Final Study Guide

Question 1

What 3 things are needed to start and sustain a fire?

Answer 1

fuel, heat, oxygen

Question 2

Describe ergonomics.

Answer 2

applied science used to promote the safety and well-being of a person by adapting the environment and using techniques to prevent injuries

Question 3

What 4 things do microorganisms need to grow and reproduce?

Answer 3

food, moisture, darkness, warm environment

Question 4

What are the 6 chains in the chain of infection?

Answer 4

causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

Question 5

causative agent

Answer 5

pathogen that causes a disease (bacteria or parasite)

Question 6

reservoir

Answer 6

area where causative agent lives (human body)

Question 7

portal of exit

Answer 7

way for the causative agent to escape from the reservoir in which it has been growing; urine, feces, saliva, blood, tears, sexual secretions, or draining wounds

Question 8

mode of transmission

Answer 8

way that the causative agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host; direct or indirect

Question 9

portal of entry

Answer 9

way for the causative agent to enter a new reservoir (breaks in skin or mucus membranes in body)

Question 10

susceptible host

Answer 10

person likely to get an infection or disease because of weakened body defenses

Question 11

Why is warm water used during handwashing?

Answer 11

Warm water creates the best lather.

Question 12

types of fires

Answer 12

Water: pressurized water, (class A fires)
Carbon dioxide: cloud, cool ice or snow that displaces air and oxygen (class B or C)
Dry chemical (ABC): smothers fire (class A, B, or C)
Halon**: gas interferes with chemical reaction of burning fuel (Class B or C)

Question 13

classes of fires

Answer 13

Class A: fires of combustible (paper, cloth, plastic, wood)
Class B: flammable liquids (gasoline, oil, paint, grease)
Class C: electrical fires (fuse boxes, appliances, wiring and electrical outlets)
If possible turn off electricity before use.
Class D**: used on burning or combustible metals-magnesium, titanium, sodium
Class K: vegetable oils, animal oils, or fats in cooking appliances.
Located: commercial kitchens (restaurants, cafeterias, and caterers )
Class ABC: class A, B, and C combined

Question 14

four main types of infections

Answer 14

Endogenous: infection or disease originates within the body (tumors)
Exogenous: infection or disease originates outside the body (trauma or electric shock)
Nosocomial: infection acquired by an individual in a healthcare facility such as a hospital (pneumonia while laying in bed)
Opportunistic: infections occur when the body’s defenses are weak (AIDS pt developing pneumonia)

Question 15

premium

Answer 15

the amount of money taken out of each paycheck of the individual in order to pay for insurance coverage; fee the individual pays for insurance coverage

Question 16

deductible

Answer 16

amount that must be paid by the patient for medical services before the policy begins to pay

Question 17

co-payment

Answer 17

a specific amount of money a patient pays for particular service, regardless total cost

Question 18

co-insurance

Answer 18

a patient may have met the required amount and insurance will begin to cover, but they will only cover a specific percentage of the expense such as an 80/20; a specific amount of money that insurance pays for healthcare in addition to what you pay

Question 19

medicare

Answer 19

health insurance for anyone 65 or older or for those who have been disabled for at least 2 years or those with end stage renal disease

Question 20

medicaid

Answer 20

health insurance for people with low income, children who may qualify, or those who are physically disabled or blind

Question 21

Geriatric care will experience a rapid ________ (increase or decrease) in the future.

Answer 21

increase

Question 22

Is outpatient care more or less expensive than in-patient care?

Answer 22

less

Question 23

Early intervention and preventative services are ______ (more or less) cost-effective than treating the illness after it has occurred.

Answer 23

more

Question 24

rehab centers

Answer 24

provide care for individuals with physical or mental handicaps to allow maximum self-care and function

Question 25

mental health facilities

Answer 25

provide guidance, counseling, and chemical abuse treatment centers

Question 26

long term care

Answer 26

provide assistance and care for elderly or disabled people

Question 27

hospice care

Answer 27

provide care for terminally ill persons

Question 28

dialysis clinic

Answer 28

provides care for people with kidney issues (disease or failure)

Question 29

What is the major difference between complementary and alternative medicine?

Answer 29

Complementary is used in addition to standard medicine and alternative is used instead of standard medicine.

Question 30

_________ teaches deep breathing and muscle relaxation in order to stimulate better muscle reflexes.

Answer 30

meditation

Question 31

_______ use a small amount of diluted drugs in order to invoke an immune system response.

Answer 31

homeopaths

Question 32

What type of therapy do naturopaths use? Give examples.

Answer 32

They use natural therapies such as fasting, special diets, lifestyle changes, and supportive approaches to promote healing. They avoid the use of surgery or medicinal agents to treat disease.

Question 33

Heat and electrical stimulation may be applied to needles during the use of _______.

Answer 33

acupuncture

Question 34

ayurveda

Answer 34

natural system of medicine; based on the idea that disease is due to imbalance of stress; used to regain balance to the mind and body

Question 35

yoga

Answer 35

hindu discipline that uses concentration, specific positions, and ancient ritual movements to maintain the balance and flow of life; believed to encourage the use of both the body and mind to achieve a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility; used to improve spiritual enlightenment and well-being, develop an awareness of the body to improve coordination, relieve stress and anxiety, and increase muscle tone

Question 36

Tai Chi

Answer 36

a series of sequential, slow, graceful, and precise body movements that increase energy flow throughout the body; based on the belief that health is in harmony with nature and the universe and a balanced state of yin and yang; used to improve stamina, balance, coordination, and leads to a sense of well-being; also used to treat digestive disorders, stress, depression, and arthritis

Question 37

meditation

Answer 37

therapy that teachers breathing and muscle relaxation techniques to quiet the mind by focusing attention on obtaining a sense of oneness within oneself; based on the idea that the mind can be focused by obtaining a sense of oneness within oneself; used to reduce stress and pain, slow heart rate, lower blood pressure, and stimulate reaction

Question 38

Vaccines: What disease can be contracted through a cut in skin?

Answer 38

tetanus- DTAP treats

Question 39

Vaccines: Given to teens to prevent STD

Answer 39

HPV vaccines

Question 40

Vaccines: What disease causes toxins to be released in back of throat, prevents swallowing/breathing?

Answer 40

diphtheria

Question 41

Vaccines: disease that causes multiple blisters that can lead to septicemia

Answer 41

varicella (chicken pox)

Question 42

Tests: What disease does PSA/digital rectal exam prevent/detect?

Answer 42

prostate cancer

Question 43

Tests: When should SBEs/mammograms be started?

Answer 43

SBEs: late teens-20 Mammograms: 50

Question 44

Tests: cholesterol screening helps to prevent

Answer 44

stroke or heart attack (blocked arteries)

Question 45

What are the signs of a severe allergic reaction?

Answer 45

trouble breathing, swelling of the face and tongue, hives, and person may stop responding

Question 46

If someone falls down and then becomes sleepy/confused, vomits, or complains of a headache, this may be a sign of:

Answer 46

head injury

Question 47

Someone bitten by an insect/bee may have a severe allergic reaction and should be watched for at least ___ minutes.

Answer 47

30

Question 48

A person with a/an __________ is usually awake and can talk but may have pain or pressure in the chest.

Answer 48

heart attack

Question 49

The warning signs of _______ include sudden numbness/weakness of face, arm, or leg, especially on one side.

Answer 49

stroke

Question 50

If a dressing becomes soaked with blood what should you do?

Answer 50

You should leave the soaked one on and put more dressings on top. If you take the soaked one off, it will remove the blood clot that is stopping the flow of blood.

Question 51

How do you treat a person having a seizure?

Answer 51

Remove nearby objects, monitor the person, comfort the person, check for medical jewelry, loosen clothing, etc.

Question 52

A person with a nosebleed should lean:

Answer 52

forward

Question 53

If a large stick or knife has been pushed into someone’s body, what should you do with the object?

Answer 53

leave it in

Question 54

You are caring for a child with a painful, blistered arm from hot liquid. What should you do?

Answer 54

You should take the child to the sink and put cold, but not ice cold, water over the burn until the pain goes away.

Question 55

What term is used to describe how both eyes work together in sync?

Answer 55

binocular

Question 56

What is the pathway for air as it is breathed in?

Answer 56

Nose→trachea→bronchi→bronchioles→alveoli (air sacs)

Question 57

What term is used to describe how the eyes adjust for seeing objects at various distances?

Answer 57

accomodation

Question 58

Arteries carry _______ blood ______ from the heart while veins carry _______ blood ______ the heart.

Answer 58

oxygenated, away; deoxygenated, towards

Question 59

A pulse rate above 100 beats per minute in an adult is _________.

Answer 59

tachycardic

Question 60

This type of pulse is measured by listening over the heart with a stethoscope.

Answer 60

apical

Question 61

What is the name given to the "colored" part of the eye?

Answer 61

iris

Question 62

What are the purposes of the integumentary system?

Answer 62

largest organ system, protects against injury and dehydration, intact skin defends against invading microorganisms, temperature regulation, and touch receptor; includes skin, hair, nails, and glands

Question 63

To decrease light, eye muscles _______ and make the pupil _______ but in order to increase light, the muscles ________ and make the pupil ________.

Answer 63

contract, smaller; dilate/expand, bigger

Question 64

What are some important tasks to remember related to daily weighing?

Answer 64

weigh at the same time daily, on the same scale, before eating or drinking, empty the bladder before weighing, any disease?

Question 65

Complete the basic principle: Respect the patient's choice to die ________ and with ________ in accordance with directives.

Answer 65

peacefully, dignity

Question 66

Jennifer brings her new friend Anna to a girls’ dinner. A few days later, Tiffany calls to schedule another girls’ night but asks that Anna not come because the other girls did not have anything to talk to Anna about since she did not go to college. This is an example of ____.

Answer 66

bias

Question 67

________ care provides for the well-being of the person through physical, social, emotional and mental needs.

Answer 67

holistic

Question 68

Bailey is a 22 yo college student who requests that her family be contacted in order for them to help her make a decision about a surgery she needs. She provides a list of her mom, dad and brother. You recognize this as a _______ family.

Answer 68

nuclear

Question 69

You are needing to do morning rounds on patients. You enter into the first room and see the patient kneeling on a mat next to the bed, you should _______.

Answer 69

leave and return later (muslim is praying to Allah)

Question 70

An _______ is an individual who believes that the existence of God cannot be proved or disproved.

Answer 70

agnostic

Question 71

You are taking care of a patient who is really concerned about his recent diagnosis and asks if he can call his Shaman to come and pray/meditate with him, you recognize that his beliefs about healthcare are centered around ________ culture.

Answer 71

native american

Question 72

When Ron entered into Mrs. M’s room, her husband quickly asks, “Are you going to be my wife’s nurse? Is there not another nurse that can help us?” Ron does not get offended by realizes it is because of their _________ culture.

Answer 72

middle eastern

Question 73

Mr. K winces every time you try to reposition his broken leg while he is laying in the bed but he refuses pain medication because his ______ culture sees displaying pain publicly as a disgrace.

Answer 73

asian

Question 74

You enter into Mr. H’s room to see him meditating with his wrist beads. He mutters something about Karma and that he doesn’t understand his stage 4 cancer diagnosis since he has been a good person. You recognize this as part of his religion of _________.

Answer 74

buddhism

Question 75

acceptance of criticism

Answer 75

realizing everyone has room for improvement and listening to advice given by others

Question 76

discretion

Answer 76

using good judgement in what you say and do

Question 77

tact

Answer 77

having the ability to say or do the kindest of most fitting things in a difficult situation

Question 78

self-motivation

Answer 78

being able to begin and follow through with a task, determine things needing to be done without constant direction

Question 79

competence

Answer 79

being qualified and capable of performing a task

Question 80

empathy

Answer 80

being able to identify with and understand another’s feelings, situations, and motives

Question 81

dependability

Answer 81

reliable to be prompt in completing assigned tasks accurately

Question 82

What are the 3 essential elements involved in the communication process?

Answer 82

Sender: an individual who creates a message to convey information or an idea to another person Message: information, ideas, or thoughts Receiver: an individual who receives the message from the sender

Question 83

______ is the exchange of information, thoughts, ideas and feelings.

Answer 83

communication

Question 84

______ is a method used to evaluate if the communication was successful.

Answer 84

feedback

Question 85

________ data (can measure; visible to others; fact) is called signs while ________ data (cannot be observed by others) is called symptoms.

Answer 85

objective, subjective

Question 86

_________ communication involves the use of facial expressions, gestures and eye contact.

Answer 86

non-verbal

Question 87

objective data examples

Answer 87

vital signs, physical examination findings, and laboratory results

Question 88

subjective data examples

Answer 88

a patient's pain level and their descriptions of symptoms