Final Review for Semester One

Question 0

This write believed that “a wise ruler ought never to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interests.”

Answer 0

Machiavelli

Question 1

This treaty was issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1494 in order to prevent military conflicts between Spain & Portugal over their New World claims.

Answer 1

Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 2

This invention contributed to the success of the Renaissance culture and the Protestant Reformation.

Answer 2

The printing press

Question 3

One of Peter the Great’s key accomplishments was the development of the region along this sea’s coastline.

Answer 3

Baltic Sea

Question 4

This event led to the creation of constitutional, Anglican monarchs, parliamentary control over royal revenues and taxation & religious toleration for Puritans and Quakers.

Answer 4

The Glorious Revolution

Question 5

This scientist demonstrated how the universe works through explainable natural forces in Principia.

Answer 5

Isaac Newton

Question 6

This group of people experienced a decline in economic and political opportunities during the Italian Renaissance.

Answer 6

Upper class women

Question 7

This country was dominated by foreign powers from 1450 to 1550.

Answer 7

Italy

Question 8

This baroque palace was used by Louis XIV to control the nobility.

Answer 8

Versailles

Question 9

This explorer was the first to find an all-water route to India by rounding the southern tip of Africa.

Answer 9

Vasco da Gama

Question 10

This master of perspective built in Florence the then-largest dome in the world, known as Il Duomo.

Answer 10

Brunelleschi

Question 11

The caravel, astrolabe, lateen sail, and improved map making were technological innovations used for this purpose.

Answer 11

Navigation and Exploration

Question 12

Between 1689 and 1815, the central issue in European diplomacy was limiting the power of this country.

Answer 12

France

Question 13

The Italian Renaissance focused more on written works from these countries than the Northern Renaissance.

Answer 13

Greece and Rome

Question 14

This Dominican friar opposed the cruel acts committed against native peoples by Spanish Christians.

Answer 14

Bartolome de las Casas

Question 15

The work of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Edward Jenner’s research paved the way for control of this disease.

Answer 15

Smallpox

Question 16

This man founded the Society of Jesus and supported repressive measures in order to combat heresy within Catholic countries.

Answer 16

Ignatius Loyola

Question 17

This artistic style rejected Renaissance ideals by emphasizing dramatic action and emotion

Answer 17

Baroque

Question 18

This treaty recognized Calvinism in Germany, ended the influence of the HRE, recognized the independence of the Dutch and Switzerland, and gave some territory to Prussia.

Answer 18

Treaty of Westphalia

Question 19

This country had the most important trade and finance center during the early 1600s.

Answer 19

Dutch Republic

Question 20

Thus 16th c. Catholic figure promoted emotionalism and having a personal relationship with God.

Answer 20

Teresa of Avila

Question 21

This scientist was well known for his advances in the study of human anatomy.

Answer 21

Vesalius

Question 22

This artist perfected the use of chiaroscuro and humanistic individualism in his portrait paintings.

Answer 22

Leonardo da Vinci

Question 23

This war began when Parliament refused to grant tax increases to King Charles I and he arrested Parliament’s Puritan leaders.

Answer 23

English Civil War

Question 24

This religion was criticized for its corrupt practices like simony, pluralism, nepotism, and clerical ignorance.

Answer 24

The Catholic Church

Question 25

This city-state was the center of Renaissance culture in the 15th c.

Answer 25

Florence

Question 26

This marble sculptor glorified the human body with the free-standing contrapposto statue David.

Answer 26

Michaelangelo

Question 27

This scientist argued for empiricism and inductive reasoning in analyzing the physical world.

Answer 27

Francis Bacon

Question 28

This empire maintained control of southeastern Europe by conscripting Christian children into the bureaucracy and army.

Answer 28

The Ottoman Empire

Question 29

This event was the immediate cause of the Thirty Years' War.

Answer 29

Defenestration of Prague

Question 30

This ruler was the most successful in achieving long-term territorial expansion.

Answer 30

Catherine the Great

Question 31

This emperor posed the biggest obstacle to the spread of Protestantism in the 16th c.

Answer 31

Charles V

Question 32

This country had the greatest degree of religious tolerance in the 17th c. Europe which led to its economic prosperity.

Answer 32

Dutch Republic

Question 33

This philosopher argued that governments have the responsibility to rule with the consent of the people.

Answer 33

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 34

England's surplus population, natural resources, transportation system, and food supply led to this economic development.

Answer 34

Industrialization

Question 35

This group supported increased male suffrage during the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 35

The Chartists

Question 36

This treaty ended the Seven Years' War and left Spain and Britain as the dominant colonial powers in N. America.

Answer 36

Treaty of Paris

Question 37

These Protestant leaders maintained the sacraments of baptism and communion.

Answer 37

John Calvin and Martin Luther

Question 38

This bishop and theologian was the court preacher to Louis XIV and was a strong advocate for the divine right of kings and absolutism.

Answer 38

Jacques-Benigne Bossuet

Question 39

This was the least successful trade policy of Napoleon.

Answer 39

The Continental System

Question 40

This country was the first to introduce African slavery to the New World.

Answer 40

Portugal

Question 41

This ruler westernized Russia by changing its culture and improving its military.

Answer 41

Peter the Great

Question 42

This law was passed to reform English working conditions.

Answer 42

The Factory Act

Question 43

These wars caused continental Europe's industrialization to lag behind Britain.

Answer 43

The Napoleonic Wars

Question 44

"New monarchs" succeeded in reducing the power of this social class.

Answer 44

The Nobility

Question 45

This 1713 treaty ending the War of Spanish Succession represented a triumph in the containment of Louis XIV's expansion.

Answer 45

Treaty of Utrecht

Question 46

This ruler began Prussia's journey in the mid-17th c. towards becoming a great power.

Answer 46

Frederick William the Great Elector

Question 47

This religion was dominant in the most scientifically innovative countries.

Answer 47

Protestantism

Question 48

This 1598 proclamation by Henry IV allowed toleration for the Huguenots in France but was replaced by the Edict of Fountainbleu.

Answer 48

Edict of Nantes

Question 49

This belief system was represented by a secular view of the universe.

Answer 49

Deism

Question 50

This philosopher had a big impact on the practices of Fredrick the Great.

Answer 50

Voltaire

Question 51

This parliamentary rule led to the collapse of the Polish kingdom in the 18th c.

Answer 51

Liberum veto

Question 52

This council reaffirmed traditional doctrine and reformed abuses within the Roman Catholic Church.

Answer 52

The Council of Trent

Question 53

This type of economy was strongly disliked by Adam Smith

Answer 53

Mercantilism

Question 54

In Eastern Europe, the nobles had much greater control over this group of people than they did in Western Europe.

Answer 54

Peasants

Question 55

These rulers were similar in their use of practical compromise to solve political problems.

Answer 55

Henry IV of France and Elizabeth I of England

Question 56

This country dominated European elite culture in the late 17th c.

Answer 56

France

Question 57

This act led to changes in English land and demographic shifts among the peasantry.

Answer 57

Enclosure Act

Question 58

This Protestant church created by Henry VIII taught that salvation could be achieved through "good works."

Answer 58

Anglican Church

Question 59

This class of society experienced an increase in their political and economic influence during the Commercial Revolution.

Answer 59

The middle class

Question 60

Catherine the Great, Peter the Great, Joseph II, and Napoleon I all sought to rule as this type of ruler.

Answer 60

An "enlightened monarch"

Question 61

This English-American Enlightenment philosopher supported the American Revolution and French Revolutions as well as the interests of the bourgeoisie.

Answer 61

Thomas Paine

Question 62

This innovation of the agricultural revolution led to dramatic increases in food production.

Answer 62

Crop rotation

Question 63

This group of people experienced an increase in their economic prosperity but still had few legal privileges.

Answer 63

The bourgeoisie

Question 64

A long term consequence of the Industrial Revolution was this group's decline in their financial contribution to the family income.

Answer 64

Women

Question 65

This country saw the largest number of its people migrate to the New World.

Answer 65

England

Question 66

This group of people maintained most of their gains from the French Revolution and Napoleonic eras.

Answer 66

The peasantry

Question 67

This country persistently tried to invade Austria between 1525 and 1700.

Answer 67

Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

Question 68

This German coalition facilitated increased trade among the German states.

Answer 68

Zollverein

Question 69

This woman was an important spokesperson for the increased rights of women during the French Revolution.

Answer 69

Olympe de Gouges

Question 70

This Eastern European country was the last to industrialize.

Answer 70

Russia

Question 71

Napoleon made this agreement with the pope in order to improve relations with the Roman Catholic Church.

Answer 71

The Concordat of 1801.

Question 72

Name at least two inventions that were essential to the development of the Industrial Revolution.

Answer 72

The steam engine, railroad, cotton gin, or puddling furnace.

Question 73

This outcome of the French Revolution was similar to that of the English Civil War.

Answer 73

The restoration of the ruling family.

Question 74

This legislative body was in place during the most radical phase of the French Revolution.

Answer 74

The National Convention

Question 75

This person was crowned in 1804 illustrating a shift toward increased absolutism in France.

Answer 75

Napoleon

Question 76

This philosophy supported laissez faire economic policies.

Answer 76

Classical liberalism

Question 77

This style of art is distinguished by its dramatic treatment of the subject, an oversized canvas, and intense use of light and shadow.

Answer 77

Baroque