Final Study Guide

Question 1

What does forensic mean?

Answer 1

“Public”

Question 2

(Find) What are forensic scientist responsibilities?

Question 3

(Find) How do you become a forensic scientist?

Question 4

Public forensic lab

Answer 4

Only for the use of state prosecutors, police, and detectives (government use only). Can provide different types of services.

Question 5

Private forensic lab

Answer 5

Independently own and operated, use available to the public, generally only provides one type of service.

Question 6

(Find) What happens at a crime scene?

Question 7

(Find) What is the chain of custody?

Question 8

What are ethical issues that forensic scientists deal with?

Answer 8

Both science and laboratory ethical issues; laboratory analytical procedures, professional credentials, reporting and interpretation, reactive vs. proactive, crime scene participation limited, seen as law enforcement tool, managed by police personnel

Question 9

What is quality assurance control?

Answer 9

Set of processes that can evaluate a laboratory and its personnel to determine if they are achieving or maintaining a given level of quality.

Question 10

ASCLD

Answer 10

American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors; nonprofit society of directors aimed at improving and maintaining quality and standards of forensic science labs.

Question 11

ABC

Answer 11

American Board of Criminalists; Accredits forensic scientists

Question 12

OSAC

Answer 12

Organization of Scientific Area Committees; Support development of forensic science through specific committees aimed at various areas and issues.

Question 13

AAFS

Answer 13

American Academy of Forensic Science; Developed forensic science code of ethics.

Question 14

FEPAC

Answer 14

Forensic Science Education Programs Accreditation Commission; provided accreditation to forensic schools and programs.

Question 15

ASTM

Answer 15

American Society for Testing Materials; Developes and provides standard testing materials and products.

Question 16

ANAB

Answer 16

American national standards institute national accreditation board; Accredits forensic science labs.

Question 17

What is demonstrative evidence?

Question 18

What is Locard’s principle?

Question 19

What are false positives and negatives?

Question 20

What are negative and positive controls?

Question 21

How can evidence be individualized?

Question 22

What is real vs. demonstrative evidence?

Question 23

Who makes the decision of evidence validity?

Question 24

Who decides if an expert testimony is needed?

Question 25

What is admissibility of evidence?

Question 26

Federal Rule of Evidence 401

Question 27

Federal Rule of Evidence 402

Question 28

Federal Rule of Evidence 403

Question 29

Federal Rule of Evidence 702

Question 30

Explain the Frye case.

Question 31

Explain the Daubert case.

Question 32

When is an autopsy done?

Question 33

What is done during an autopsy?

Question 34

How does the subpubic bone determine sex?

Question 35

What parts of an anthropological can and can not be determined?

Question 36

Taphonomy

Question 37

Anthropology

Question 38

How are skeletal remains excavated and recovered?

Question 39

How do human and animal bones differ?

Question 40

What is used to determine between human and animal bones?

Question 41

Rigor mortis

Question 42

Pallor mortis

Question 43

Liver mortis

Question 44

Petechiae

Question 45

Algor mortis

Question 46

Stages of death

Question 47

Manner of death

Question 48

Cause of death

Question 49

Modes of death

Question 50

Factors of estimated pmi

Question 51

What is the most influential factor of estimating PMI?

Answer 51

Temperature?

Question 52

What does a forensic entomologist do?

Question 53

Stages of decay

Question 54

What animal model is used to represent human decomposition?

Answer 54

Pig

Question 55

How are bones used to calculate victim’s height?

Question 56

What is an instar?

Question 57

What are the stages of instar?

Question 58

How can you calculate PMI with maggots sizes?

Question 59

What are the most common insects found on dead bodies?

Question 60

What order do insects arrive and a dead body and why?

Question 61

Odontology

Question 62

What are common sources of impression evidence?

Question 63

What is a 2D and 3D impression and how are they handled at crime scenes?

Question 64

How are serial numbers restored in different types of materials?

Question 65

What type of casting is used for different types of impression media?

Question 66

Positive impression

Question 67

Negative impression

Question 68

What is rifling?

Question 69

What are striations?

Question 70

How is firearm/toolmark evidence analyzed and what is determined?

Question 71

What do firearm/toolmark examiners do?

Question 72

Latent prints

Question 73

Patent prints

Question 74

Plastic prints

Question 75

How are fingerprints individualized?

Question 76

How are fingerprints left behind?

Question 77

How is handwriting diguised?

Question 78

Difference between request and non request exemplar?

Question 79

What causes eraseres in documents and how is it detected/restored?

Question 80

What causes obliteration in documents and how is it detected/restored?

Question 81

What causes charring in documents and how is it detected/restored?

Question 82

What causes indent writing in documents and how is it detected/restored?

Question 83

Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA)

Question 84

Alternating Light Source (UV/IR)

Question 85

Types of computers involved in crime casework

Question 86

What is the first step in analyzing a crime scene?

Question 87

What are the different types of computer crimes?

Question 88

Hardware

Question 89

Software

Question 90

What are the proper procedures when handing computer evidence?

Question 91

Examples of “mobile” devices

Question 92

How are mobile devices used in forensic analysis?

Question 93

What types of evidence can be identified on a mobile device?