Final Study guide w quizzes

Question 1

What does reverse Transcriptase make

Answer 1

DNA from RNA

Question 2

What is a nonviable sex chromosomal aneuploidy?

Answer 2

YY

Question 3

What is Klinfelder’s Chromosome abnormality, and what are some of the symptoms?

Answer 3

YXX (males with an extra X chromosome)
Delayed puberty, tall, hypogonadism, obesity

Question 4

What is the chromosomal abnormality for Turner’s Syndrome, and what are the symptoms?

Answer 4

• XO (Women with only one X)
• Wide set nipples, webbed neck, short stature non fertile

Question 5

Is it possible for someone to have down’s syndrome if they have 46 chromosomes?

Answer 5

Yes, because of translocation.

Question 6

How many barr bodies are in XXY

Answer 6

1

Question 7

What is the order in the central dogma?

Answer 7

DNA–> RNA–> protein

Question 8

How many chromosomes do humans have

Answer 8

46, 23 pairs

Question 9

What is the abnormality in Klinefelter syndrome?

Answer 9

47XXY

Question 10

What is the basic unit of heredity

Answer 10

Gene

Question 11

What is the definition of an allele

Answer 11

a variant form of a gene, or a different version of a DNA sequence, that occurs at a specific location on a chromosome

Question 12

Which strand are okazaki fragments on

Answer 12

The lagging strand

Question 13

Describe the pathology in xeroderma pigmentosum

Answer 13

caused by genes involved in DNA repair, stay away from UV

Question 14

What types of bonds hold together the backbone of DNA

Answer 14

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 15

Which types of bonds hold together base pairs

Answer 15

H bonds

Question 16

Where is the cell cycle stage stoped if sister chromatids are unable to form

Answer 16

S phase (that is where synthesis occurs

Question 17

How many cells does meiosis make

Answer 17

4 different haploid cells

Question 18

what do prokaryote and eukaryotes have in common of DNA replication

Answer 18

They go 5’–>3’

Question 19

What does telomerase in cancer cells do

Answer 19

elongates telomeres

Question 20

Is fragile X syndrome more common in males or women

Answer 20

males

Question 21

Where does RNA polymerase bind to

Answer 21

To the promotor region

Question 22

If you change your G to a C, when will this change the codon?

Answer 22

In some but not all cases (because of wobble region)

Question 23

What bases are in RNA

Answer 23

U not T (A, G, C, U)

Question 24

What destinguishes DNA from RNA

Answer 24

There is a 2’ hydroxyl group on RNA (DE-OXY ribose for DNA b/c doesn’t have it)

Question 25

Is the amino acid sequence the primary, secondary, or tertiary sequence?

Answer 25

Primary

Question 26

Which type of RNA is translated

Answer 26

mRNA

Question 27

What is the starting and ending product in Translation

Answer 27

Begin with an RNA template, get a protein sequence

Question 28

If you have a pedigree that demonstrates an earlier age of onset in the family, what phenomena is this?

Answer 28

Genetic anticipation

Question 29

With cystic fibrosis, what is the mutation found in?

Answer 29

The chloride transport protein

Question 30

What is the part of the tRNA that pairs to mRNA

Answer 30

The Anticodon

Question 31

Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by what

Answer 31

the Trna

Question 32

Amino acids are brought (WHERE) by the tRNA?

Answer 32

Ribosomes

Question 33

The Lac operon is turned on by what

Answer 33

The presence of lac AND absence of glucose

Question 34

What is NOT a method of gene regulation in eukaryotes

Answer 34

pinocytosis

Question 35

What binds to an operator and what does this prevent?

Answer 35

A repressor is a type of regulator protein that binds to OPERATOR and prevents transcription

Question 36

What is a repressor

Answer 36

type of regulator protein that binds to operator and prevents transcription

Question 37

What pattern is similar in twins early in life but changes later

Answer 37

Methylation patterns are inherited but are dissimilar in life

Question 38

What is a signal peptide

Answer 38

short peptide sequences, serve as address to transport new proteins to correct location

Question 39

What is the pthway for trna during elongation

Answer 39

A-->P-->E

Question 40

The following rna molecule is an adaptor during protein synthesis

Answer 40

tRNA

Question 41

Describe epigenetic marks in monozygotic twins

Answer 41

Same earlier in life (inherited) and dissimilar later in life

Question 42

Function of bacterial methylases

Answer 42

protect DNA from digestion by restriction enzymes

Question 43

If Glu is changed to Val, what disease does this correspond to?

Answer 43

Sickle cell

Question 44

A change in allele frequency throughout genes is termed what?

Answer 44

Genetic drift

Question 45

Sickle Cell anemia arises from what kind of a mutation

Answer 45

a point mutation (GLU-->VAL)

Question 46

What is the inheritance pattern of color blindness

Answer 46

X-linked recessive

Question 47

Duchanee syndrome inheritance pattern

Answer 47

X-linked Recessive

Question 48

If a population has a high frequency of a rare genetic trait with similar ancestor, what effect is this?

Answer 48

Founder Effect

Question 49

What is a SNP

Answer 49

Single nucleotide Polymorphism, single change in a base pair somewhere in DNA