Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HIST 1020 > Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

what was the last major empire to control territory in the Middle East?

A

Ottoman Empire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

after which conflict was the territory controlled by the Ottoman Empire divided into mandates among Western European nations?

A

World War I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what were the main causes of the rise of nationalism in the Middle East?

A
  • modernization

- oil wealth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: Turkey was under the control of British mandate for a long time before achieving independence

A

False - under a French mandate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

who was the leader of the nationalist movement in Turkey and eventually became the first President of Turkey?

A

Mustafa Kemal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ataturk’s efforts at modernizing Turkey included what?

A
  • abolition of the caliph
  • abolition of Islamic law
  • Westernization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ataturk’s modernization program

A

Kemalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

both Shah Reza Pahlavi and his son, Shah Muhammed Reza Pahlavi, used this to strengthen the Iranian economy, which soured their reputations

A

foreign investments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what resource was present in great natural abundance in Iran and was a contributing factor in the deposition of Shah Reza Pahlavi in Iran?

A

oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why did Shah Muhammed Reza Pahlavi exile the Ayatollah Khomeini and kill his supporters in Iran?

A

The Ayatollah, and the Shia clergy in general, was very influential with the Iranian people and were looked to for guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why was the Iranian White Revolution, which made the Shah very unpopular, such a miserable failure?

A
  • the plots of land given to the peasants were too small to be useful
  • it increased poverty in Iran, especially in urban centers
  • large foreign businesses ran merchant families out of business
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

during the Iranian revolution of 1978/1979, mourning processes were a major source of tension. How did these mourning processions contribute to the violence?

A

protesters were killed –> more mourning processions –> more protests –> more violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who took control of Iran after the Shah was forced to flee in 1979?

A

Ayatollah Khomeini (theocracy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why was Egypt considered a “Cold War Battleground?”

A

both the US and USSR struggled for influence in Egypt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nasser’s policy of not forming alliances was known as:

A

Non-Alignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why did Nasser orchestrate a coup in 1952?

A

the king was heavily influenced by the British

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How did the Suez War begin?

A

Nasser nationalized the Canal, which had been built with French and British money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how was the modern state of Israel created?

A

the United Nations officially created the state in 1948

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: the Israelis and Arabs were supposed to share the land for farming, and this totally worked flawlessly

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how was Israel able to gain so much territory and displace much of the Palestinian population after its creation?

A

it was attacked in 1948 by much of the Arab world but won the war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which 2 regions contain the Palestinian population?

A

West Bank
Gaza Strip
(Israel control them military)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Israel took control of the Sinai Peninsula after its quick and decisive victory in this 1967 conflict

A

Six Day War (b/w Israel and Egypt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which conflict destroyed the myth of Israeli invincibility?

A

Yom Kippur War

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why were the Camp David Accords in 1979 so successful?

A

all parties present were willing to negotiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what were the results of the Camp David Accords?

A
  • Egypt recognized the existence of Israel

- Israel began to withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What was the First Intifada in 1987?

A

the PLO was rebelling against Israeli control of the Gaza Strip and West Bank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what were the terms of the Oslo Accords in 1993?

A
  • the PLO agreed to recognize the existence of Israel

- Israel agreed to gradually transfer control of the Gaza Strip and West Bank to the Palestinians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

T/F:

Israel completely transferred control of the Gaza Strip and West Bank to the Palestinians

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which of these is a term that refers to the segregated South of the United States?

A

Jim Crow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

ruled that “separate but equal” was constitutional

A

Plessy v. Ferguson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

ruled that “separate is never equal”

A

Brown v. Board of Education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is Pan-Africanism?

A
  • global black consciousness

- taking pride in being black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the Montgomery Bus Boycott was a major moment in the Civil Rights Movement. The person who began this was trained at

A

Highlander School

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Dr. MLK Jr. was influenced by what?

A

Christianity

Gandhi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

how did President Eisenhower respond to the Central High School incident?

A

nationalized the Arkansas guard and sent paratroopers to force integration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what was a sit-in?

A

protest against segregation by invading white space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

where was the most famous sit-in?

A

Woolworth in Greensboro, North Carolina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

President LBJ used his connections in Congress to get the Civil Rights Act passed in 1964. what did this new law do?

A
  • outlawed segregation of all public facilities

- cut government funding to any public facility that segregated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

in what year was the Voting Rights Act passed?

A

1965

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what was the significance of colonial African soldiers serving during WWI and WWII for their respective imperial powers?

A

fighting to protect Britain and France from German imperialism but they were victims of British and French imperialism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

T/F:
WWII caused an “economic spurt” in Africa due to Europe’s reliance on Africa as a source of raw materials and other resources

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

how did the American Civil Rights Movement affect African Nationalism?

A

it proved that freedom from white oppression could be achieved and inspired them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Gold Coast, later Ghana, was a colony of which imperial power?

A

Britain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

why did the colonists in the Gold Coast start a boycott of European goods in 1948?

A

they thought the British were creating artificial scarcity to manipulate prices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what was granted to Gold Coast in 1951 by their governing imperial power?

A
  • a new constitution

- elections for positions within a parliamentary-style government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what was the reason Gold Coast’s imperial power granted independence?

A

after just coming out of WWII, they didn’t have the resources to maintain control of Gold Coast (Ghana)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

when Ghana was granted independence, their new government functioned relatively smoothly. Why was this?

A

the people in Ghana had held government offices and knew how to run things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The Congo had been long under the control of which imperial power?

A

Belgium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

when the Congo was granted independence, massive violence broke out. Why was this?

A

there were so many culturally different groups lumped in the Congo

50
Q

why was Patrice Lumumba assassinated in a CIA plot?

A

he supported Socialism and was BFFs with the Soviet Union

51
Q

why were things so chaotic in the Congo following decolonization?

A

size and diversity of the colony AND the Congolese had not held government offices

52
Q

Algeria was a colony of this imperial power

A

France

53
Q

what did the battle of Dienbienphu prove to the Algerian nationalists?

A
  • the French would step out of a colony of conditions for them were bad enough
  • the French could be beaten
54
Q

French Algerian colonists whose families had been there for generations were known as:

A

pieds-noirs

55
Q

this faction started a civil war within Algeria over independence

A

National Liberation Front (FLN)

56
Q

the Algerian nationalists’ link to this country was a major contributing factor to France’s involvement in the Suez War

A

Egypt

57
Q

T/F:
the Algerian civil war was so destabilizing in France that it caused an event known as the Fall of the Fourth Republic in which French government collapsed and a new constitution had to be drafted

A

true

58
Q

why did generals in Algeria stage a coup against the French colonial government?

A

they wanted to set up a government controlled by the French colonists

59
Q

which European country has had the longest presence in South Africa and the surrounding regions?

A

Britain

60
Q

the system of extreme segregation in South Africa is known as:

A

Apartheid

61
Q

which of these was not a classification of the people of South Africa?

A

Indians

62
Q

what was the problem with the concept of “homelands” in South Africa?

A
  • they didn’t coincide with traditional tribal lands

- the land was too unproductive to be useful

63
Q

what was the African National Congress?

A

group that opposed imperialism and Apartheid

- Nelson Mandela got involved with them

64
Q

Why did Mandela reject governmental offers of freedom from prison?

A
  • he was a far more useful symbol for the movement from within prison
  • the government demanded that he denounce his violent acts and give up political activism
65
Q

what happened at the Soweto Uprising?

A

uprising over imposing Afrikaans on African school children

66
Q

what is the significance of De Klerk’s presidency in South Africa?

A
  • he began phasing black political involvement into South African society
  • he recognized it was time to get rid of the segregation in South Africa
67
Q
  • alternated between concessions and crackdowns with the non-white populations
  • he threw demonstrators in jail on the anniversary of the Soweto Uprising
A

Botha

68
Q

who won the first South African presidential election in which blacks could vote?

A

Nelson Mandela

69
Q

T/F:

Mandela advocated for a mass exodus of whites out of South Africa

A

False. he wanted integration / equality

70
Q

military alliance including much of Western Europe and the U.S.

A

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

71
Q

military alliance including the Soviet Union and its satellites

A

the Warsaw Pact

72
Q

a gathering of intellectuals in Czechoslovakia who were urging reforms to the harsh conditions of loving as a Soviet satellite. It was ruthlessly put down by the Soviets

A

Prague Spring

73
Q

what were the contributing factors to the fall of Communism and the Soviet Union?

A
  • economic failures
  • consumer culture of the West
  • the Soviet Union’s weakening hold over its satellites
74
Q

what was Solidarity?

A

a broad “umbrella” labor union in Poland that advocated for freedom of expression and a more democratic political system

75
Q

what 2 policies are associated with Mikhail Gorbachev?

A

Perestroika

Glasnost

76
Q

economic reforms in the USSR by Gorbachev

A

Perestroika

77
Q

transparency, openness to criticism / suggestions / feedback of government

A

Glasnost

78
Q

why was Gorbachev an advocate for profit incentive?

A
  • thought it could fix the Soviet economy

- blamed Soviet economic problems on lack of incentive

79
Q

why were the Stalinists in the Soviet government such a problem for Gorbachev?

A

they were hard-liner Communists and tried to block some of his changes

80
Q

what was a catalyst to the downfall of Communism?

A
  • nationalism in the satellites and the Baltic Republics

- an economic crisis that hit the Warsaw Pact in 1988

81
Q

what contributed to changing relations between the Soviet Union and the United States during the Gorbachev Era?

A
  • arms control
  • relationship between the leaders of the Soviet Union and the United States
  • willingness for the Soviet Union to not hide events within its borders from the rest of the world (e.g. Chernobyl disaster)
82
Q

who were the 3 bffs of the Gorbachev Era?

A

Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, and Gorbachev

83
Q

what were the “Breakaway (Baltic) Republics?”

A

Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia

84
Q

what were some characteristics of Latin America following WWII?

A
  • heavy involvement of the Catholic Church in everyday life
  • economic hardships
  • foreign influence via corporations and investments
85
Q

what company was heavily influenced in Guatemala and used its influence with the US government to stage an overthrow of President Arbenz?

A

United Fruit Company

86
Q

what was true of Cuba under Castro?

A
  • provided major social programs such as education and healthcare
  • his revolution replaced the regime of Batista
  • received huge subsidies from the Soviet Union
87
Q

led a military junta in Chile after the overthrow of Allende

A

General Pinochet

88
Q

group of critics of the Somoza government who later started a military conflict and overthrew the Somoza regime

A

Sandinistas

89
Q

President of the US who intervened in the Central High School incident

A

Eisenhower

90
Q

nationalist leader and first Prime Minister of Congo

A

Lumumba

91
Q

Prime Minister of Israel who participated in the Oslo Accords

A

Rabin

92
Q

leader of Solidarity in Poland

A

Lech Walesa

93
Q

Civil Rights activist who began the Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

Rosa Parks

94
Q

Nationalist leader and founder of modern Turkey

A

Ataturk

95
Q

governor of AL

tried to prevent Vivian Malone’s integration

A

George Wallace

96
Q

nationalist leader and first Prime Minister/President of Ghana

A

Nkrumah

97
Q

Chief Justice of SCOTUS who presided over Brown v. Board

A

Earl Warren

98
Q

Shia religious leader and face of Iranian Revolution

A

Ayatollah

99
Q

Prime Minister of Israel at Camp David Accords

A

Begin

100
Q

first African-American to integrate at Auburn

A

Harold Franklin

101
Q

POTUS who participated in Camp David Accords

A

Jimmy Carter

102
Q

African-American thinker who advocated for integration and Pan-Africanism

A

Dubois

103
Q

President of South Africa who alternated between concessions and crackdowns

A

Botha

104
Q

president of Egypt who participated in the Camp David Accords

A

Sadat

105
Q

governor of Arkansas who tried to prevent the integration of Central High School

A

Orville Faubus

106
Q

leader of the PLO; present at the Oslo Accords

A

Arafat

107
Q

president of France who advocated for Algerian independence

A

de Gaulle

108
Q

face of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States

A

MLK Jr.

109
Q

first Shah of Iran that we discussed; deposed and replaced by his son

A

Reza Pahlavi

110
Q

Jamaican thinker who advocated for “Back to Africa”

A

Garvey

111
Q

President of South Africa who began to phase out apartheid

A

De Klerk

112
Q

first African-American to integrate at Ole Miss

A

James Meredith

113
Q

replaced Lumumba as Prime Minister of the Congo

A

Mobuta

114
Q

POTUS at Oslo Accords

A

Bill Clinton

115
Q

leader of the Soviet Union who made sweeping changes

A

Gorbachev

116
Q

nationalist leader of Egypt; began the Suez War; built the Aswan Dam

A

Nasser

117
Q

first African-American to integrate at Bama

A

Vivian Malone

118
Q

face of South African struggle for civil rights; eventual President of South Africa

A

Mandela

119
Q

POTUS who got the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Ace of 1965 passed

A

LBJ

120
Q

replaced his father as Shah of Iran; heavily associated with foreign influence

A

Muhammed Reza

121
Q

archbishop in South Africa who used nonviolence to advocate for civil rights

A

Desmond Tutu

HIST 1020 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions