final study (chapter 3) Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is a solution, solvent, or solute?
Solution: a well mixed mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute
Solvent: part of a solution that is present in the largest amount
Solute: the substance that is present in a solution in the smaller amount and is dissolved by the solvent
What are examples of each?
Solution: tea
Solvent: water
Solute: tea bag/leaves, milk, cream, coffee grounds, etc.
What state of matter are solvents?
They can be any state of matter
What is a suspension and colloid?
Suspension: a mixture in which particles can be seen or easily separated by settling or filtration
Ex: Snowglobe, oil in water, and pepper in water etc.
Colloid: A mixture containing small undissolved particles that do not settle out
Ex: Milk, fog, paint, whipped cream, cream cheese, etc.
What is the Tyndall Effect?
The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid, making a light beam visible
What is concentration?
Concentration: the amount of one material in a certain volume of another material
How can you change the concentration?
You can change the concentration of a solution by adding more solute
Another way you can change it is by adding more solvent or removing the solvent depending on what the mixture is
How do you measure and calculate concentration?
To measure concentration, you can compare the total amount of solute to the amount of solvent or to the total amount of a solution
Proportion: Let c equal concentration. Amount of solute/amount of solvent or solution = c/100
What is solubility?
Solubility: is a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature
What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated solution?
Saturated Solution: no more solute will dissolve in the solvent, and the particles may float.
Unsaturated Solution: lots of solute will still dissolve in the solvent.
Which can dissolve more in water: salt or sugar?
Sugar because it has a higher solubility
How can you use solubility?
Solubility can be used to help identify a substance because it is a characteristic property of matter
You can also calculate the solubility of a substance to identify what it is
What factors affect solubility?
the nature of the solute and solvent, temperature, pressure (especially for gases), and surface area of the solute.
What are the four properties of acids
Sour taste
2. Reactions with Carbonates
3. React with active metals
4. Reactions with indicators
What are the four properties of bases?
- Taste bitter
- Feel slippery
- Reactions with indicators
- React with bases
What are some uses of acids and bases?
Uses of acids: construction, mining, housework, gardening
Uses of bases: Cleaning chemicals, making food, gardening, construction
What kinds of ions do acids and bases form in water?
Acids
Hydrogen ions
Negative ions
Bases
Positive ions
Hydroxide ions which is a negative ion
How do you determine whether something is an acid or base just by looking at the formula?
The formulas give you clues to what ions they have in common
How can you find a substance’s pH?
Use either a pH meter for a precise reading or pH test paper or indicator sticks for a quick, less precise estimate
What does the pH tell you?
The pH scale tells you that the concentration of hydrogen ions is high
In contrast, a high pH tells you that the concentration of ions is low
What are some examples of acids and bases?
Acids
Hydrochloric acid
Lemon juice
Vinegar
Tomatoes
Sodas
Leafy Vegetables
Bases:
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Ammonia
Baking soda
Toothpaste
Dishwash soap
What are the reactants and products in a neutralization reaction?
Reactants: acids and bases
Product: salt and water
How can you predict if a substance will be more acidic or basic when a neutralization reaction occurs?
Look at the pH.
What conducts electricity when dissolved in water?
Salt
