Final Study Guide

Question 0

Deviants from a structural functionalist?

Answer 0

• Clarifies moral boundaries.
• Promote social unity.
• Encourages social change.

Question 1

Deviance?

Answer 1

• Behaviors, traits, or beliefs that violate a social norm.
• Can be pos. or neg.
• Varies across a culture, time, & situation.
• Not simply a behavior, it’s a moral judgement.

Question 2

Deviants from a conflict perspective?

Answer 2

• Who’s empowered to make the laws and label criminal activity.
• Norms reflect interest of rich and powerful.
• Powerful have resources to resist deviant labels.
• Believes that norms and laws are natural and good mask politician characters.

Question 3

Deviants from a symbolist perspective?

Answer 3

• Frequency of association is central to the development of deviance.
• If associates are prone to violation of norms, the one is also more likely to take part.

Question 4

Primary deviance?

Answer 4

Actually breaking the rule.

Question 5

Secondary deviance?

Answer 5

The process that occurs when a person who has been labeled deviant except that identity and continues the deviant behavior.

Question 6

Stratification?

Answer 6

A system by which a society ranks categories of people and a hierarchy.

Question 7

Four principles of stratification?

Answer 7

1) Traits of society
2) Persists over generations
3) Universal but not variable
4) Involves not just inequality but beliefs

Question 8

Income?

Answer 8

What you make. (Job/investment)

Question 9

Wealth?

Answer 9

What you have/own. (debts - assets)

Question 10

Riches 20% of Americans own ____ of you as wealth?

Answer 10

60%

Question 11

Income inequality is getting ______.

Answer 11

Bigger

Question 12

Wealth is distributed more _____ then income.

Answer 12

Unequally

Question 13

Intergenerational?

Answer 13

Upward or downward social mobility of children in relationship to their parents. (reveals long-term changes)

Question 14

Intragenerational?

Answer 14

Occurs during a persons life time. (siblings)

Question 15

US has the highest ________ rates and highest ______ mortality.

Answer 15

Incarceration and infant

Question 16

Sex is _____

Gender is _____

Answer 16

Biological

Social

Question 17

How do we reiterate gender distinctions?

Answer 17

Socialization, language, doing gender.

Question 18

Agents of gender?

Answer 18

Parents, adults, older siblings, mass media, education, and institutes.

Question 19

Ascribed?

Answer 19

Race, sex, age.

Question 20

Achieved?

Answer 20

Education, income, occupation.

Question 21

What is mean to say that race is socially constructed?

Answer 21

Racist is a socially constructed category because society gives it a meaning.

Question 22

Race?

Answer 22

A socially constructed category of people who share biological transmitted traits that members of society consider important.

Question 23

Ethnicity?

Answer 23

A shared cultural heritage.

Question 24

Prejudice?

Answer 24

A rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people. (attitudes)

Question 25

Racism?

Answer 25

Is the belief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to another. (thoughts)

Question 26

Discrimination?

Answer 26

Unequal treatment of various categories of people. (action)

Question 27

Minority?

Answer 27

Any category of people distinguished by physical or cultural difference that a society sets apart and subordinates

Question 28

Glass ceiling?

Answer 28

Women in the mail profession that can only go so high. (earning less for the same job)

Question 29

Glass escalator?

Answer 29

Man in a woman's profession that can go higher then women. (earn more for the same job)

Question 30

Patriarchy?

Answer 30

Gender societies were men are dominant.

Question 31

Two items Americans can have in wealth?

Answer 31

Cars and homes.