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FINAL Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 3 countries in the Triple Entente

A

Great Britain, France, and Russia

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2
Q

What were the 3 countries in the Central Powers

A

Germany, Austria Hungary, and Bulgaria

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3
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A

The German military strategy to quickly defeat France and then then focus on Russia in the East

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4
Q

Although the Allies won the War, what country did not enjoy the benefits because it surrendered to Germany almost a year before Germany was defeated?

A

Russia

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5
Q

The spark that started the War occurred when the future leader of what region was assassinated?

A

Archduke Ferdinand, who was supposed to be the future leader of Austria-Hungary

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6
Q

On which front did the Germans battle the French?

A

Western Front

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7
Q

What is the estimated human costs on the WWI battlefields?

A

8.5 million soldiers dead, 21 million wounded

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8
Q

What treaty between the Allied powers and Germany was signed exactly 5 years after the assassination of Francis Ferdinand?

A

Treaty of Versailles

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9
Q

What was the final straw that brought the U.S. into WWI against Germany? What was the name of the message from Germany to Mexico?

A

Zimmerman note/telegraph

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10
Q

Decade of the BOOM

A

1920’s

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11
Q

Decade of the BUST

A

1930’s

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12
Q

What war followed the Bust

A

WWII

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13
Q

What percent of Americans in 1929 had no savings at all?

A

80%

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14
Q

What was a major cause of the Great Depression because of the artificially manipulated interest rates?

A

Smoot Hawley Tariff

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15
Q

How many pigs were slaughtered or burned when many Americans were hungry and out of work?

A

6.4 million

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16
Q

What comes close to the highest rate of unemployment during the Great Depression?

A

25%

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17
Q

What 5 states were directly affected by the Dust Bowl

A

Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska

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18
Q

What were Hoovervilles

A

Small shack towns made mostly of cardboard

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19
Q

What was the Bonus Army

A

A movement of WWI veterans who gathered in DC to demand their service bonus early

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20
Q

During the mid-to-late 1920s (even before the Great Depression Started), how were farmers affected by the low prices of wheat?

A

Much of the Roaring ’20s was a continual cycle of debt for the American farmer, stemming from falling farm prices and the need to purchase expensive machinery

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21
Q

“Buying on margin”

A

Getting a loan and investing the money

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22
Q

What is social security?

A

a government system that provides financial assistance to people with little to no income

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23
Q

Who were the 2 presidents during the Great Depression

A

Hoover and FDR

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24
Q

What was a flapper?

A

A new style that consisted of women wearing shorter skirts, shorter hair (bobbed). and listening or dancing to jazz

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25
"The chief business of the American people is _______" - ___________
business, Calvin Coolidge
26
This section featured information about the New Deal
Great Depression (parts one and two)
27
This section focused on Communism and its spread to the USA
Red Scare
28
This section was about the first Transatlantic flight
Lucky Lindy
29
This section described and incident where science came into conflict with religious belief
Monkey Trial
30
This section featured information about Louis Armstrong
All That Jazz
31
What 3 countries were ruled by fascist dictators by the end of the 1930's
Spain, Italy, and Germany
32
What was the earliest incident leading up to WWII in Asia?
Japan invading Manchuria in 1931
33
What 2 world leaders signed a nonaggression pact one week before the invasion on Poland that started WWII?
Hitler and Stalin (they secretly divided Poland among themselves)
34
What were the 3 factors that kept countries from challenging the expanding Axis empires
a global depression, memories of WWI, and the belief in isolationism
35
What happened at the Munich Conference of 1938?
The settlement gave Germany the Sudetenland starting Oct 10, and take over the rest of Czechoslovakia as long as Hitler promised to go no further. He went further.
36
What were the 3 major Axis Powers in WWII
Germany, Italy, and Japan
37
What was the Maginot Line and why did it fail
An array of defenses along France's border, it was immobile and it assumes the ardennes were impenatrable
38
What does "D-Day" refer to?
The Allied forces invading Northern France
39
What was the German war strategy used in WWII to overwhelm the enemy?
Blitzkrieg
40
What battle is considered the major turning point in the war against Japan in the Pacific?
The Battle of Midway
41
Around how many Jews were put to death as a result of Hitler’s Final Solution?
6 million
42
What battle was Hitler's last major offensive in Europe? Was is succesful?
Battle of the Bulge, not succesful
43
What were the 3 mistakes of Hitler during WWII
Declaring war on the USA, invading Russia, and investing so many resources into the Holocaust
44
Which country saw the largest number of Jews killed in the Holocaust
Poland
45
What was the codename of the beach where Operation Overlord met the most resistance by the Germans?
Omaha Beach
46
What were the 2 Japanese cities that were sites of atomic explosions?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
47
What country saw the most casualties during WWII
USSR
48
What organization was created after WWII to prevent another war from starting?
United Nations (1945)
49
What battle cost the USSR over one million soldiers and it put the Germans on the defensive on the Russian front?
Battle of Stalingrad
50
What is Karl Marx most famous for?
Creating communism and marxism
51
Who was the first leader of the USSR
Vladimir Lenin
52
Who was the most infamous leader of the USSR
Josef Stalin
53
Totalitarianism v. Communism
Communism - economic, believes in the common ownership of everything Totalitarianism - political, believes in state ownership Both - have control methods, basic principles, and government philosophies
54
What was the Iron Curtain
A semi-imaginary line that divided Europe into 2 parts after WWII
55
What was the Truman Doctrine
A containment system for communism
56
What was the Marshall Plan?
Billions of dollars in aid given to 16 nations after WWII
57
Who won the Civil War (Mao Zedong and the communists v. Chiang Kai-shek and the nationalists)
Mao Zedong and the communists
58
Who was Joe McCarthy?
a senator who tried to expose communism in American life
59
What was McCarthyism
Making wild accusations (of communists) without evidence
60
Who helped stop McCarthy and how?
Edward R. Murrow, he was a pioneer of radio and television news broadcasting. He produces a series of reports on his television program "See It Now" which helped lead to the punishment of Joe McCarthy
61
When did Dwight D. Eisenhower serve as president?
1953-1961
62
Who explained "military-industrial complex" and what does it mean
Eisenhower, it means a network of institutions involved in the production of weapons and military technology
63
When did Nikita Khrushchev lead the USSR
1953-1964
64
Who was Fidel Castro?
The president of Cuba (1959-2008)
65
What was the "Bay of Pigs Invasion"? Was it successful?
On April 17th, the Cuban-exile invasion force landed at beaches along the Bay of Pigs and immediately came under the heavy fire. Cuban planes strafed the invaders, sank 2 escort ships, and destroyed half of the exile's air support. Not successful
66
Which president came up with the "New Frontier"
JFK
67
When did LBJ serve as president
Nov 22 1963 - Jan 20 1969
68
Who would have been elected if elections were held after the "temporary" division in 1955
Ho Chi Minh
69
Ho Chi Minh
a communist leader in vietnam who fought against the USA and South Vietnamese with support from China and the USSR
70
"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" - _________
Ronald Reagan
71
How many US soldiers were killed in Vietnam
60,000
72
What was the result of the First Gulf War? (ended in March 1991)
Kuwait was liberated from the military Iraq
73
What does Guns and Butter mean?
War/Military and welfare
74
Who was John Henry Hammond?
an American record producer, civil rights activist, and music critic
75
Who were 3 famous musicians John Henry Hammond discovered?
Billie Holiday, Aretha Franklin, Bob Dylan
76
What did the Domino Theory do
It convinced JFK to intervene more in Vietnam to stop the spread of communism
77
What effect did the Tet Offensive have on the American Public
it weakened US public support for the war in Vietnam
78
Which US president was in office when the Gulf of Tonkin Incident occurred?
LBJ
79
What happened in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident and how did the US government respond
International confrontation that led to the US engaging more directly in the Vietnam War. President LBJ requested permission from the US Congress to increase the US military presence in Indochina
80
Which president was in power when the USA recognized of Communist China
Nixon
81
Which Cold War president was the most suspicious of big government domestic programs?
Ronald Reagan
82
What was the Tiananmen Incident of 1989
Troops armed with assault rifles and tanks fired at citizens, several hundreds dies
83
What countries were part of the Communist side of the bloc (there's 8)
Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia
84
What was the term "evil empire" directed at and by who?
Russia, by Ronald Reagam
85
Which Cold War president of the USA could be described as a realist as opposed to an idealist?
Nixon
86
Which countries make up French Indochina
Vietnam. Cambodia, and Laos
87
What is the connection between Brown v. Board of Education and Plessey v. Ferguson?
Brown V. Board of Education overturned Plessey V. Ferguson by saying “separate but equal” was unconstitutional
88
What was Jackie Robinson most famous for
Baseball
89
Rosa Parks created the spark that led to the famous bus boycott where?
Montgomery
90
How did Thurgood Marshall make history twice?
First as a lawyer- he became the nation's first black United States Supreme Court Justice. The as a judge - he argued the historic 1954 Brown v. Board of Education speech, "separate but equal"
91
How did Gandhi influence MLK Jr?
He drew heavily on the Gandhian idea of nonviolence in his own activism
92
Where did MLK give his famous "I Have a Dream" speech?
The steps of the Lincoln Memorial
93
The Little Rock 9 brought integration to what type of school in which state?
An all white school in Arkansas. 9 black students were brought into the all white high school by the Federal Government
94
"Bull" Connor was the infamous police chief in which city/state
Birmingham, Alabama
95
What was the estimated attendance to the 1963 Civil Rights Movement "March on Washington"
250,000
96
How long was the march from Selma to Montgomery
54 miles
97
Who is the tallest monument in DC dedicated to?
George Washington
98
What was the most important event in the 1920's
The boom
99
What was the most important event in the 1930's
The Great Depression/Bust
100
What was the most important event in the 1940's
WWII
101
What was the most important event in the 1950's
The Korean War
102
What was the most important event in the 1960's
The Moon Landing
103
What was the most important event in the 1970's
The Vietnam War Ends

Social Studies (2 decks)

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