Final Review - Exam 2

Question 1

what does the Langmuir model assume

Answer 1

that protein adsorption is fully reversible

Question 2

protein adsorption is an _____ process

Answer 2

irreversible

Question 3

draw langmuir

Answer 3

drawing

Question 4

draw linearized langmuir

Answer 4

drawing

Question 5

draw scatchard

Answer 5

drawing

Question 6

radioactivity can measure an adsorbed protein’s ______

Answer 6

sensitivity

Question 7

the scatchard model does not account for:

Answer 7

a large change in soluble protein concentration resulting from adsorption

Question 8

intrinsic pathway initiation

Answer 8

protein adsorption

Question 9

extrinsic pathway activation

Answer 9

tissue factor and exposure

Question 10

main protein in intrinsic pathway

Answer 10

factor xii

Question 11

factor xa converts ____ to _____ which is also called _____

Answer 11

prothrombin, thrombin, proteolytic cleavage

Question 12

hemostasis definition and cellular and protein contribution

Answer 12

def: maintenance of a stable blood volume
cellular contribution - platelets
protein contribution - coagulation cascade (fibrin)

Question 13

every biological surface in contact with blood has a ___ lining of ___ cells

Answer 13

monolayer, endothelial

Question 14

result of hemostasis/platelets and coag. cascade

Answer 14

covalently crosslinked fibrin hydrogel with entrapped cells

Question 15

role of platelets

Answer 15

initiate wound healing

Question 16

how is coagulation localized?

Answer 16

generation and release of inhibitors like heparin

Question 17

fibrin is crosslinked to ___ by factor ___

Answer 17

fibrinogen, factor xiiia

Question 18

what functional group binds calcium ions

Answer 18

hydroxide ions/hydroxyl groups (OH)

Question 19

plasmin cleaves ___

Answer 19

fibrin

Question 20

plasmin inhibitor

Answer 20

tpa (tissue plasminogen activator)

Question 21

proteases ___

Answer 21

break down other proteins

Question 22

anti-thrombin 3 inhibits ____

Answer 22

thrombin, has limited efficency

Question 23

4 factors to control coagulation

Answer 23

1. localization
2. continous dilution of activated factors by blood flow
3. generation and release of inhibitors
4. generation and release of degradive enzymes

Question 24

what do degradive enzymes do

Answer 24

degrade other macromolecules via enzymatic cleavage

Question 25

non-fouling surfaces are surfaces that resist

Answer 25

protein adsorption and cell adhesion - are also hydrophillic

Question 26

applications where non-fouling surface modification is useful

Answer 26

drug delivery, catheter, blood contacting materials, biosensors, anti-microbial surfaces

Question 27

how does PEG resist protein adsorption

Answer 27

osmotic repulsion and configurational entropy

Question 28

peg stands for

Answer 28

polyethelene glycol

Question 29

osmotic repulsion explanation

Answer 29

PEG is hydrophillic and has a high affinity for water osmotic repulsion describes the resistance of PEG to release both free and bound water, the bound water is so tightly associated that it cannot be removed even by freezing/heating up

Question 30

configurational entropy explanation

Answer 30

surface polymer chains are highly hydrated and adopt an extended confirmation. Protein contact requires compression/compaction which is entropicallly unfavorable

Question 31

traditional drugs use the ___ pathway

Answer 31

NDA

Question 32

devices use the ___ pathway

Answer 32

510k or PMA

Question 33

biologics (like PEGylation) use the ___ pathway

Answer 33

BLA

Question 34

downsides of PEGylation

Answer 34

has been so widely used that 50% of people have anti-PEG antibodies

Question 35

the efficacy of a drug or biologic can be improved by PEGylation because of ____

Answer 35

reduced immogenicity, improved circulation time, improved solubility

Question 36

a product is biomemetic if

Answer 36

it "mimics" / is similar to the real body counterpart

Question 37

thrombus

Answer 37

pathological blood clot

Question 38

thrombosis

Answer 38

formation of a pathological blood clot

Question 39

thrombogenecity

Answer 39

material with a high capacity to initate thrombus formation, ex. glass

Question 40

embolism

Answer 40

obstruction of an artery by a thrombus particle

Question 41

consequence of embolism

Answer 41

heart attack or stroke

Question 42

heparin is this type of molecule

Answer 42

polysaccaride

Question 43

heparin surface modification techniques

Answer 43

grafting and layer by layer coating

Question 44

increase in molecular weight causes a _______ in stablilty

Answer 44

increase

Question 45

active vs passive

Answer 45

active: heparin passive: PEG

Question 46

ways to measure efficacy of heparin coating

Answer 46

platelet count on surface presence of fibrin on surface (clot formation) presence of anti-thrombin 3