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Environment and society > Final UNIT > Flashcards

Final UNIT Flashcards

1
Q

Rebound effect

A

gains efficiency fails to lead to reductions in consumption we invest efficiency gains into other carbon producing areas

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2
Q

Energy intensity

A

amount of energy required to produce worlds economic output

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3
Q

Carbon Intensity

A

amount of carbon required to produce worlds economic output

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4
Q

Natural Capital

A

assets indispensable for human survival and economic activity provided by the ecosystem

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5
Q

Decoupling

A

ability of economy to grows without corresponding increases in environmental pressure growth without CO2

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6
Q

Treadmill of wealth

A

as a person makes more money expectations and desires rise in tandem, which results in no permanent gain in happiness

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7
Q

Metabolic rift

A

inherent in capitalism robbing countries of natural resources to fix ours

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8
Q

O Connors thesis

A

Overproduction leads to economic crises, which leads to labor movements, and Underproduction leads to ecological crises which lead to environmental movements

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9
Q

EKC (Environmental Kruznets Curve

A

Pollution indexes increase rather than decrease with economic affluence

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10
Q

What does the EKC curve really show

A

that companies move to exploit more lax laws only focusing on emissions the graph is both right and wrong affluent nations contribute the most but are also the most efficent

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11
Q

Coase theorem

A

when property rights are involved parties gravitate towards mutual beneficency people do what is in there best interest for their private property

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12
Q

Michael Porter

A

argues that stricter environmental regulations are in the interests of businesses

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13
Q

Foucauldian governance

A

blaming of individuals population as its target political econ as its major form of knowledge

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14
Q

Welfare economics

A

humans wellbeing equals economic well being can often be a form of reductionism

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15
Q

Pareto Optimality Standard

A

idea of trickle down economics that if one person is better off and nobody is worse off than it is a good policy it doesn’t matter who is better off though

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16
Q

Tyranny of present

A

decrease money equals decrease in welfare econ places emphasis on now instead of the future

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17
Q

Self interest

A

belief that everyone is selfish free rider problem stems from this

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18
Q

Common property regimes

A

joint management of the resource system by its co owners

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19
Q

Open regimes

A

way to reduce costs by opening property up to everyone costs can be reduced if activities can be shared collectively type of co-op system

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20
Q

Precautionary Principle

A

Something like tech is harmful until it is proven safe do not emit a substance till we know exactly what it does

21
Q

Discounting

A

Trickle forward economics an increment of value today is worth more than a billion deaths in four hundred years

22
Q

Open access property

A

not managed by anyone access to it is not controlled

23
Q

Tragedy of the commons

A

Individuals with access to a public resource act in own self interest and in doing so deplete the resource

24
Q

Postnormal Science

A

conception of the management of complex science related issues “when facts are uncertain”

25
Q

effective speed

A

Not only calculating trip speed but also cost of mode of transportation such as time spent at work to earn money for car helps with concept that going faster in motor vehicles makes them less effective

26
Q

Vulnerable road users

A

pedestrians and cyclists that are at greater risk of injury

27
Q

Disability Adjusted life years

A

sum of potential life years lost due to premature mortality

28
Q

Habitat Fragmentation

A

emergence of discontinuation in an organisms preferred envi, very common in animals often times they need tunnels to connect habitats

29
Q

Islandization

A

effect on chunking up of wildlife corridors separating them as well

30
Q

Wildlife Corridors

A

areas of habitat connecting wildlife populations

31
Q

Social capital

A

Social networks/norms that come with frequent interaction

32
Q

Community severance

A

social impact associated with transport one does not want to leave because all of their existence exists in city also takes in to account for example having to walk after leaving a train to get somewhere for a while means you are less likely to do it

33
Q

Free parking

A

encourages driving because you can park anywhere

34
Q

Law of highway congestion

A

more roads makes congestion worse increase in capacity equals increase in volume

35
Q

HOV (high occupancy vehicle) lanes

A

largely useless most people carpooling anyways

36
Q

Street Hierarchy

A

eliminates interconnections of streets

37
Q

Interconnected streetmodels

A

slower to navigate but less congested

38
Q

Gas Taxes

A

gas price increases and peoples consumption decreases has negative effect on commuters and poor

39
Q

pay as you drive insurance

A

only pay for the miles you are actually driving if payed on this basis driving would go down 8%

40
Q

Amartya Sens

A

A theory of justice based on fairness should be directly and deeply concerned with effective freedom - capability - of actual people to achieve the lives they have reason to value

41
Q

Community Capitals Framework (CCF)

A

provides a comprehensive way to categorize a community’s assets and explore the relationships among them

42
Q

Conspicuous consumption

A

The idea that we consume at least in part to display to others our social power and status

43
Q

Environmental Justice

A

Seeing the environment as not just nature but also where and how people live and how they are effected by climate change

44
Q

5 sociological mechanisms

A

Social Comparison
Creation of Self-identity: Sense of self is tied to consumption
Specialization: How production only specializes in one product like the OG model T
Sociotechnical systems: There are broader sociological reasons that belie the concept
Planned Obsolescence

45
Q

Happy life years

A

the amount of happy years one can expect to live within a country

46
Q

Happy planet index

A

is an index of human well-being and environmental impact

47
Q

Limits to growth

A

the possibility of a exponential economic and population growth with finite supply of resources

47
Q

Limits to growth

A

the possibility of a exponential economic and population growth with finite supply of resources

Environment and society (2 decks)

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