Unit 2

Question 1

What is the average carbon footprint of a US citizen in Hectares

Answer 1

8.1 hectares (China is 3.6)

Question 2

What are global land grabs

Answer 2

international land deals corporations or firms invest in overseas land and export the products from those lands back to the home country

Question 3

How many calories per person of food does the world create

Answer 3

2,700 calories per person

Question 4

What is the fundamentals of the demographic transition model

Answer 4

As income goes up birthrates go down because children are viewed as a cost

Question 5

What are Pronatal social norms

Answer 5

individual attitudes and societal expectations that promote high fertility

Question 6

What is demographic intertia

Answer 6

It is the concept of there being a time lag between the change in fertility and the visible effects

Question 7

How are cities different than rural areas with emissions

Answer 7

Cities usually produce less per capita but it is a high concentration so it ends up being worse

Question 8

Which is worse suburbs cities or rural areas

Answer 8

suburbs produce 50% of emissions

Question 9

How is Boserup different than Malthus

Answer 9

Boserup maintains that pop growth is the cause rather than the result of ag change the principle change is intensification of land

Question 10

What is Cornucopian theory

Answer 10

The idea that environmental problems from growing pop will be solved by human innovation

Question 11

What is vertical farming

Answer 11

Farming up instead of out requires very little land

Question 12

What are hydroponics

Answer 12

farming without soil by using LEDs and nutrient water mixture

Question 13

What happened in the mechanical revolution of agriculture

Answer 13

The substitution of capital for labor a good example of this is the tractor there are maintenance but no labor costs for the tractor

Question 14

What are CAFOS

Answer 14

Concentrated Animal Feeding Ops

Question 15

What is full irrigation

Answer 15

amount of water needed to achieve maximum yield

Question 16

What is livestock responsible for

Answer 16

The loss 24bil tons of fertile soil a year and 16% of GHGS

Question 17

What are polycultures

Answer 17

growing of multiple crops

Question 18

What is la via campesina

Answer 18

an organization to preserve sustainable ag in 73 countries

Question 19

What is the idea of food sovereignty

Answer 19

that we have the right to healthy and culturally appropriate food made sustainably those that produce it are the most important to feed

Question 20

What is Goldschmidt’s thesis

Answer 20

That farm scale and wage labor are associated with community characteristics

Question 21

How is water unequal

Answer 21

70% of water goes to ag and 6 countries have a cartel on water

Question 22

What is a water footprint

Answer 22

like carbon footprint but with water it shows freshwater use that looks at both direct and indirect use

Question 23

What is virtual water

Answer 23

water that is used during production of a commodity, divided into Green ( natural crop) Blue (surface and ground) and Grey (assimilation and dilution of pollutants)

Question 24

What is the concept of inverted Quarantine

Answer 24

We use safety to isolate ourselves a prime example of this is upper middle class get bottled water because its safer and easier

Question 25

What is market environmentalism

Answer 25

It is the idea that the market is responsible for water allocation and sanitation because goods will be used more efficiently

Question 26

Why is market environmentalism bad

Answer 26

It makes it so that the poor would need to resort to private companies and pay outrageous amounts while wealthy countries would have public water

Question 27

How should water be governed

Answer 27

all users participating in water should be able to have a voice, decisions making should be transparent etc

Question 28

What is the purpose of biodiversity

Answer 28

can impact quality of life, enrich knowledge and recreation etc

Question 29

What are ecosystem services

Answer 29

resources that are produced by the environment like water timber etc

Question 30

What is the biological species concept

Answer 30

reproductive isolation

Question 31

What is the ecological species concept

Answer 31

speciation through ecological selection

Question 32

What is the tragedy of commodity

Answer 32

Once something experience commodification it is hard to regulate because capitalism needs growth

Question 33

What is Ex situ conservation

Answer 33

Off site conservation it is the process of protecting an endangered species at like a zoo

Question 34

What is the relationship between cultural and bio diversity

Answer 34

If biodiversity drops so does cultural because they rely on each other

Question 35

What is Biopiracy

Answer 35

loss of biocultural diversity through legal or illegal means often in the form of commercial gain

Question 36

What is community conservation

Answer 36

let the indigenous people be in charge of conservation because they know better than we do about it

Question 37

What are open source seeds

Answer 37

seeds that cannot be patented or commodified to allow equal access

Question 38

What is Amartya Sen’s view on Famine

Answer 38

That it is because of the lack of democracy and the worker not entitled to his food

Question 39

What was the concept of Julia Simons Ultimate resource

Answer 39

It was a challenge of the notion that humans were running out of resources

Question 40

What is the MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio)

Answer 40

it is the number of maternal deaths during a given time per 100k live births