Final Sem 2 Flashcards
(45 cards)
What types of ideas did the Renaissance of humanism stress
The importance of human achievement and human growth.
what was the driving philosophical concept behind the Renaissance
Humanism
what role do faith and good works play in Lutheranism
Taught salvation through faith alone, not good works.
what issues did martin luther have w/ the Catholic Church that he wanted reformed?
He didn’t like that people could buy forgiveness for their sins and go to heaven with indulgences
purpose of humanist education
To create well rounded citizens that possessed a variety of skills.
how did the invention of the printing press by Guttenberg impact literacy rates in Europe
It increased them by making reading more accessible
what were the major beliefs/philosophies of the Renaissance political theorist Machiavelli
Politics and government should never be influenced by morals and a leader always does what is best for the state.
what effects did the Atlantic slave trade have on Africa
Large diaspora of Africans and a destabilizing of African societies
Negative effects of the Columbian exchange
European agriculture caused deforestation/soil depletion in the Americas, large population boom in Afro-Eurasia due to access to calorie dense food, and rise of coercive labor systems like chattel slavery and the encomienda system
What was the Columbian exchange
The movement of goods between the “Old” and “New” Worlds, increasing global connection
Acc. to merchantialism, what did colonies exist to serve
They existed to serve their mother countries
Why did so many Europeans travel by sea instead of land to reach Asia
The Ottoman Turks took over Constantinople, making land travel difficult.
3 major motivations of European explorer to begin age of exploration
God, Gold, and Glory
What role did joint stock companies play in colonization during age of exploration & after
They largely funded and administered colonization projects by spilting the risk of international trade
Why were European diseases introduced to Natives so deadly
Indigenous communities lacked immunity to unfamiliar diseases.
What was an absolute monarchy
When monarchs have full power over the gov
What did many abs. monarchs in Europe to justify their power
They said they had divine right from god
How did the enlightenment ideas that a government’s power comes from the people, challenge the power of abs. monarchs
It challenges abs. monarchs because it would lead to them having less power if the people get it
How did the scientific rev. change how people study/research the world around them
it made it less religion-based, and more based around reasoning and mathematics
How did Isaac newton contrib. to the scientific revolution in how ppl viewed the universe
his laws of motion and development of calculus made predicting movement of visible objects accurate
What are the major enlightenment ideals/philosophies relating to gov.
Natural right and the belief that people should have the power
what were the major political revolutions that occured because of the enlightenment
French and American revolutions (North and Central)
How was industrialization’s impact on people and their role in the world different than previous technological innovations?
It affected a lot of people very quickly.
What role does competition play in free-market capitalism
Competition encourages companies to innovate and offer competitive wages.
