Midterm Vocab

Question 1

Interpreting past events and people based on present-day knowledge and values.

Answer 1

Presentism

Question 2

The widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World (Europe, Asia, Africa) after Christopher Columbus’ voyages.

Answer 2

Columbian Exchange

Question 3

The journey enslaved Africans were forced to undertake across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade.

Answer 3

Middle Passage

Question 4

A trade system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving the exchange of goods, slaves, and raw materials.

Answer 4

Triangle Trade

Question 5

Business entities where shares of the company’s stock can be bought and sold by shareholders.

Answer 5

Joint Stock Companies

Question 6

Individuals who worked under a contract for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to the New World and eventual freedom.

Answer 6

Indentured Servants

Question 7

A series of British laws that restricted colonial trade and navigation, favoring English commercial interests.

Answer 7

Navigation Acts

Question 8

The treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War, recognizing American independence from Britain.

Answer 8

Treaty of Paris

Question 9

An economic theory emphasizing that a country’s wealth is determined by its accumulation of gold and silver.

Answer 9

Mercantilism

Question 10

A proposal for a unified colonial government, presented by Benjamin Franklin during the French and Indian War.

Answer 10

Albany Plan of Union

Question 11

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine advocating for American independence from Britain.

Answer 11

Common Sense

Question 12

An incident in 1770 where British soldiers killed five colonists in Boston, further escalating tensions between Britain and the colonies.

Answer 12

Boston Massacre

Question 13

A coordinated refusal to buy or use goods or services as a form of protest or persuasion.

Answer 13

Boycott

Question 14

A decisive battle during the American Revolutionary War that led to the surrender of British forces and effectively ended the war.

Answer 14

Battle of Yorktown

Question 15

A significant presidential election where Thomas Jefferson was elected, resulting in the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties.

Answer 15

Election of 1800

Question 16

A series of laws passed by the U.S. government in 1798, targeting immigrants and limiting freedom of speech.

Answer 16

Alien and Sedition Acts

Question 17

An expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the western portion of the United States after the Louisiana Purchase.

Answer 17

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Question 18

The acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France by the United States in 1803.

Answer 18

Louisiana Purchase

Question 19

A violent tax protest in the United States in 1791-1794, primarily in the western frontier regions.

Answer 19

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 20

An act passed in 1798 that increased the residency requirement for U.S. citizenship from 5 to 14 years.

Answer 20

Naturalization Act

Question 21

A legal agreement signed by the Pilgrims in 1620, establishing a form of self-government and majority rule.

Answer 21

Mayflower Compact

Question 22

Conflicts between English settlers and Native American tribes in the 17th century.

Answer 22

Pequot War/King Philip’s War

Question 23

A 17th-century Dutch colony in North America, encompassing parts of present-day New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Connecticut.

Answer 23

New Netherland

Question 24

Laws in the Southern colonies that controlled and restricted enslaved people’s actions and rights.

Answer 24

Slave Codes

Question 25

A period of intellectual and philosophical growth emphasizing reason, science, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.

Answer 25

Enlightenment

Question 26

A series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1767 imposing duties on items such as glass, paper, and tea imported to the American colonies.

Answer 26

Townshend Acts

Question 27

Also known as the Intolerable Acts, these were laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party, further increasing colonial tensions.

Answer 27

Coercive Acts

Question 28

A British order that prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, attempting to ease tensions with Native American tribes.

Answer 28

Proclamation Line of 1763

Question 29

Individuals who are not professional soldiers but temporarily serve in the military during times of need.

Answer 29

Citizen Soldiers

Question 30

A political faction in the early United States associated with Thomas Jefferson, advocating for states' rights and an agrarian society.

Answer 30

Jeffersonian Republicans

Question 31

A landmark U.S. Supreme Court case (1803) that established the principle of judicial review, giving the Court the power to strike down laws deemed unconstitutional.

Answer 31

Marbury v. Madison

Question 32

Signs of Fake News

Answer 32

bias, crazy titles, sus info

Question 33

Role of Historians/Students of History

Answer 33

To analyze history without presentism and look for correct news

Question 34

Why Spanish Colonized the Americas

Answer 34

to extract gold and silver from the Americas, to stimulate the Spanish economy and make Spain a more powerful country.

Question 35

Reasons for English (Puritan) Colonization

Answer 35

to gain the liberty to worship God as they chose

Question 36

Rights of Women in Colonial America

Answer 36

Women were not allowed to vote or hold public office. A married woman's legal identity was represented by her husband.

Question 37

Native American/Algonquian Beliefs:

Answer 37

the "Great Spirit" one chief and God nature a central part

Question 38

Differences Between the 13 Colonies:

Answer 38

New England had craftsmen skilled in shipbuilding. The Mid-Atlantic had a workforce of farmers, fishermen, and merchants. The Southern Colonies were mostly agricultural with few cities and limited schools.

Question 39

Native American cultures that existed in the present-day Four Corners region of the United States.

Answer 39

Ancestral Puebloans

Question 40

Prehistoric Native American cultures known for extensive earthen mounds and ceremonial sites in the Ohio River Valley.

Answer 40

Hopewell and Adena Tribes

Question 41

A joint-stock company that received a charter to establish a settlement in present-day Virginia, leading to the founding of Jamestown in 1607.

Answer 41

Virginia Company

Question 42

One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, known for his contributions as a statesman, scientist, and writer.

Answer 42

Benjamin Franklin

Question 43

A conflict between the British and French in North America (1754-1763), a part of the larger Seven Years' War.

Answer 43

French and Indian War

Question 44

An influential writer and political philosopher, author of "Common Sense" and "The American Crisis."

Answer 44

Thomas Paine

Question 45

The first President of the United States and a Founding Father.

Answer 45

George Washington

Question 46

A Founding Father, key figure in the creation of the U.S. financial system, and the first Secretary of the Treasury.

Answer 46

Alexander Hamilton

Question 47

A Founding Father, principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and third President of the United States.

Answer 47

Thomas Jefferson

Question 48

A secret organization of American colonists that opposed British policies and taxation.

Answer 48

Sons of Liberty

Question 49

Women who displayed their patriotism by participating in boycotts and making goods during the American Revolution.

Answer 49

Daughters of Liberty

Question 50

Iraquois Why did they have a confederation Were women in charge or men

Answer 50

Cemented mainly by their desire to stand together against invasion, the tribes united in a common council composed of clan and village chiefs; each tribe had one vote, and unanimity was required for decisions While Iroquois sachems (chiefs-leaders) were men, women nominated them for their leadership positions and made sure they fulfilled their responsibilities.

Question 51

Why didn't Vikings stay in the North America's "New World"?

Answer 51

Perhaps there were too few of them to sustain a settlement. Or they may have been forced out by American Indians.

Question 52

how did the collection of gold and silver in the america's affect Europe? was it good or bad? too much money in system because of it?

Answer 52

It helped Europe with money problems but caused hyperinflation, damaging them down the road.

Question 53

Spanish explorers came into Americas in search of city of gold did they ever find them?

Answer 53

The Spaniards didn't find El Dorado, but they did find Lake Guatavita

Question 54

What was life like in south carolina in 17th century disease crops-important ones

Answer 54

Smallpox a constant threat indigo and rice--other southern ones were tobacco and cotton

Question 55

Central colonies more religious freedom? citizenship for women?

Answer 55

Had more religious freedom No citizenship for women in any colonies

Question 56

Where did German's go in English colonies?

Answer 56

The first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies in the 1670s, and they settled primarily in the colonial states of Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia.

Question 57

The colonists argued which of the following against British powers a. could impress sailors b. could impose taxes only to increase revenue c. should have no power in colonies

Answer 57

c?

Question 58

What is common sense and what did it do?

Answer 58

Common Sense is a 47-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–1776 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. By promoting the idea of American exceptionalism and the need to form a new nation to realize its promise,

Question 59

Why were we negotioting in london with Jay's Treaty

Answer 59

Jay's Treaty was so unpopular because it really didn't settle anything between America and Britain and because John Jay failed to open up the profitable British West Indies trade to Americans. More info: Jay's treaty was for one purpose. It was to stop Britain from impressing American sailors, but it never resolved that. It did resolve a few problems though. A) Britain troops to leave forts in Northwest territory. B) Solve disputes with debts from the revolutionary war. C) And deal with some issues dealing with the U.S. / Canadian border.

Question 60

Who ran against who in 1796 and 1800--why was that one so important

Answer 60

1796-Adams beats Jefferson 1800-Jefferson beats Adams was an example of the first peaceful transfer of power from one American political party to another.

Question 61

a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the collective pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the Constitution of the United States

Answer 61

Federalists papers

Question 62

SA: How did slaves rebel against their owners

Answer 62

day-to-day resistance The most common form of resistance was day-to-day resistance or small acts of rebellion. This form of resistance included sabotage, such as breaking tools or setting fire to buildings. They also formed large rebellions like the Nat Turner Rebellion and the Stono Rebellion

Question 63

SA: Give me two examples of groups who came to the america's and found toleration

Answer 63

The Puritans came from England to escape the monarchy and found religious freedom in America's The pilgrims also faced religious persecution in England and came to America. They founded the Plymouth colony

Question 64

SA: Why did the colonists leave Europe for North America

Answer 64

They wanted political liberties, religious freedom, and economic opportunity. America became a place that valued individual rights and self-government.

Question 65

SA: Share the most important moment or battle of the Revolutionary War and explain choice

Answer 65

I think that the battle of Saratoga was the most important battle! The Battle of Saratoga showed the French that the Patriots were capable of fighting the British, and this would ultimately lead to a military alliance with France. The Battle of Saratoga was the first decisive victory over the British and showed them that the Patriots were capable of winning major battles, and possibly the war.

Question 66

SA: Describe the argument between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists

Answer 66

the Anti-Federalists opposing the creation of a strong national government and rejecting ratification and the Federalists advocating a strong union and adoption of the Constitution.

Question 67

SA: How did women or a specific woman contribute to the founding or framing of the united states

Answer 67

Women helped in the revolutionary war by being nurses, providing supplys, and sometimes even fighting in the war. Abigail Adams tried to convince her husband to "remember the ladies" but saw little change. Although these didn't change their status, it inspired change for later in America. Things like women's suffrage and the equal rights amendment would not have been possible without the spark from the revolutionary war.

Question 68

SA: List at least 5 amendments and the rights found in those amendments found in the Bill of Rights

Answer 68

Amendment I: Freedoms, petitions, assembly: cannot make laws restricting religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of protest/assembly Amendment II: Right to bear arms-gives the right to the people to keep and bear arms Amendment III: Quartering Soldiers-soldiers cannot stay in persons house without consent Amendment IV: Search and Arrest: protects against unwanted searches and seizures Amendment X: states rights-powers not deligated by consitution nor prohibited by state are reserved to the states or the people

Question 69

SA: What was wrong with the Articles of Confederation?

Answer 69

No central leadership (executive branch) Congress had no power to enforce its laws. Congress had no power to tax. Congress had no power to regulate trade. No national court system (judicial branch) Changes to the Articles required unanimous. consent of 13 states.

Question 70

was a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War.

Answer 70

The XYZ Affair

Question 71

was one of Boston's most prominent revolutionary leaders. He was known for his ability to harness popular resentment against Parliament's authority to tax the colonies in a productive manner. His role in the origins of the American War of Independence cannot be understated.

Answer 71

Samuel Adams

Question 72

He was the author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, which was adopted three weeks before the national Declaration of Independence; and in this he charted the rights of human beings much more fully than Jefferson did in the immortal but necessarily compressed paragraph in the more famous document.

Answer 72

george mason

Question 73

were meant to break Massachusetts Bay and to warn the other colonies of the consequences of rebellious behavior. Each act was specifically designed to cause severe damage to a particular aspect of colonial life.

Answer 73

The Coercive Acts

Question 74

was a leader of the Odawa tribe located in the area of modern-day Ontario, Canada, and the Great Lakes region. He led a rebellion against the British colonists after they expanded their military presence in the Great Lakes area during and after the French and Indian War.

Answer 74

Pontiac's Rebellion

Question 75

One of the best-known of all feuds in Texas was the ____________. In northeast Texas following the Civil War, this was not simply a feud between families but a continuation of the war that would last for four bloody years after the rest of the nation had laid down their arms

Answer 75

Peacock war

Question 76

was an outburst of Protestant Revivalism in the eighteenth century. The beliefs of the New Lights of the First Great Awakening competed with the more conservative religion of the first colonists, who were known as Old Lights.

Answer 76

The Great Awakening

Question 77

It represents centuries of effort to find a route westward from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic Archipelago of what became Canada.

Answer 77

The northwest passage

Question 78

were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant.

Answer 78

The Puritans