Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL161 > FINAL: Skeletal System Function & Histology > Flashcards

FINAL: Skeletal System Function & Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the skeletal system

A

A dynamic system of connective tissue
Balance between production and remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of bones

A

Support
Protection
Movement
Electrolytes and Acid/Base balance
Blood cell differentiation (Hematopoiesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many bones are humans born with

A

Over 300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many bones do adults have

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

Small bones
Embedded within tendon where is passes over a joint
Ex: patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Wormian bones

A

Extra irregularly shaped bone pieces that occur within a suture in the cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What part of the long bone is this

A

Diaphysis (shaft)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the long bone is this

A

Epiphysis (end of long bone)
Top - proximal epiphysis
Bottom - distal epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What part of the long bone is this

A

Metaphysis (growth plate region)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What part of the long bone is this

A

Medullary cavity (filled with yellow bone marrow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What part of the long bone is this

A

Endosteum (inside)
- connective tissue lining medullary cavity
- contains osteogenic (bone-forming) cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What part of the long bone is this

A

Periosteum (outside)
- connective tissue covering bone but not the cartilage
- osteogenic (bone-forming) cells and blood vessels that nourish or help with repairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What part of the long bone is this

A

Articular cartilage
- covers joint to reduce friction & absorb shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two types of bone marrow

A

Red marrow and yellow marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is red marrow

A

Found at epiphysis of long bones & spongy bone
Site for hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is yellow marrow

A

Found within the medullary cavity
Stores fat

17
Q

What are the types of tissue that bones are composed of

A

Cartilage
Osseous tissue
Epithelium
Nerve
Blood forming tissue
Adipose
Dense connective tissue

18
Q

What is osseous tissue

A

Connective tissue normally called “bone”

19
Q

What are the 3 basic components of connective tissue

A

Cells
Fibers
Ground substance

20
Q

What makes up the matrix of connective tissue

A

50% ground substance
25% collagen fibers
25% water

21
Q

What does osseous tissue consist of

A

Bone cells with a mineralized matrix

22
Q

What are osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cells

A
  • stem cells
  • divide to replace themselves or to produce osteoblasts and osteocytes
  • found in periosteum, endosteum
23
Q

What are osteoblasts

A
  • secrete unmineralized bone matrix (osteoid)
  • some mature into osteocytes
24
Q

What are osteoids

A

Collagen, calcium-binding proteins

25
Q

What are osteocytes

A
  • mature bone cells
  • help maintain surrounding matrix
  • act as stress or strain sensors
  • communicate with other bone cells to regulate bone growth and resorption
26
Q

What are osteoclasts

A
  • cells of matrix destruction
  • derived from the same stem cells that become white blood cells
  • large, multinucleate cells
  • responsible for bone resporption (destruction)
27
Q

What does the osteon consist of

A

Concentric layers of bone matrix called lamellae surrounding a central canal (Haversian canal)

28
Q

What is the red arrow pointing to

A

The volkmann’s canal
- how Haversian canals are connected
- network of blood vessels

29
Q

Where are osteocytes located

A

Small pockets called lacunae

30
Q

What are the small channels that allow osteocytes to communicate with one another and receive nutrients

A

Canaliculi

31
Q

What is this red line pointing to on the osteon

A

Canaliculi

32
Q

What is this component of an osteon

A

Lamallae

33
Q

What is this component of an osteon

A

Haversian canal

34
Q

What is this component of an osteon

A

Lacunae with osteocytes inside

35
Q

What is the purpose of the harness of the matrix

A

To provide resistance to diffusion

36
Q

What happens to osteoblasts producing osteoid/matrix

A

They become trapped and differentiate into osteocytes

37
Q

Are there osteon in spongy bone

A

No true osteons in spongy bone

38
Q

What is this part of spongy bone

A

Trabeculae

BIOL161 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions