FINAL VOCAB

Question 1

sound

Answer 1

pressure waves generated by vibrating air molecules

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

conscious sensory experiences

Question 3

recognition

Answer 3

out ability to place an object in a category that gives it meaning

Question 4

sensory receptors

Answer 4

specialized nerve endings of sensory neurons where sensory impulses originate

Question 5

frequency

Answer 5

number of cycles per second

Question 6

cycle

Answer 6

distance between successive compressed patches

Question 7

pinna

Answer 7

part of the ear that collects sound and directs it into auditory canal

Question 8

auditory canal

Answer 8

a closed tube resonator in the outer ear

Question 9

tympanic membrane

Answer 9

a thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear that transmits sound from the air to the ossicle

Question 10

ossicles

Answer 10

converts eardrum vibrations into amplified pressure waves

Question 11

cochlea

Answer 11

a fluid-filled bony spiral

Question 12

Reissner’s membrane

Answer 12

part of the cochlea that separates the scala vestibule from the scala media

Question 13

Organ of Corti

Answer 13

a cellular layer on the basilar membrane

the sensory area of the cochlea

Question 14

perilymph

Answer 14

fluid in the scala vestibule and scala tympani

Question 15

endolymph

Answer 15

fluid in the scala media

Question 16

stapes

Answer 16

part of the cochlea that transmits the vibration to the oval window

Question 17

Broca’s area

Answer 17

area of the brain for language and comprehension

Question 18

Wernicke’s area

Answer 18

area of the brain for processing of words that we hear

Question 19

Saltiness

Answer 19

a taste produced by the presence of sodium chloride

Question 20

sourness

Answer 20

a taste caused by acids

Question 21

sweetness

Answer 21

a taste caused by sugars, glycols, alcohols, amino acids, sulfonic aids, halogenated acids, inorganic salts, etc.

Question 22

umami

Answer 22

a taste sensation produced by the free glutamates commonly found in fermented and aged food

Question 23

apical end

Answer 23

the chemically sensitive part of a taste receptor

Question 24

cranial nerve vii

Answer 24

‘the facial nerve’

receives info from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the palate

Question 25

cranial nerve ix

Answer 25

'the glossopharyngeal nerve' | receives info from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 26

cranial nerve x

Answer 26

'the vagus nerve' | receives info from the glottis, epiglottis, and pharynx

Question 27

ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM)

Answer 27

a part of the thalamus that deals with sensory info from the head

Question 28

flavor

Answer 28

the overall total sensation induced during chewing

Question 29

parageusia

Answer 29

unpleasant taste

Question 30

dysgeusia

Answer 30

innaccurate taste

Question 31

olfaction

Answer 31

the sense of odor

Question 32

olfactory epithelium

Answer 32

a small, thin shit of cells in the nasal cavity responsible for detection of smell

Question 33

supporting cells

Answer 33

cells that help to detoxify chemicals that come in contact with the epithelium

Question 34

odorant binding proteins

Answer 34

proteins that: facilitate the transfer odorants across the mucus lay increase the odorants concentration in the mucus layer bind to receptors with the ligand and accompany it across the membrane remove 'used' odorants for degradation

Question 35

adaptation

Answer 35

decreased response despite continuous stimulus

Question 36

stereochemical theory

Answer 36

'key-lock system' | if the odor molecules can fit into the lock, the nerve cell will respond

Question 37

labeled line hypothesis

Answer 37

a set of specific receptor neurons for each odor that relays the information to the brain along a separate pathway

Question 38

primary olfactory cortex

Answer 38

the cortical regions in the temporal lobe that receive fibers from the olfactory bulb

Question 39

anosmia

Answer 39

lack of ability to smell

Question 40

hyposmia

Answer 40

decreased ability to smell

Question 41

phantosmia

Answer 41

the phenomenon of smelling odors that aren't really present

Question 42

somatic sensation

Answer 42

responsible for feeling of touch and pain

Question 43

receptors

Answer 43

distributed throughout the body as opposed to being concentrated at small, specialized locations

Question 44

mechanoreceptors

Answer 44

somatic sensation receptors that are sensitive to physical distortion

Question 45

nociceptors

Answer 45

somatic sensation receptors that respond to damaging stimuli

Question 46

thermoreceptors

Answer 46

somatic sensation receptors that are sensitive to temperature hanges

Question 47

proprioceptors

Answer 47

somatic sensation receptors that monitor body positions

Question 48

chemoreceptors

Answer 48

somatic sensation receptors that respond to certain chemicals

Question 49

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 49

mechanoreceptors that are sensitive to vibrations

Question 50

Meissner's corpuscles

Answer 50

mechanoreceptors that are sensitive to low frequency vibration

Question 51

Mercel's disks

Answer 51

hair follicle mechanoreceptors

Question 52

Ruffini's corpuscle

Answer 52

mechanoreceptors

Question 53

primary somatosensory cortex (S1)

Answer 53

cortex that receives dense input from VP nucleus of the thalamus