Final Test Flashcards
(23 cards)
Factors affecting breathing (Respiratory Rate)
- CO2
- O2
- Ph
Alveolar ventilation (Definition)
Air flow to the alveoli
Alveolar Perfusion (Definition)
Blood flow to the alveoli
Distinguish between Alveolar Ventilation and Alveolar Perfusion
Alveolar Ventilation is air flow to the alveoli and Alveolar Perfusion is BLOOD flow to the alveoli
Function of Digestive System
Brings essential nutrients into the internal environment so that they are available to each cell in the body
Path of food through the Digestive System (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
Identify 3 accessory organs and how each one contributes to digestion
- LIVER-produces bile
- GALLBLADDER-stores bile
- PANCREAS-secretes digestive enzymes
List 3 functions of the liver
- Detoxification
- liver cells transfer toxins into non-toxins
- Bile secretion
- bile salts are formed from cholesterol
- Storage of substances such as iron and vitamins
- Metabolizes proteins, fats and carbs
List 3 functions of the stomach
- Reservoir for food until it is partially digested
- Secretes gastric juice to aid in digestion of food
- Limited absorption
Identify the organ where most absorption takes place
-Small Intestine
Distinguish between mechanical and chemical digestion
- MECHANICAL-changes ingested food from large particles into small particles to facilitate chemical digestion
- CHEMICAL-involves changes in the chemical composition of food resulting in a physical change
Define peristalsis and segmentation
- PERISTALSIS: a wavelike ripple of the muscle layer of a hollow organ that produces forward movement of matter along GI tract
- SEGMENTATION: digestive reflexes cause a back and forth movement within a single segment of the GI tract
List urinary system organs and state functions
- KIDNEYS:
- maintaining water salt balance
- excretion of metabolic wastes
- maintaining a blood ph of around 7.4
- secretion of hormones
- primary functions: process blood and form urine
- BLADDER-stores urine.
- URETER-transports urine
- URETHRA-expels urine from the body
Urinary System Function
Produces and transports urine
3 major sections of kidney
- MEDULLA
- CORTEX
- PELVIS
What is a Nephron?
Basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
Define filtration, reabsorption and secretion
- FILTRATION:
- first step in blood processing that occurs in the renal corpuscles
- take stuff out of blood into tubes
- TUBULAR REABSORPTION:
* second step in urine formation
* occurs as a result of passive and active transport mechanisms from all parts reabsorb back into blood stream - TUBULAR SECRETION: secreting out of blood stream
Identify how sodium is actively transported
Sodium is transported by the nephrons in and out of the blood stream and water will follow
List 3 water regulating hormones indicate they cause or appose absorption of water
- ADH-increases water reabsorption
- ALDOSTERONE-increase of water reabsorption
- ATRIAL NATRIURETIC HORMONE (ANH)- decrease of water reabsorption
Be able to label these parts…Refer to Slide 13 in Unit 5
- Glomerular (bowmans) capsule——————-Glomerulus (capillary network)
- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)————Peritubular capillaries
- Loop of the nephron (henles loop)
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
- Collecting ducts
Gastrointestinal tract is made up of what 4 layers of tissues?
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis
- serosa
List the 4 Kidney Functions
- Excretion of Metabolic Waste
- Maintenance of water-salt balance
- Maintenance of acid-base balance
- Secretion of hormones
What is chyme?
Produced by stomach. Acidic substance.
