middle age, then start to lose some with age as you go through life. ie: bearing children
=fatigue, diarrhea, cold limbs
qi stagnation; counterflow qi
CAUSE: emotional imbalances, trauma, poor lifestyle
stagnation=fluctuating, distending, non-localized pain
counterflow=nausea, vomiting, hiccough
168
relationships between organs and qi
```
stomach receives and ripens
stomach and spleen = root of acquired qi
spleen governs movement
lung governs qi
liver governs free-coursing
```
169
how to make blood
1. food is ingested by the stomach
2. spleen distills the essence
3. spleen qi carries it up to the lung channel
4. construction qi transforms it into blood
170
what is the function of blood
to nourish the organs that make qi
171
what are the pathologies of blood:
blood vacuity:
CAUSE: heavy blood loss, low blood production, failure to eliminate old static blood
=lusterless complexion, dry skin & hair, heart palpitations, flowery vision/floaters, pale tongue, fine pulse, insomnia, muscle spasms
blood stasis:
CAUSE: qi vacuity, qi stagnation, blood heat, blood cold & trauma
=dull dark complexion, purple tongue, local, sharp fixed pain, choppy/rough pulse
blood heat:
CAUSE: external heat pathogen entering at the blood level
=bright red bleeding and maculopapular eruptions
172
relationships between organs and blood:
heart governs blood --> it's the pumo and moves it through the vessels
liver stores the blood --> gives to organs/muscles when we need them
spleen manages blood --> contains and releases when necessary
173
how to make fluids
1. stomach takes in food
2. spleen distills the essence from it and spleen qi carries essence yo to the lung
3. lung provides regular flow of water by governing diffusion and depurative downbearing
4. kidney distills fluid and helps distribute through body
5. sm. intestine separates clear from turbid
6. lg. intestine conveys waste downward
174
what are the functions of fluids
moisten the organs, muscles and membranes, lubricate joints, nourish brain, bone, and marrow
175
what are the pathologies of fluids
-too little fluid
CAUSE: burning of fluids from heat, depletion due to long illness or iatrogenic cause
=dry & thirsty
-to much fluid
CAUSE: abnormal water accumulation due to impairment of qi of lung, spleen, or kidney
=phlegm accumulation, signs of water
176
what is the relationship between the stomach and fluids
fluid processing begins here. essential qi of fluids is absorbed and spleen carried it up to the lung
177
characteristics of yang fluids
```
liquid/jin
light
superficial
thin
flesh, mucus membranes, skin, hair, sense organs
mobile
form sweat and urine
easy to eliminate/replenish
```
178
characteristics of yin fluids
```
humor/ye
heavy
thick
less mobile
bowels & viscera
brain and bones
lubricate joints
moisten skill
harder to eliminate and replenish, more long-term
```
179
types of jing
- congenital: what you get from your parents. fixed quantity. made at conception --> birth
- acquired: how you live your life / choices you make
- reproductive: congenital and acquired combined = kidney essence / jing essence. stored in kidney, circulates through 8 extraordinary vessels. basis for growth and development.
180
pathologies of jing
jing insufficiency: problems with growth, development, and reproductive capabilities.
=stunted growth in children, slow development of sexual maturity, delayed mental development, poor sexual function, nocturnal emissions, habitual miscarriages, and premature greying of hair.
181
yearly cycle for women
```
7-kidney energy abundant
14- menses comes, can bear children
21- kidney essence peaks
28- tendons and bones = strong
35-stomach and intestine channel weaken
49-menses stops
```
182
yearly cycle for men
```
8-kidney energy = abundant
16-kidney qi = abundant, reproductive functions mature, ability to produce children
24-kidney energy peaks
32-tendons and bones are strongest
40-kidney is weakened
48-yang qi is exhausted
56-reproductive function ceases
64-hair and teeth fall out
```
183
what does healthy shen look like?
bright eyes, lusterfull complexion, normal bearing, clear, coherent speech
184
what does a disturbed shen look like
dull eyes, dark, dull complexion, abnormal bearing, weak voice, slow/halting speech, incoherent response to questions
185
how do you make shen
each parent contributes to creation of a child's shen and it is nourished by the congenital qi.
shen is made from the essence qi from grain and water
qi is the root of essence and spirit
when qi accumulates, it produces essence. when essence accumulates, it renders a wholesome spirit.
186
function of shen
capacity of mind to form ideas and desire of a person to live life
187
what are the 5 shen
1. heart (shen) see in the eyes and complexion
2. liver (hun) ethereal soul-"spirit" purpose, destiny, stored in liver
3. lung (po) corporeal soul - animal spirit, instincts, active during day
4. spleen (yi) thinking soul - intellect, ability to think, intention
kidney (zhi) will power - achievement potential, will power, requires energy and direction
188
is disease will arise with an abstraction of spirit?
psychological disorders
189
is disease will arise with a clouded spirit
mumbling to one's self
190
is disease will arise with a debilitated spirit
long illness and decline
191
is disease will arise with a heaviness of spirit
cant get off the couch
192
is disease will arise with a loss of spirit
dont want to live anymore
193
is disease will arise with phlegm misting the spirit mind
cant think clear due to obstructed upper burner/pathologic invasion
194
is disease will arise with a restless spirit
cant sit still/calm down
195
is disease will arise with a spirit failing to keep its abode
insomnia
196
is disease will arise with a floating spirit
outer body sensation
197
what are common symptoms of shen diseases
insomnia, active dreaming, vexed, palpitations, anxiety
198
the menstrual cycle relates to what?
uterus, penetrating, conception, vessels, heart, liver, and spleen
199
```
what are the pathogens that most commonly act on the following organs:
spleen
kidney
lung
liver
```
spleen - damp
kidney - dry
lung - external wind
liver - internal wind
200
the function of the life gate fire is often compared to which organ?
the right kidney, which is kidney yang
201
In addition to the spleen, undigested food in the stool points to dysfunction of of what organ
kidney ming men fire. kidney and spleen yang deficiency = undigested food in stool & cocks crow diarrhea/5th watch
202
symptoms of torpid intake nausea and abdominal distention are related to dysfunction of which organ
stomach
abdominal distention = qi stagnation
torpid intake = when you can't take in food; may or may not have appetite.
203
which organ is the root of congenital qi
kidney
204
why is kidney yin referred to as the true / original yin?
kidney yin is the root yin for all organs
| it stores one's essence which is responsible for growth, development, and maturity
205
what is a major sign of stomach yin vacuity
hunger with hot stomach --> no appetite (filled up really easily)
