Final- Sensation and Perception

Question 1

What 3 things need to happen in order to feel sensations?

Answer 1

1: Detection
2: Transduction (translated to a message for the brain to understand)
3: Transmission (message must be sent to brain for analysis)

Question 2

What do sensory receptors do?

Answer 2

They respond to stimulation and energy from the world.

Question 3

What is bottom-up processing?

Answer 3

Our senses collect raw data from the external world. With the sensation, we start from scratch and we build up. (ex// the simple act of seeing letters without assigning meaning to them)

Question 4

What is top-down processing

Answer 4

The integration of our prior knowledge, experiences, and beliefs to create a perception of things. ex// reading through a typo

Question 5

What is the principle of Gestalt?

Answer 5

we are born with specific, predisposed, ways of organizing information so that it has utility

Question 6

What are gestalts 5 principles

Answer 6

1. principle of proximity states that objects that are close to one another will be grouped together.
2. principle of similarity states that objects that are physically similar to one another will be grouped together.
3. principle of closure states that people tend to perceive whole objects even when part of that information is missing.
4. principle of good continuation states that if lines cross each other or are interrupted, people tend to still see continuously flowing lines.
5. principle of common fate states that objects that are moving together will be grouped together.

Question 7

In order for us to see, light must enter the eye and it must reach the _______.

Answer 7

Retina.

Question 8

Where is the retina located?

Answer 8

The back of the eye.

Question 9

What are the sensory receptors of the eye?

Answer 9

Rods & Cones

Question 10

Bipolar cells are connected to ________ cells.

Answer 10

Ganglion.

Question 11

The axons of the ganglion cells are going to bunch up together, and they form ___ _______ ________.

Answer 11

The optic nerve.

Question 12

What does the optic nerve do?

Answer 12

It leaves the eye to transmit the information to the brain.

Question 13

What is the blind spot?

Answer 13

This is where the optic nerve leaves the eye.

Question 14

What does the fovea do?

Answer 14

It allows us to see fine details.

Question 15

What is the order of structures that light must travel to to be perceived

Answer 15

cornea > pupil > lens > retina

Question 16

What is the process of accommodation

Answer 16

determined by the distance between the lens and the object being viewed. When an object is close to you, your lens is thicker and rounder; as an object moves farther away, muscles attached to the lens relax and the lens elongates.

Question 17

What are Monocular cues

Answer 17

cues that only need one eye, can be represented on a two-dimensional canvas and help our eyes see depth

Question 18

What are thesix types of monocular cues

Answer 18

1. Occlusion occurs when one image partially blocks the view of a second object. The partially hidden object is seen as farther away than the whole object.
2. relative height. Objects closer to the horizon will appear farther away, and the greater the distance between the object and the horizon, the closer the object will appear.
3. Relative size: when two objects are of equal size, the one that is farther away will take up a smaller portion of the retina.
4. Perspective convergence: As parallel lines move away from us into the distance, they seem to converge or come closer together
5. familiar size: when we judge distances based on our knowledge of that object’s size.
6. Atmospheric perspective: when more distant objects appear hazy and often have a slight blue tint