Final Study Guide Pt. 2 (Lab 8)

Question 1

What are the general anatomical shapes of bones in the human body?

Answer 1

(1) long bones
(2) short bones
(3) flat bones
(4) sesamoid bones
(5) sutural bones
(6) irregualar bones

Question 2

Describe the shape of long bones.

Answer 2

greater in lenght than in width

Question 3

Describe the shape of short bones.

Answer 3

similar in length and width

Question 4

Describe the shape of flat bones.

Answer 4

flat and thin

Question 5

Describe the shape of sesamoid bones.

Answer 5

small bones that form within tendons (such as patella, or knee cap)

Question 6

Describe the shape of sutural bones.

Answer 6

small, flat bones formed between the joints of the skull

Question 7

Describe the shape of irregular bones.

Answer 7

irregularly shaped and don’t fit into the preceding categories

Question 8

What are adult long bones composed of?

Answer 8

(1) epiphyses
(2) articular cartilage
(3) spongy bone
(4) red marrow
(5) diaphysis
(6) periosteum
(7) compact bone
(8) medullary cavity
(9) yellow marrow
(10) endosteum

Question 9

What is the difference between red marrow or yellow marrow?

Answer 9

red marrow- blood cell forming tissue that fills the spaces of spongy bone
yellow marrow- fatty material occupying the medullary cavity

Question 10

What is the difference between spongy bone or compact bone?

Answer 10

spongy bone- bone tissue filling the epiphyses and lining the medullary cavity
compact bone- bone tissue forming the walls of the diaphysis and coverings of spongy bone

Question 11

What is epiphyses?

Answer 11

enlarged ends of long bones

Question 12

What is articular cartilage?

Answer 12

covers the joint surfaces at the epiphyses

Question 13

What is diaphysis?

Answer 13

the midsection shaft of a long bone

Question 14

What is periosteum?

Answer 14

a dense connective tissue membrane covering external bone surfaces

Question 15

What is the medullary cavity?

Answer 15

the space within the diaphysis

Question 16

What is the endosteum?

Answer 16

connective tissue membrane lining the medullary cavity

Question 17

the _____ ________ consists of 80 bones that make up the midline of the body

Answer 17

axial skeleton

Question 18

What are the bones of the axial skeleton?

Answer 18

(1) skull
(2) hyoid bone
(3) vertebral column
(4) rib cage

Question 19

What bones make up the skull?

Answer 19

cranial and facial bones

Question 20

What bones make up the vertebral column?

Answer 20

vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx

Question 21

What bones make up the rib cage?

Answer 21

ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum

Question 22

What is the hyoid bone?

Answer 22

attached by ligaments and tendons in the anterior of neck

Question 23

What is the difference between the cranial bones and the facial bones?

Answer 23

cranial bones- house and protect the brain

facial bones- serve as attachment sites for the muscles used for chewing and facial expression

Question 24

The ___________ ________ is composed of 126 bones, which allow the wide variety of moments possible with out arms and legs.

Answer 24

appendicular skeleton

Question 25

What are the sections of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 25

(1) pectoral girdle (2) upper limb (3) pelvic girdle (4) lower limb

Question 26

What are the bones that make up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 26

clavicle and scapula

Question 27

What are the bones that make up the upper limb?

Answer 27

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Question 28

What are the bones that make up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 28

Ilium, Ischium and Pubis

Question 29

What are the bones that make up the

Answer 29

Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

Question 30

What are the different types of joints?

Answer 30

(1) Fibrous joints (2) Cartilaginous joints (3) Synovial joints

Question 31

What is the difference between Fibrous joints and Cartilaginous joints?

Answer 31

Fibrous joints - joined by fibrous connective tissue and allow little to no movement Cartilaginous joints- joined by cartilage and allow for small movements

Question 32

What is the difference between Fibrous joints and Synovial joints?

Answer 32

Fibrous joints - joined by fibrous connective tissue and allow little to no movement Synovial Joints- have a joint cavity between the articulating bones that allows for the wide range of motion

Question 33

What is the difference between Cartilaginous joints and Synovial joints?

Answer 33

Cartilaginous joints- joined by cartilage and allow for small movements Synovial Joints- have a joint cavity between the articulating bones that allows for the wide range of motion