final test

Question 1

where does digestion begin

Answer 1

digestion begins in the mouth; both chemically and physically

Question 2

what two structures are joined by the cardiac sphinctor?

Answer 2

esophagus and stomach

Question 3

what causes heartburn

Answer 3

failure of the cardiac sphincter

Question 4

which of the following occurs in the stomach

Answer 4

secretion of gastric juice

Question 5

which of the following chemically reacts with pepsinogen to create pepsin in the stomach

Answer 5

hydrochloric acid

Question 6

what do parietal cells produce

Answer 6

hydrochloric acid

Question 7

what do the submandibular and sublingual glands do?

Answer 7

releases substances in your mouth underneath tongue

Question 8

what is a saliva a mixture of

Answer 8

saliva is a mixture of mucus and serous fluids

Question 9

what do serous fluids contain

Answer 9

salivary amylase

Question 10

what does saliva do

Answer 10

moistens and binds food together into bolus

Question 11

what is bolus

Answer 11

a ball of food and saliva mixed together

Question 12

what does the mouth coordinate

Answer 12

ingestion, digestion and initial propulsion

Question 13

what is ingestion

Answer 13

chewing mechanism, chemically w/ amylase

Question 13

what is ingestion

Answer 13

chewing mechanism, chemically w/ amylase

Question 14

does food absorption take place in the mouth

Answer 14

no food absorption takes place, but drugs and chemicals can pass through the oral mucosa

Question 15

what is deglutition

Answer 15

swallowing

Question 16

what does deglutition initate

Answer 16

propulsion

Question 17

what is involved in swallowing

Answer 17

tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and esophagus

Question 18

what are the two major stages of swallowing

Answer 18

buccal phase and pharyngeal esophageal phase

Question 19

what are the differences in the buccal phase and pharyngeal esophageal phase

Answer 19

the buccal phase is voluntary and the pharyngeal esophageal phase is involuntary

Question 20

what is the buccal phase

Answer 20

bolus is forced into the pharynx by tongue

Question 21

what is the pharyngeal esophageal phase

Answer 21

tongue blocks off mouth, soft palate closes nasal passages, larynx rises to be shut off

Question 22

what is another word for pharynx

Answer 22

throat

Question 23

what does the esophagus do

Answer 23

squeezes food along the stomach

Question 24

what does not happen in the esophagus

Answer 24

no digestion (chemical or mechanical) occurs, food just passes thru

Question 25

what are the actions of the muscles in the esophagus

Answer 25

involuntary and cause peristalsis

Question 26

what does the stomach do?

Answer 26

stores food and breaks it down with acid and enzymes

Question 27

what works together to make gastric acid?

Answer 27

chief and parietal cells

Question 28

what makes pepsin?

Answer 28

pepsinogen and parietal cells

Question 29

what does pepsin do

Answer 29

chemically breaks down proteins

Question 30

where do carbs get broken down chemically

Answer 30

the mouth

Question 31

where do proteins get broken down chemically

Answer 31

stomach

Question 32

what does the pyloric spinchter

Answer 32

prevents substances from stomach to leak

Question 33

what does the stomach do when its empty

Answer 33

collapses on itself and forms folds called rugae

Question 34

what is churning

Answer 34

when the muscularis extrena works with the third oblique layer of smooth muscle

Question 35

what is acid chyme

Answer 35

mixture of gastric acid and food

Question 36

what do enteroendocrine cells produce

Answer 36

gastrin

Question 37

what is gastrin

Answer 37

a hormone released that stimulates secretion of gastric acid

Question 38

what can bacterial infections cause

Answer 38

ulcers

Question 39

what are esophageal ulcers called

Answer 39

heartburn

Question 40

what happens from stomach to small intestine

Answer 40

propulsion goes from stomach to small intestine

Question 41

what does the enterogastric reflex do

Answer 41

slows down gastric activity, tightens pyloric sphincter, chyme fills duodenum

Question 42

what does the small intestine do

Answer 42

major organ of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 43

what is the longest section of the alimentary tube

Answer 43

small intenstine

Question 44

what re the three major structures of the small intestine

Answer 44

villi, mircovilli, circular folds

Question 45

what is the goal of villi

Answer 45

increase surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 46

what does the acid chyme from stomach do

Answer 46

mixes with bile and pancreatic enzymes

Question 47

what does the acid chyme do

Answer 47

raises ph of chyme from stomach

Question 48

what does pancreatic juice contain

Answer 48

enzyme rich solutions

Question 49

what are the enzymes rom pancreatic juices

Answer 49

pancreatic amylase, trypsin, chymotryspin, carboxypedtidase, lipids, nucleases

Question 50

what does pancreatic amylase break down

Answer 50

carbs

Question 51

what do carboxypedtidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin break down

Answer 51

proteins

Question 52

what does lipase break down

Answer 52

lipids

Question 53

what does nuclease break down

Answer 53

nucleic acids

Question 54

what is the livers sole digestive function

Answer 54

bile production

Question 55

where does bile enter

Answer 55

into s.i, and can be stored in gallbladder

Question 56

how does bile get stored in the gallbladder

Answer 56

cystic duct

Question 57

what is the action of bile referred to as

Answer 57

emulsification

Question 58

what does bile do

Answer 58

mechanical digestion of fats, and serves a role in fat soluble vitamin absorption

Question 59

what are the major functions of the large intestine

Answer 59

water reabsorption and elimination of indigestible food

Question 60

where do good bacteria reside

Answer 60

they reside in the large intenstine and gut

Question 61

what do these good bacteria do

Answer 61

metabolize remaining nutrients, produce gas, help synthesize vitamins