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Radiology > Final Revision > Flashcards

Final Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Dental Radiography shows:

a. soft tissues
b. hard tissues

A

b. hard tissues

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2
Q

BTW is best used for?

A

interproximal caries and bone loss

you CANT see sinus

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3
Q

Best radiograph for fine details is?

A

BTW

-perpendicular to the teeth

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4
Q

Radiopaque means:

a. dark
b. white

A

b. white

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5
Q

Radiolucent means:

A

a. dark

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6
Q

To identify what kind of periapical radiograph you need to see:

A

which teeth are in the center of the xray

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7
Q

Which of these are radiopaque features?

a. metallic restoration
b. pulp
c. caries
d. LD
e. bone
f. granuloma
g. cyst/tumor
h. lesion
i. AMG
j. enamel
k. cervical burnout
l. mandibular canal
m. dentin
n. RCT
o. periodontal ligament
p. composite
q. foramen

A

a. metallic restoration
e. bone
i. AMG
j. enamel
n. RCT
p. composite
m. dentin

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8
Q

Which of these are radiolucent features?

a. metallic restoration
b. pulp
c. caries
d. LD
e. bone
f. granuloma
g. cyst/tumor
h. lesion
i. AMG
j. enamel
k. cervical burnout
l. mandibular canal
m. dentin
n. RCT
o. periodontal ligament
p. composite
q. foramen

A

b. pulp
c. caries
d. LD
f. granuloma
g. cyst/tumor
h. lesion
k. cervical burnout
l. mandibular canal
o. periodontal ligament
q. foramen

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9
Q

What happens with excessive vertical angulation?

A

shortened image

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10
Q

What happens with insufficient vertical angulation?

A

elongation

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11
Q

What happens with wrong horizontal angulation?

A

proximal contacts overlap, cone cutting

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12
Q

How to ensure correct vertical angulation?

A

up and down movement of PID

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13
Q

How deep is normal alveolar crest form DEJ?

A

less than 1.5 mm

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14
Q

Radiographs can show:

a. thickness of bone
b. depth of bone
c. position of bone

A

c. position of bone

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15
Q

What does MRI show?

A

soft tissues,TMJ disorders, salivary gland disease/tumor, metastatic diseases, oral cancer diagnosis

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16
Q

What does CBCT show?

A

bone detail, tumor, cysts, joint deficciency

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17
Q

What does CT show?

A

bone detail

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18
Q

Which cystic lesion is confused with benign odontogenic tumor?

A

Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) with Ameloblastoma

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19
Q

Which muscle is attached to external oblique ridge?

A

buccinator muscle

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20
Q

Which muscle is attached to internal oblique ridge?

A

mylohyoid muscle

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21
Q

Which are the peculiarities of panoramic radiography?

A
  1. structures are flattened and spread out
  2. real and ghost images -produced by panoramic structures
  3. single and double real images -produced by midline structures
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22
Q

Can we see temporal process on periapical xray?

A

no only on panoramic xray

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23
Q

Where can we find hamular notch?

A

between maxillary tuberosity and pterygoid plate

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24
Q

What are the EARLY bone changes?

A
  • crest looses cortication
  • crest fuzzy appearcance
  • crest blunts in anterior teeth
  • 1-3 mm bone loss
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25
Q

What are the MODERATE bone changes?

A
  • horizontal bone loss
  • vertical bone loss
  • osseus defects
  • 3-5 mm bone loss
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26
Q

What are the ADVANCED bone changes?

A
  • furcation involvement
  • large bony defects
  • periodontal abscess
  • bone loss > 5 mm
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27
Q

What is caries?

A

=bacterial disease in mouth

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28
Q

Which is the most common bacteria?

A

S mutans

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29
Q

What is plaque?

A

=a layer of bacteria and saliva

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30
Q

Decalcifying area on tooth looks like:

a. white
b. dark

A

a. white

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31
Q

Xrays are observed better:

a. enamel
b. dentin
c. pulp chamber

A

a. enamel
dentin less
pulp chamber even less

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32
Q

You can see on x-ray:

a. plaque
b. caries
c. calculus

A

b. caries

c. calculus

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33
Q

Where can we see recurrent caries on a radiograph?

A

under a restoration

34
Q

What other structures can we see on a maxillary periapical radiograph?

A

floor of maxillary sinus

35
Q

Periapical abscess vs periapical granuloma

A

histologically different

radiographically the same

36
Q

Most common type of cyst?

A

redicular cyst

37
Q

Second most common type of cyst?

A

dentigerous cyst

38
Q

Where does dentigerous cyst develop?

A

develops around a crown of an unerupted permanent supernumerary tooth

39
Q

What is the most significant characteristic of a cyst?

A
  • well defined, corticated borders (when we can distinguish healthy tissue from affected tissue)
  • uniform low density/radiolucent content/blending w/ surroundings (nothing but grey)
  • pushing instead of invading
40
Q

An acceptable x-ray panoramic must have:

A

a. all maxillofacial structures well centers in the fil
b. all teeth have to show a uniform sharpness -even distributed
c. all teeth and structures are magnified -uniform magnification
d. occlusal plane represents a smile line

41
Q

Where does radicular cyst grow?

A

At the root of the tooth

42
Q

What do T1 and T2 images show in MRI?

A

T1: fat
T2: body fluids

43
Q

Dentigerous cyst comes from / Most common feature of a dentigerous cyst?

A

an inflamed/ IMPACTED TOOTH

44
Q

Medical CT other names:

A

multislice CT, fan CT, MSCT

45
Q

What is a voxel?

A

=voxel element; piece of information in a 3D image

ex: MRI, medical CT, CBCT, ultrasound

46
Q

What is a pixel?

A

=piece of information in a digital image

47
Q

What is the association of pixel with image quality?

A

the more the pixels, the better the image quality

48
Q

What is the association of voxel with image quality?

A

the smaller the volume element, the higher the detail

49
Q

Which of the following are malignant diseases?

Which are the characteristic features of malignancies?

A
  • Irregular borders
  • Mixed appearance
  • Very aggressive behavior
  • Moth eaten appearance
50
Q

What kind of double real images do we have?

A

hard palate, soft palate, airway

51
Q

Which are the characteristic features of malignancies?

A
  • Irregular borders
  • Mixed appearance/content (not uniform)
  • Very aggressive behavior -they dont expand; they invade
  • Moth eaten appearance (difficult to distinguish where borders begin and stop -poorly defined)
  • Rapid growth
52
Q

What is the difference b/w a CBCT and a CT?

A

CBCT: uses a cone-shaped area detector that does not require patient movement, used for surigcal plannning, implant placement, cysts/tumors, quicker

CT: fan-shaped x-ray beams that rotate while the patient advances, more radiation, slower than CBCT

53
Q

What is the difference b/w an MRI and CT?

A

MRI: no radiation; uses magnetic field, needs H protons, super slow, soft tissue information
CT: ionizing radiation, quick, hard tissue(skeletal) information

54
Q

What is the difference b/w a CBCT and a CT?

A

CBCT: cone beam, used for surigcal plannning, implant placement, cysts/tumors
CT: fan shaped, more radiation

55
Q

What is Magnetic Resonance imaging?

A

=a non-invasive imaging technology that produces 3D anatomical images

56
Q

Magnetic properties of which atoms are we using to make an MRI?

A

H protons / H nuclei

57
Q

What is the difference b/w x-ray and an MRI?

A

x-ray uses ionizing radiation

MRI uses magnetic field

58
Q

If a cystic lesion contains fat or water which MRI should we use?

A

T2

59
Q

Dentigerous cyst can:

A

displace a tooth and cause resorption

60
Q

What are the disadvantages of an MRI?

A
  • special facilities: cant be placed near airports and they are big machines
  • artifacts: if there are metals we need to have plastic b/c magnet can pass through metals
  • expensive
  • lengthy examinates (super slow)
61
Q

What is a radicular cyst?

A

=inflammation started from a dead tooth

62
Q

What kind of cystic lesion is this?

A

My differential diagnosis is….1….2…..

63
Q

What does benign tumor mean?

A

=local; doesn’t spread to distal locations; doesn’t metastasize

64
Q

Ameloblastoma:

A
  • benign tumor
  • multilocular (numerous small chambers)
  • may look like a dentigerous cyst or OKC
65
Q

What are the postioning errors on a panoramic radiograph?

A

chin too far up, chin too far down, patient too fat back, patient too far forward

66
Q

What are the positioning errors on a panoramic radiograph?

A

chin too far up, chin too far down, patient too fat back, patient too far forward

67
Q

What happens if the chin is too far down?

A

exaggerated smile

68
Q

What happens if chin is far up?

A

smaller teeth

69
Q

What happens if patient is too forward?

A

anterior teeth narrow as fuck

70
Q

What happens if chin is far up?

A

(exaggerated sadness)

71
Q

What is arrested caries?

A

=carious lesion separated from the pulp by a thin opaque layer

72
Q

What is root caries?

A

=carious lesion below CEJ

73
Q

What are the advantages of an MRI?

A
  • excellent soft tissue contrast
  • high sensitivity in cancer diagnosis
  • elimination of standard contrast media
  • direct multi-plannar reformatting
74
Q

What are the contraindications of an MRI?

A
  • patients with pacemakers

- claustrophobic patients

75
Q

Where does an abcess go when it expands?

A

to cortical bone

76
Q

periapical cyst vs periapical granuloma

A

may look the same radiographically, but periapical cyst is bigger

77
Q

What is Radicular Cyst?

A

=cyst resulting from stimulation of epithelial cells which result in PDL by inflammatory products from a non-vital tooth

78
Q

What odontogenic cysts do you know?

dentigerous
mucous retention
odontogenic keratocyst
dernoid
paradental
aneurysmal bone
nasiolabial
radicular
simple bone
globulomaxillary
calcifying
nasopalatine
stafne bone
lateral periodontal
residual
A 
dentigerous
odontogenic keratocyst
paradental
radicular
lateral periodontal
residual
calcifying
79
Q

What non-odontogenic cysts do you know?

dentigerous
mucous retention
odontogenic keratocyst
dernoid
paradental
aneurysmal bone
radicular
simple bone
globulomaxillary
nasolabial
calcifying
nasopalatine
stafne bone
lateral periodontal
residual
A

dernoid
globulomaxillary
nasolabial
nasopalatine

80
Q

What pseudocysts do you know?

dentigerous
mucous retention
odontogenic keratocyst
dernoid
paradental
aneurysmal bone
radicular
simple bone
globulomaxillary
nasolabial
calcifying
nasopalatine
stafne bone
lateral periodontal
residual
A

stafne bone
aneurysmal bone
mucous retention
simple bone

81
Q

What non-odontogenic tumors do you know?

ectodermal
central odontogenic fibroma
benign cementoblastoma
pseudotumors
CEOT
ameloblastoma
odontoma
ameloblastic fibroma
mixed tumors
ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
mesodermal
odontogenic myxoma
adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
A

ectodermal
mixed tumors
mesodermal
pseudotumors

82
Q

What odontogenic tumors do you know?

ectodermal
central odontogenic fibroma
benign cementoblastoma
pseudotumors
CEOT
ameloblastoma
odontoma
ameloblastic fibroma
mixed tumors
ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
mesodermal
odontogenic myxoma
adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
A 
central odontogenic fibroma
benign cementoblastoma
CEOT
ameloblastoma
odontoma
ameloblastic fibroma
ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
odontogenic myxoma
adenomatoid odontogenic tumor

Radiology (1 decks)

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