Final Test Questions

Question 1

Describe the native people of America on the eve of European arrival on the shores of the Western Hemisphere.

Answer 1

Large, heterogenous spread across america with diverse societies

Question 2

Identify the various factors that enabled Cortés to conquer the Mexica with such a small force of Spanish conquistadores.
military technological superiority
smallpox and other diseases carried from Europe to the Americas
conflict among Native American peoples
superiority of Spanish cultural advancements

Answer 2

123

Question 3

The greatest decrease to the Native American population during the sixteenth century was attributed to casualties from direct combat with European settlers.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

When analyzing the early colonial period, historians use the term Columbian Exchange to discuss one of its most relevant features. Which statement describes what happened during the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 4

The Columbian Exchange refers to the early contact between the New and the Old Worlds as they exchanged crops, animals, and infectious diseases among other things.

Question 5

What does the illustration above reveal about Spanish attitudes toward Native Americans in their colonies?

Spanish officials looked to Native Americans as future citizens and sources of revenue for the state.
Spaniards exploited Native Americans to enrich themselves.
Native Americans were given equal opportunities as the Spanish.
Spaniards often coerced the natives to convert to Catholicism.

Answer 5

124

Question 6

The introduction of horses to the Great Plains of North America was a part of the Spanish colonial legacy. Identify the role of horses in the Plains Indian lifestyle and the impact these animals had on their lives.

Answer 6

Horses replaced dogs as Plains Indians’ beasts of burden following the thriving Pueblo horse trade. This greatly benefited Plains tribes in making them much more effective hunters and warriors.

Question 7

Plants and animals were extremely different in the two worlds.
How did the introduction of new foods into the “Old” World directly affect the fate of the “New” World?

Answer 7

New foods led to a population explosion in Europe and an increase in the number of prospective settlers coming to the “New” World.

Question 8

The most widespread and best known of the Southwest pueblo cultures were the _______________. In ancient times they developed extensive settlements in the “Four Corners” region.

Answer 8

Anasazi

Question 9

Several indigenous cultures such as the Hopewell and Adena peoples are best known for leaving vast
cliff side dwellings
pyramid shaped temples
burial mounds
caches of pots

Answer 9

3

Question 10

How many voyages did Columbus make to the Americas?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

Spain left a lasting legacy in the borderlands from California to Florida. Spanish ______ eventually transformed Indian life on the plains. Catholic missionaries contributed to the destruction of the old ways of life be exterminating ________ beliefs in the Southwest.

Answer 11

horses and heathen

Question 12

Identify the events that took place in Kansas as a result of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
In the 1855 election, individuals from Missouri entered into Kansas and illegally elected pro-slavery legislatures.
Rival groups, both pro- and anti-slavery, attempted to gain political control of the territory and recruited immigrants to move to Kansas.
Free-state advocates met in Topeka, drafted a free-state constitution, and applied for statehood.
The Kansas governor personally removed any pro-slavery members to ensure an anti-slavery legislature.

Answer 12

123

Question 13

The term Bleeding Kansas referred to the purging of anti-slavery members from the state legislature following the election of 1855.

Answer 13

F

Question 13

The term Bleeding Kansas referred to the purging of anti-slavery members from the state legislature following the election of 1855.

Answer 13

f

Question 13

In his inaugural address on March 4, 1861, Lincoln made many pledges.

Identify some of these promises made by the president-elect.

He pledged to defend Fort Sumter and insisted he would not hesitate to use force against people anywhere.
Lincoln insisted that the Union is “perpetual” and that no state could lawfully leave the Union.
He pledged to continue seeking a peaceful solution to the conflict.
He pledged not to obstruct the institution of slavery in states where it existed.

Answer 13

234

Question 14

US Supreme Court ruling that slaves were not U.S. citizens and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in territories.
Plessy v. Fergeson
Roe v. Wade
Brown v. Board
Dred Scott v. Sandford

Answer 14

4

Question 15

On May 22nd, 1856 Preston S. Brooks, a South Carolina congressman (who supported slavery) beat Senator _______________ (who earlier made an impassioned speech against slavery) with a cane on the Senate floor nearly killing him.
Charles Pickney
Charles Sumner
Abraham Lincoln
William Seward

Answer 15

2

Question 16

________________, an extreme abolitionist and many of his followers raided the federal weapons arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia with the plan to take it over, and arm slaves triggering a mass uprising. His plan failed
Robert E Lee
John Brown
John Roberts
Abraham Lincoln

Answer 16

2

Question 17

Identify the main advantages each side had during the Civil War.
Union

Confederate
four-to-one advantage in human resources

geography and knowledge of the terrain

Answer 17

four-to-one advantage in human resources

geography and knowledge of the terrain

Question 18

Identify the main advantages each side had during the Civil War.
Union

Confederate
industrial development and infrastructure
defensive war

Answer 18

industrial development and infrastructure
defensive war

Question 19

What was President Lincoln’s primary motivation for directly attacking the institution of slavery?

Answer 19

Following numerous Union defeats in the South, Lincoln moved to weaken the Confederacy by dismantling the institution of slavery beacause “we must free the slaves or ourselves be subdued.”

Question 20

President James Buchanan was a bold, decisive president after several southern states seceded and immediately took action to strengthen Union forts in the South.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

One contemporary journalist wrote, “No conflict in history was such a woman’s war as the Civil War.” Identify a way in which women contributed to the war efforts that support this statement.

Answer 21

Women played prominent roles in the war, ranging from working as nurses to supporting the freedman’s aid movement.

Question 22

Military order issued by President Abraham Lincoln that freed slaves in areas still controlled by the Confederacy.
Gettysburg Adress
Thirteenth Amendment
Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 22

3

Question 23

Grant drastically changed the Union military strategy. Where his predecessors had focused on trying to capture Richmond, he would defeat the Confederate army the Union army capture city by city protect Washington D.C.

Answer 23

1

Question 23

Why was the Civil War considered the first “modern” war? A variety of new weapons were used in battle that could kill more accurately and at greater distances. Civilians could follow the status of the war through newspapers and photo exhibits. Innovations in communications such as the telegraph were developed for military use. Civilians could keep track of the dead and wounded through weekly memos that were released to local governments. Civilians and civilian infrastructure and economies were targeted

Answer 23

?

Question 24

According to Senator John Sherman, the war resulted in capitalists such as J. P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie, who imagined making “millions as confidently as formerly of thousands” after the war.

Answer 24

T

Question 25

Identify the reasons that the Battle of Vicksburg was so crucial to the Union cause. Gaining control of this Confederate stronghold would split the Confederacy in two. Gaining control of this Confederate stronghold would prevent Confederate armies from receiving vital resources. It was a rail-only junction that forbade any river crossing between Memphis and New Orleans. Capturing Vicksburg needed to be the final step in the Union’s strategy, as it was the capital city for the Confederate cause.

Answer 25

12

Question 26

Identify how Robert E. Lee responded to the Battle of Vicksburg. He sought to develop a military strategy that would persuade Copperhead Democrats to end the war. He would surround the Union army in Vicksburg, force them to enter the city, and subjugate them to the same treatment endured by Rebel soldiers. He would retreat south to devise a plan for a single infantry division to sneak into the city of Vicksburg and lead a counterattack against the Union soldiers outside the city. He would strike again into the North to force a Union retreat from Vicksburg to defend its home territory.

Answer 26

14

Question 27

After retreat the Confederates rallied around Stonewall Jackson and beat the Union army.

Answer 27

First Bull Run

Question 28

A union thrust against the Confederate army in Kentucky and Tennessee that ended with a Confederate army of 12,000 surrendered to Ulysses Grant reinforcements prevented a disastrous Union defeat. In the end the Union army withdrew leaving Richmond (Confederate capital) safe.

Answer 28

Fort Henry and Donelson

Question 29

a turning point battle that left 25,000 soldiers dead or wounded. Union forces halted a Confederate invasion.

Answer 29

Battle of Antietam

Question 30

deadly Confederate victory. General Burnside sent wave after wave of soldiers to assault Lee's outnumbered forces, wh were well entrenched on a line off ridges and behind stone walls. A Union general regretted the battle and called it "a great slaughter pen."

Answer 30

Fredricksburg

Question 31

Another Lee victory. he split his army and surprised the Union army smashing its flank and forcing it to retreat.

Answer 31

Chancellorsville

Question 32

Initially it appeared as if it would be a great Confederate victory but Grant held on and forced the Confederates to retreat. He would later say it was after this battle and that he couldnt walk in any direction without having to step over corpses that he realized the only way for the cruel war to end would be through complete conquest.

Answer 32

Shiloh

Question 33

a protracted battle in northern Mississippi in which Union forces under Ulysses S Grant besieged the last major Confederate fortress (at the time it was thought of being undefeatable) on the Mississippi, forcing the inhabitants and army into starvation and then submission.

Answer 33

Battle of Vicksburg

Question 34

Throughtout the spring of 1865 General Gran's army kept pussing, probing and battling Lees army. Lee would later surrender at a court house here.

Answer 34

Appomattox

Question 35

Why did soldiers from both sides fight? slavery manly duty patriotism honor independence states rights

Answer 35

all

Question 36

What was the most significant motivator for Americans to move west across the Mississippi River? The majority of settlers were either runaway slaves or black freed men who moved west to gain freedom from slavery and persecution. Americans went to fight in the war against Mexico over control of portions of Texas and territory farther west. The majority of settlers were looking for a chance to improve their economic standing. Most settlers were fleeing religious persecution.

Answer 36

3

Question 37

California as a free state: Fugitive Slave Act: Slave trade: New territories: Texas's border:

Answer 37

Compromise of 1850

Question 38

The Fugitive Slave Act was the most _______ proposal in the Compromise of 1850. Not only did it_____ the authority of slave catchers, it made possible the______ of free blacks in northern “free states” under the pretense that they were _____ slaves.

Answer 38

controversial reinforce kidnapping runaway

Question 39

The lure of fertile land and economic opportunities in the Pacific Northwest drew hundreds of thousands of settlers westward, beginning in the late 1830's.

Answer 39

Oregon Fever

Question 40

How did slaves resist their oppression? armed rebellion refused to disobey their masters sabotaging equipment formed families formed religion intentional work slow downs

Answer 40

all except 2

Question 41

How did the political and economic goals of the North and the South differ during the early years of the nineteenth century? Economically, the South was still heavily reliant on agriculture and failed to industrialize at the same rate as the North. Economically, the North relied on the cotton grown in the South to drive the industrial revolution by feeding textile mills of New England, whose wage workers used it to make thread, yarn, bedding, and clothing. The South and the North favored complementary economic and political policies that were anti-British in nature.

Answer 41

1 2

Question 42

What was the primary driver of the southern economy through 1860? Europeans, primarily the British and French, demanded raw southern cotton. By 1860, most southern plantation owners had shifted from an agricultural economy to a livestock-based economy. By 1860, the South had built a primarily industrial economy and had moved away from cotton cultivation. The southern agricultural economy diversified from a strictly cotton economy to include other cash crops such as rice, indigo, tobacco and sugar

Answer 42

not last 2

Question 43

Identify the various activities that were forbidden to slaves through formal slave codes in each state. Slaves could not hit a white man, even in self-defense. Some codes forced slaves to carry the daily haul of cotton into town for trading. In most states, slaves could not testify in court. Some codes made it a crime for slaves to learn to read and write.

Answer 43

all except 2

Question 44

How did Jefferson’s decision to ban American involvement in the African slave trade impact the institution of slavery in the United States? An increasing number of children were separated from their parents, and husbands from wives because they were sold. Slave trading significantly diminished, and masters were stuck with large enslaved families that they could not get rid of. Slaves from the South were sold and moved to Virginia as the state attempted to reestablish its tobacco industry.

Answer 44

1

Question 45

What does the African American folklore story of “Brer Rabbit” reveal about life for those who were enslaved?

Answer 45

African Americans devised ingenious ways of resisting their enslavement by forging their own sense of community and inventing stories of resistance.

Question 46

Many slave owners had their slaves frequently whipped as a means of symbolizing their absolute control over the slaves.

Answer 46

T