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8th History > Final Test > Flashcards

Final Test Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

Religious Freedom

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2
Q

Virginia Company

A

A joint-stock company that gained a charter to establish Jamestown.

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

One of the first American settlement located in Virginia.

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4
Q

John Smith

A

Governor of Jamestown for its first two years.

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

Daughter of the Powhatan tribe chief.

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

Found out that the soil in Jamestown was perfect for farming tobacco.

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

Saved Jamestown when there was no gold or silver.

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8
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Showed that settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast.

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9
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

The colony of the Pilgrims.

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

Came to America on the “Mayflower”.

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

The cargo ship that the Pilgrims used to travel to America.

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

A social contract in which the settlers consented to followed the compact’s rule and regulations for the sake of order and survival.

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

The leader of the Pilgrims for 30 years.

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

Taught the Pilgrims how to grow corn, beans, and squash, and where to hunt and fish.

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Protestants who wanted to to reform.

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

A colony that was based on the Bible.

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

The governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

Founders of Rhode Island.

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

A series of hearings and precautions of people accused of witchcraft where many who falsely accused, were killed.

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20
Q

William Penn

A

The founder of Pennsylvania and writer of their constitution.

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21
Q

Quakers

A

Settlers who were tolerant of other’s views.

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

People who refuse to fight in wars or use force.

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

A place were the lower class could get a fresh start and a barrier against the stronger colonies and Spanish attacks.

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

A religious revival that swept through the colonies, the belief that through God, all men are created equal.

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25
Q

Triangular Trade

A

A system in which crops, slaves, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean, and the American colonies.

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26
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon

A

A collection of witty sayings. Attempts to unite the colonies.

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27
Q

John Peter Zenger Trial

A

John Peter Zenger was put on trail after accusing the governor of New York of corrupt, but was found not guilty and lead to freedom of the press.

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28
Q

Cause of French and Indian War

A

The failure of the Albany Plan of Union.

29
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Halted westward expansion by the American setters.

30
Q

The Sugar Act

A

British Officers were allowed to seize goods from smugglers without going to court under this act.

31
Q

The Stamp Act

A

Placed a tax on almost all printed material in the Colonies.

32
Q

The Boston Massacre

A

A fight that broke out in the streets of Boston where five people were killed by British Soldiers.

33
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A

A response where the Colonist destroyed hundreds of thousands worth of tea by dumping it in the Boston Harbor.

34
Q

The Intolerable/Coercive Acts

A

Acts that were passed in response to the Boston Tea Party to punish the Colonists.

35
Q

Patrick Henry

A

A member of the Continental Congress who famously stated that he was “not a Virginian, but an American.”

36
Q

Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty

A

Founder of a secret society that protected the rights of the Colonists and fought taxation by the British.

37
Q

John Hancock

A

A well known protest leader who owned the ship the “

Liberty”.

38
Q

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

A

A pamphlet that stated that the Colonists should be a refuge from tyrants and prosecution.

39
Q

Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance

A

A document that declared America’s independence from Britain which was signed on July 4, 1776.

40
Q

Cause of American Revolutionary War

A

The Colonists wanted to form a new nation that was independent from Britain.

41
Q

Loyalists

A

Colonists who wanted to stay with Britain. (Tories)

42
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

First battles of the American Revolutionary War.

43
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

The turning point of the American Revolutionary War.

44
Q

Winter at Valley Forge

A

A time of terrible suffering without decent food, clothing, or shelter for Washington and his troops.

45
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

The final major battle of the American Revolutionary War and where the British surrendered to the Colonists.

46
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

Hero of the Battle of Saratoga.

47
Q

Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war.

A

Gen. George Washington

48
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

Believed that the future of America had a great influence on the future of mankind.

49
Q

Friedrich von Steuben

A

Drilled colonial troops at Valley Forge and taught them the essentials of military drill and discipline.

50
Q

Francis Marion

A

Considered the father of Guerrilla Warfare. (The Swamp Fox)

51
Q

guerrilla warfare

A

Hit and run War technique.

52
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

Ended the American Revolutionary War and made Britain recognize America was an independent nation.

53
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Created one territory out of the lands North of of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi River.

54
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

America’s first constitution.

55
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

An uprising by Massachusetts farmers against the government’s taxes on poor farmers that revealed the need for a stronger government.

56
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Established the model for Congress used to this day.

57
Q

The 3/5 Compromise

A

Allowed Southern states to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person for representation.

58
Q

The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose

A

Written in 1789 by James Madison to be the supreme law of the land.

59
Q

Bill of Rights

A

First 10 amendments to the Constitution.

60
Q

1st Amendment

A

Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition of the government.

61
Q

2nd Amendment

A

Grants the right to bare arms.

62
Q

4th Amendment

A

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause.

63
Q

5th Amendment

A

If you have committed a crime, you still have rights that can not be deprived without due process of law.

64
Q

6th Amendment

A

The right to a speedy, public trail by an important jury.

65
Q

Three Branches of Government and their purpose.

A

Executive-Carries out the laws.
Legislative-Makes the laws.
Judicial-Interprets laws and declares if Presidential Acts are Unconstitutional.

66
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government.

67
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Founder of the Federalists. Favored a strong Federal Government that was ruled by wealthy men and loose interpretation of the constitution.

68
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Alien Act-allowed the President to deport aliens.

Sedition Act-a crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government.

8th History (15 decks)

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