Final UNIT

Question 1

Rebound effect

Answer 1

gains efficiency fails to lead to reductions in consumption we invest efficiency gains into other carbon producing areas

Question 2

Energy intensity

Answer 2

amount of energy required to produce worlds economic output

Question 3

Carbon Intensity

Answer 3

amount of carbon required to produce worlds economic output

Question 4

Natural Capital

Answer 4

assets indispensable for human survival and economic activity provided by the ecosystem

Question 5

Decoupling

Answer 5

ability of economy to grows without corresponding increases in environmental pressure growth without CO2

Question 6

Treadmill of wealth

Answer 6

as a person makes more money expectations and desires rise in tandem, which results in no permanent gain in happiness

Question 7

Metabolic rift

Answer 7

inherent in capitalism robbing countries of natural resources to fix ours

Question 8

O Connors thesis

Answer 8

Overproduction leads to economic crises, which leads to labor movements, and Underproduction leads to ecological crises which lead to environmental movements

Question 9

EKC (Environmental Kruznets Curve

Answer 9

Pollution indexes increase rather than decrease with economic affluence

Question 10

What does the EKC curve really show

Answer 10

that companies move to exploit more lax laws only focusing on emissions the graph is both right and wrong affluent nations contribute the most but are also the most efficent

Question 11

Coase theorem

Answer 11

when property rights are involved parties gravitate towards mutual beneficency people do what is in there best interest for their private property

Question 12

Michael Porter

Answer 12

argues that stricter environmental regulations are in the interests of businesses

Question 13

Foucauldian governance

Answer 13

blaming of individuals population as its target political econ as its major form of knowledge

Question 14

Welfare economics

Answer 14

humans wellbeing equals economic well being can often be a form of reductionism

Question 15

Pareto Optimality Standard

Answer 15

idea of trickle down economics that if one person is better off and nobody is worse off than it is a good policy it doesn’t matter who is better off though

Question 16

Tyranny of present

Answer 16

decrease money equals decrease in welfare econ places emphasis on now instead of the future

Question 17

Self interest

Answer 17

belief that everyone is selfish free rider problem stems from this

Question 18

Common property regimes

Answer 18

joint management of the resource system by its co owners

Question 19

Open regimes

Answer 19

way to reduce costs by opening property up to everyone costs can be reduced if activities can be shared collectively type of co-op system

Question 20

Precautionary Principle

Answer 20

Something like tech is harmful until it is proven safe do not emit a substance till we know exactly what it does

Question 21

Discounting

Answer 21

Trickle forward economics an increment of value today is worth more than a billion deaths in four hundred years

Question 22

Open access property

Answer 22

not managed by anyone access to it is not controlled

Question 23

Tragedy of the commons

Answer 23

Individuals with access to a public resource act in own self interest and in doing so deplete the resource

Question 24

Postnormal Science

Answer 24

conception of the management of complex science related issues “when facts are uncertain”

Question 25

effective speed

Answer 25

Not only calculating trip speed but also cost of mode of transportation such as time spent at work to earn money for car helps with concept that going faster in motor vehicles makes them less effective

Question 26

Vulnerable road users

Answer 26

pedestrians and cyclists that are at greater risk of injury

Question 27

Disability Adjusted life years

Answer 27

sum of potential life years lost due to premature mortality

Question 28

Habitat Fragmentation

Answer 28

emergence of discontinuation in an organisms preferred envi, very common in animals often times they need tunnels to connect habitats

Question 29

Islandization

Answer 29

effect on chunking up of wildlife corridors separating them as well

Question 30

Wildlife Corridors

Answer 30

areas of habitat connecting wildlife populations

Question 31

Social capital

Answer 31

Social networks/norms that come with frequent interaction

Question 32

Community severance

Answer 32

social impact associated with transport one does not want to leave because all of their existence exists in city also takes in to account for example having to walk after leaving a train to get somewhere for a while means you are less likely to do it

Question 33

Free parking

Answer 33

encourages driving because you can park anywhere

Question 34

Law of highway congestion

Answer 34

more roads makes congestion worse increase in capacity equals increase in volume

Question 35

HOV (high occupancy vehicle) lanes

Answer 35

largely useless most people carpooling anyways

Question 36

Street Hierarchy

Answer 36

eliminates interconnections of streets

Question 37

Interconnected streetmodels

Answer 37

slower to navigate but less congested

Question 38

Gas Taxes

Answer 38

gas price increases and peoples consumption decreases has negative effect on commuters and poor

Question 39

pay as you drive insurance

Answer 39

only pay for the miles you are actually driving if payed on this basis driving would go down 8%

Question 40

Amartya Sens

Answer 40

A theory of justice based on fairness should be directly and deeply concerned with effective freedom - capability - of actual people to achieve the lives they have reason to value

Question 41

Community Capitals Framework (CCF)

Answer 41

provides a comprehensive way to categorize a community's assets and explore the relationships among them

Question 42

Conspicuous consumption

Answer 42

The idea that we consume at least in part to display to others our social power and status

Question 43

Environmental Justice

Answer 43

Seeing the environment as not just nature but also where and how people live and how they are effected by climate change

Question 44

5 sociological mechanisms

Answer 44

Social Comparison Creation of Self-identity: Sense of self is tied to consumption Specialization: How production only specializes in one product like the OG model T Sociotechnical systems: There are broader sociological reasons that belie the concept Planned Obsolescence

Question 45

Happy life years

Answer 45

the amount of happy years one can expect to live within a country

Question 46

Happy planet index

Answer 46

is an index of human well-being and environmental impact

Question 47

Limits to growth

Answer 47

the possibility of a exponential economic and population growth with finite supply of resources

Question 47

Limits to growth

Answer 47

the possibility of a exponential economic and population growth with finite supply of resources