FINAL TEST Oceanography

Question 1

What are the four main groups of marine reptiles?

Answer 1

Saltwater crocodiles, sea snakes, marine lizards, and sea turtles

Question 2

Which adaptation helps marine reptiles regulate salt levels in their bodies?

Answer 2

Salt glands

Question 3

What is unique about the Australian Saltwater Crocodile compared to the American Saltwater Crocodile?

Answer 3

It is more aggressive and larger

Question 4

How long can sea snakes hold their breath underwater?

Answer 4

2 hours

Question 5

What is the only species of marine lizard?

Answer 5

Marine Iguana

Question 6

What determines the sex of sea turtle hatchlings?

Answer 6

Nest temperature

Question 7

Which sea turtle species is considered the most endangered?

Answer 7

Kemp’s Ridley

Question 8

What is an “arribada” in relation to sea turtles?

Answer 8

A type of nesting behavior where turtles nest en masse

Question 9

What is NOT a unique adaptation of birds?

Answer 9

Hollow bones

Question 10

Which feature is NOT an adaptation of marine reptiles?

Answer 10

Warm-bloodedness

Question 11

What is the primary threat to sea turtles today?

Answer 11

Human activities and pollution

Question 12

How many eggs does a typical sea turtle lay in one nest?

Answer 12

75-100 eggs

Question 13

What is the average survival rate of sea turtle hatchlings

Answer 13

1 in 1,000

Question 14

Which sea turtle species is known for eating poisonous sponges?

Answer 14

Hawksbill Turtle

Question 15

What is a “false crawl” in sea turtle behavior?

Answer 15

When a female comes ashore but leaves without laying eggs

Question 16

How do penguins prevent heat loss?

Answer 16

Blubber

Question 17

Which characteristic is unique to the Flatback Turtle?

Answer 17

It only nests in Australia

Question 18

What is NOT true about penguin senses?

Answer 18

Excellent hearing

Question 19

How do marine reptiles maintain their body temperature?

Answer 19

By basking in the sun

Question 20

What adaptation helps sea snakes manage their heart rate while diving?

Answer 20

Bradycardia

Question 21

What are the three main characteristics shared by all fish?

Answer 21

Gills, vertebrae, and aquatic habitat

Question 22

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of hagfish?

Answer 22

They produce large amounts of slime

Question 23

What distinguishes lampreys from other fish?

Answer 23

They are ectoparasites that feed on blood

Question 24

Which feature is characteristic of bony fish (Osteichthyes)?

Answer 24

Presence of swim bladder

Question 25

What is the function of countercurrent flow in fish gills?

Answer 25

It allows up to 85% oxygen saturation

Question 26

How do marine fish regulate their salt balance?

Answer 26

They actively pump salt out through their gills

Question 27

What type of fish are Pacific salmon considered to be?

Answer 27

Iteroparous

Question 28

Which adaptation allows fast-moving fish like tuna and marlin to swim efficiently?

Answer 28

Narrow caudal peduncle and sickle-shaped tail

Question 29

What is the primary function of the lateral line system in fish?

Answer 29

Detecting movement

Question 30

How do freshwater fish maintain osmotic balance?

Answer 30

They actively pump salt in through gills

Question 31

What type of scales are most common in teleost fish?

Answer 31

Cycloid and ctenoid scales

Question 32

What allows salmon to return to their birth stream?

Answer 32

Imprinted odor memory

Question 33

What is the function of myomeres in fish?

Answer 33

Muscle power and control

Question 34

Which group makes up approximately 96% of all living fish?

Answer 34

Teleosts

Question 35

What is the primary function of the operculum?

Answer 35

Protecting and pumping water over gills

Question 36

How do lungfish survive during drought conditions?

Answer 36

They form a protective cocoon

Question 37

What type of reproduction is most common in bony fish?

Answer 37

External fertilization (oviparous)

Question 38

Which adaptation helps fish maintain vertical position?

Answer 38

Dorsal fin

Question 39

What is unique about coelacanth reproduction?

Answer 39

They give live birth

Question 40

Which statement about modern fishing is accurate?

Answer 40

More boats are catching fewer fish

Question 41

Which of the following best describes the diving reflex in marine mammals?

Answer 41

It is triggered by facial contact with cold water

Question 42

What is the scientific name for the walrus family?

Answer 42

Odobenidae

Question 43

Which characteristic is unique to baleen whales compared to toothed whales?

Answer 43

Two external blowholes

Question 44

What is the main threat facing polar bears in their Arctic habitat?

Answer 44

Sea ice melt

Question 45

Which species of baleen whale is NOT a rorqual?

Answer 45

Right whale

Question 46

What distinguishes sea lions from true seals?

Answer 46

Visible external ears

Question 47

Which adaptation helps sperm whales with echolocation?

Answer 47

Large fat deposits in the brain case

Question 48

What is unique about manatee social structure?

Answer 48

Lack of social structure due to no predators

Question 49

What feature do walruses and sea lions share?

Answer 49

Modified limbs to walk on land

Question 50

What is the primary diet of sirenians?

Answer 50

Vegetation

Question 51

What adaptation helps cetaceans dive effectively?

Answer 51

High hemoglobin content in blood

Question 52

What is the purpose of a dolphin's signature whistle?

Answer 52

Individual identification

Question 53

How do walruses use their tusks?

Answer 53

Multiple purposes including fighting and ice climbing

Question 54

What characterizes the social structure of humpback whales?

Answer 54

Short-term associations

Question 55

Which feature is unique to sea otters among marine mammals?

Answer 55

Tool use for feeding

Question 56

What is the primary challenge in studying marine mammal vocalizations?

Answer 56

Different sound properties underwater

Question 57

How do marine mammals maintain their body temperature?

Answer 57

Using blubber and other insulation

Question 58

What adaptation helps marine mammals dive for extended periods?

Answer 58

Modified metabolism

Question 59

What role do marine mammals play in their ecosystems?

Answer 59

Keystone species in food webs

Question 59

Which threat most impacts manatees in Florida?

Answer 59

Food scarcity

Question 60

What is ocean acidification primarily caused by?

Answer 60

Absorption of atmospheric CO2

Question 61

Which of the following is a direct effect of ocean acidification on marine organisms?

Answer 61

Reduced ability to build calcium carbonate shells

Question 62

What is the primary cause of harmful algal blooms (HABs)?

Answer 62

Excess nutrients from agricultural runoff

Question 63

In the carbon cycle, what is a carbon reservoir?

Answer 63

A location where carbon is stored

Question 64

Which species has been most prominent in the shark fin trade according to recent studies?

Answer 64

Blue shark

Question 65

What is the Redfield ratio for nitrogen to phosphorus in marine systems?

Answer 65

16:1

Question 66

How do coral reefs respond to increased ocean acidification?

Answer 66

Their skeletal structure weakens

Question 67

Which method is most effective for containing oil spills?

Answer 67

Booms

Question 68

What percentage of global CO2 emissions does the ocean absorb annually?

Answer 68

About 25%

Question 69

What is eutrophication?

Answer 69

The increased supply of organic matter due to excess nutrients

Question 70

How do shark populations affect marine ecosystems?

Answer 70

They maintain ecosystem balance as apex predators

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a major carbon reservoir?

Answer 71

Stratosphere

Question 72

What is the primary impact of coral bleaching?

Answer 72

Loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae

Question 73

In the context of marine ecosystems, what is a limiting factor?

Answer 73

The scarcest resource that controls growth

Question 74

Which human activity has the greatest impact on marine ecosystems?

Answer 74

Burning of fossil fuels

Question 75

What is the main purpose of coral restoration projects?

Answer 75

restore damaged reef ecosystems

Question 76

How does ocean acidification affect the pH of seawater?

Answer 76

Makes it more acidic

Question 77

What is the primary function of phytoplankton in marine ecosystems?

Answer 77

Producing oxygen through photosynthesis

Question 78

Which solution has the greatest potential for reducing ocean acidification?

Answer 78

Reducing CO2 emissions

Question 79

What is the relationship between coral polyps and zooxanthellae?

Answer 79

Symbiotic relationship