final study (chapter 1)

Question 1

How do you find protons neutrons and electrons?

Answer 1

Protons-Atomic #
Neutrons-Atomic mass- Atomic #
Electrons-Atomic #

Question 2

What is the difference between and element compound and mixture?

Answer 2

Element: a pure substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances
Compound: 2 or more substance that are chemically combined
Mixture: 2 or more substances that aren’t chemically combined

Question 3

What did Dalton theories

Answer 3

All elements are composed of atoms that cannot be divided
All atoms of the same element are exactly alike and have the same mass. Atoms of different elements are different and have different masses
An atom of one element cannot be changed into an atom of a different element. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed in any chemical change, only rearranged.
Every compound is composed of atoms of different elements, combined in a specific ratio.

Question 4

How is the periodic table organized

Answer 4

The periodic table organizes elements by their increasing atomic number, arranging them in horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (groups or families), reflecting their electronic structure and chemical properties.

Question 5

How are the elements arranged

Answer 5

Rows (periods) and columns (groups) based on their increasing atomic number (number of protons and electrons)

Question 6

Where are the Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids?

Answer 6

LEFT = Metals // Alkali metals (group 1), Alkaline earth metals (group 2) → most of the table is metals
RIGHT = Non Metals // mostly upper right
MIDDLE = TRANSITION // groups 3-12
FAR RIGHT = Halogens (group 17 - 2nd to last column), Noble gasses (group 18 - last column)
STAIR STEP = Metalloids

Question 7

What is the magic number for an element

Answer 7

8

Question 8

How do ionic bonds form?

Answer 8

Ionic bonds form as a result of the attraction between positive metal (positive) ions and nonmetal (negative ions).

Question 8

What are the 4 properties of ionic compounds

Answer 8

High Melting Points, ionic crystals, electrical conductivity, and solubility

Question 9

How do Covalent compound form

Answer 9

When two atoms share electrons: usually form between metal and nonmetal

Question 10

What are the three properties of covalent compounds?

Answer 10

Poor Conductivity
Low Melting and Boiling Points
Double and Triple Bonds

Question 11

What is the difference between a polar and nonpolar bond

Answer 11

Polar Bond: a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally
Nonpolar Bond: a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally