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PLSC 300D > Final Study Guide (Key Concepts & Terms) > Flashcards

Final Study Guide (Key Concepts & Terms) Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

A
  • regulates exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and territorial seas
  • dispute relation through the Permanent Court of Arbitration (founded in 1899) or other international tribunals
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2
Q

Three Types of Territorial Objects under UNCLOS

A
  1. ) Low-tide Elevations: a land mass above water only at low tide
    - no territorial sea or EEZ
  2. ) Rock: a landmass permanently above water but unable to sustain human habitation or economic life on its own
    • territorial sea but no EEZ
  3. ) Island: a land mass permanently above water that can sustain human habitation or economic life on its own
    - territorial sea and EEZ
    - artificially created islands DO NOT COUNT
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3
Q

The Caste System

A

a part of the Hindu religion that assigns a person to a position with society in accordance with the God Brahma

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4
Q

The Partition of British India

A

1947

divided British India to Hindi-India and Muslim-Pakistan

India independence act of 1947 (included the dissolution of British government in India)

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5
Q

Non-aligned Movement

A

Nehru’s decision to remain neutral during the Cold War

decision rooted in colonialism (the idea that India wants to control its own fate)

supported by the Indian elite

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6
Q

Nehru

A

first president of the independent India

refused to take signs during the Cold War

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7
Q

Import Substitution Industrialization

A

a trade and economic policy that replaces foreign imports with domestic production

meant to decrease reliance on foreign dependencies

resulted in India’s GDP growing faster and higher than China (1950-1980)

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8
Q

Kashmir

A

invaded by Pakistan in 1947-1948

caused an alliance to form between India and Kashmir (for protection)

resulted in war between Pakistan and India

reason to fight for it: taught that Kashmir was part of the “sacred homeland”

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9
Q

East Asian “Miracle”

A
  • comparative advantage
  • strong central state
  • competent nationalistic bureaucracy
  • industrial policy
  • U.S. aid
  • access to rich North American and European markets
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10
Q

Comparative Advantage

A

under free trade, countries will specialize in goods that make intensive use of factors of production with which they are endowed

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11
Q

Factors of Production (part of Comparative Advantage)

A
  • land
  • unskilled labor
  • investment capital (infrastructure, machinery, financial resources)
  • skilled labor
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12
Q

The String of Pearls

A

nickname given to Djibouti-Maldives-Sri Lanka-Bangladesh by Indian Military

China dedicated trillions of dollars to this route in order to become better connected with the world

provides military benefits (ability to move soldiers) and control trade

makes India feel as though China is invading

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13
Q

The Catch Up Effect

A

if you’re a developing country, you have advantages over first industrializers and are expected to grow at a faster rate

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14
Q

Developmental State

A

Ex.) Japan

involves government directing investments in strategic sectors (manufacturing, etc)

results in higher domestic saving rates

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15
Q

Flying Geese Model

A

Japanese economic model following WW2

Japan will lead East Asia in economic and technological advancements and other countries will produce less advance technology that Japan has already surpassed

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16
Q

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)

A

China’s alternative to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), free trade agreement

members include China, India, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam and Australia

excludes the US

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17
Q

Trans-Pacific Partnership

A

trade agreement between countries like the US, Singapore, New Zealand, Australia, Vietnam, and Malaysia

meant to lower non-tariffs and tariff barriers to trade and develop an investor-state dispute settlement

excludes China

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18
Q

The End of History

A

phrase used by Fukuyama in 1992

idea that after the Cold War, we are the end of man’s ideological evolution and universalization of Western liberal democracy

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19
Q

Clash of Civilizations

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A

hypothesis that people’s cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world

20
Q

Washington Consensus

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A

1989

important for determining policy toward economic development in East Asia

advocates for free trade, floating exchange rates, free markets and macroeconomic stability

made of 10 relatively specific policy regulations

21
Q

Illiberal/non-Liberal Democracy

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A

Ex.) Singapore

consists of “free” elections

- gerrymandering
- very short campaigns (making it difficult for opposition parties to form campaigns
- legal persecution of opposition figures
- no freedom of speech
- pro-PAP press
22
Q

Shin on move toward Confucian Values

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A

strengthening of confucian values leads to Illiberal/non-Liberal Democracy

23
Q

Liberal Democracy

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A

Ex.) United States

consists of free elections, civil liberties and human rights

24
Q

Shin on move away from Confucian Values

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A

a move away from confucian values leads to a liberal democracy

25
Asian Values
embodies the idea that freedom of the individual is a second priority; the collective unit must be protected - loyalty to group leaders - benevolent moral elite - conflict avoidance - sacrificing personal interests for the community and social harmony - placing family above oneself
26
Lee Kuan Yew
"founding Father of Singapore" - advocate for Asian Values - first prime minister of Singapore in 1959
27
Kim Il-Sung
"Great Leader" 1948-1994 president for life of North Korea
28
Kim Jong-Il
"Dear Leader" 1994-2011 ruler of North Korea
29
Kim Jong-Un
"Dear Respected Marshall" 2011-current ruler of North Korea
30
Six Party Talks
2003-2009 talks between Japan, China, Russia, South Korea and North Korea to negotiate the denuclearization of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea, DPRK)
31
Strategic Nuclear Deterrent
especially prevalent in the Cold War and with DPRK currently deterrence theory states that nuclear weapons are intended to deter other states from attacking with their own nuclear weapons through the promise of retaliation and mutually assured destruction (MAD)
32
Non-proliferation Treaty
a treaty meant to decrease the number of nuclear weapons in the world to increase cooperation between countries signed by North Korea in 2005 and then violated in 2006
33
Ma Ying-jeou
leader of Taiwan before Tsai - represented more Pro-China Taiwan - pioneered the first deal with China that Taiwan had; the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) aimed at reducing tariffs and barriers on both sides
34
Tsai Ing-Wen
female president of Taiwan who took office in 2016 - pro-independence leader that aims to avoid war with China, maintain any international economic ties and increase defense spending to assure a strong and independent Taiwan remains
35
White Terror
1948-1987 martial law that suppressed political dissidents following the Feb. 28 incident involving anti-government uprising that led to violent backlash inflicted by the KMT and led to deaths of Taiwanese (roughly 10,000)
36
Sunflower Movement
2014 student protests in Taiwan meant to prevent the passing of the Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement (CCSTA)
37
Democratic Progressive Party
founded in 1986 liberal political party in Taiwan with a pro-independence attitude current ruling party
38
Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
trade agreement between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan) to lower tariffs and economic barriers between the two sides
39
Asymmetric Interdependence
Taiwan and China are very economically involved due to Taiwan's lack of allies Taiwan remains more reliant on China (one-sided) whereas China is only in it for a place to send exports for money
40
Entrapment
when a country is trapped in conflicts, negotiations, or defense of another country US fears it may cause Taiwan to become dependent upon them or Taiwan will become dependent upon relationships with China
41
American Institute in Taiwan
mission to increase U.S. interests in Taiwan not actually a part of the government but it is (loophole)
42
Commitment Problem
the US cannot fully commit to Taiwan as an ally without damaging US-China relations US supplies weapons to Taiwan as they deem needed is a way we currently are tied to them
43
Exclusive Economic Zone
a zone that grants a country 200 nautical miles of territory they have exclusive rights to use in any marine exploration of resources
44
U.S-Philippines Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement
2014 US and Philippines agreement to strengthen their alliance - allows US to rotate troops into the Philippines and allows US to build and operate facilities on filipino bases
45
Freedom of Navigation Operation
an operation created by the US to challenge territorial claims that are considered excessive by the United States (ex. Subi Reef)

PLSC 300D (2 decks)

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