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ANACHEM LEC > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

ACID PROPERTIES:
When dissolved in water, acids

A
  1. Conduct electricity
  2. Change blue litmus to red
  3. Have a sour taste
  4. React with bases to neutralize their properties
  5. React with active metals to liberate hydrogen
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2
Q

BASE PROPERTIES:
When dissolved in water, bases

A
  1. Conduct electricitv
  2. Change red litmus to blue
  3. Have a slippery feeling
  4. React with acids to neutralize their properties
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3
Q

classification of substances in terms of their behavior in water.

A

acid-base

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4
Q

is a substance with H in its formula that
dissociates to yield H3O

A

acid

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5
Q

is a substance with OH in its formula that dissociates to yield OH-

A

base

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6
Q

When an acid reacts with a base, they undergo

A

neutralization

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7
Q

is a substance that dissociates in aqueous medium to form yield hydronium ions, H3O+

A

arrhenius acid

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8
Q

dissociates completely into ions in water

A

strong acid

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9
Q

A _____ solution of a strong acid contains no HA molecules

A

dilute

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10
Q

A ______ acid dissociates slightly to form ions in water

A

weak

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11
Q

In a dilute solution of a weak acid, most HA molecules are _________.

A

undissociated

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12
Q

T or F | THE EXTENT OF DISSOCIATION FOR STRONG ACIDS
• There are no HA molecules in solution

The HA will turn into hydronium ion and an anion

A

True

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13
Q

Gaseous form of HCI -> called as

A

hydrogen chloride gas

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14
Q

When hydrogen chloride is aqueous or added to water, it becomes

A

Hydrochloric acid

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15
Q

THE EXTENT OF DISSOCIATION FOR WEAK ACIDS: Most HA molecules are _________.

A

undissociated

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16
Q

Weak acid: Majority will not be converted into individual ions, rather, around __ to ___% will not be converted

A

98-99%

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17
Q

Weak acid: Small part will be converted into ________ ion and anion when weak acid dissociates in water

A

hydronium ion

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18
Q

Stronger acids have more

A

H3O

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19
Q

Liberates hydrogen from hydrochloric acid ( strong or weak acid?). There’s a violent formation of bubbles

A

strong acid

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20
Q

If _______, then the acid is strong

A

Ka > 1

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21
Q

If ______, then the acid is weak

A

Ka < 1

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22
Q

If ______, then the base is strong

A

Kb > 1

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23
Q

If ______, then the base is strong

A

Kb > 1

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24
Q

If _____,thenthebaseisweak.

A

Kb<1

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25
Q

HCl

A

Strong acid

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26
Q

HBr

A

Strong acid

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27
Q

HI

A

Strong acid

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28
Q

HNO3

A

Strong acid

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29
Q

H2SO4

A

Strong acid

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30
Q

HClO4

A

Strong acid

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31
Q

HF

A

Weak acid

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32
Q

HCN

A

Weak acid

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33
Q

HClO

A

Weak acid

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34
Q

HNO2

A

Weak acid

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35
Q

RCOOH

A

Weak acid

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36
Q

Carboxylic acids

A

Weak acid

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37
Q

CH3OOH

A

Weak acid

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38
Q

C6H5OOH

A

Weak acid

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39
Q

oxoacids in which the number of O atoms exceeds the number of ionizable protons by two or more

A

Strong acids

40
Q

acids in which H is not bonded to O or to a halogen

A

Weak acids

41
Q

oxoacids in which the number of O atoms equals or exceeds the number of ionizable protons by one

A

Weak acids

42
Q

water-soluble compounds containing O2- or OH- ions

A

Strong bases

43
Q

M2O or MOH (M = Group 1A(1) metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)

A

strong base

44
Q

MO or M(OH)2 (M = group 2A(2) metal (Ca, Sr, Ba)

A

strong base

45
Q

ammonia (NH3)

A

Weak base

46
Q

amines

A

Weak base

47
Q

RNH2

A

Weak base

48
Q

R2NH

A

Weak base

49
Q

R3N

A

Weak base

50
Q

AUTOIONIZATION OF WATER
Also called “___________”

A

self ionization of water or auto-dissociation of water

51
Q

an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H2O, deprotonates loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH-

A

AUTOIONIZATION OF WATER

52
Q

The water molecule can act as a ____ or ____ Forming the conjugate acids and base

A

base or an acid

53
Q

WATER IS

A

AMPHOTERIC

54
Q

“__________” means the ability of a substance to react either as an acid or as a base.

A

Amphoteric

55
Q

Water dissociates very slightlyaqinto ions oinaqan equilibrium process known as autoionization or

A

self-ionization

56
Q

Kw= [H3O+][OH-] =

A

1.0x10^-14 (at 25° C)

57
Q

[H3O+] = [OH-] =

A

1.0x10^-7 (at 25°C)

58
Q

A change in ____ causes an inverse change in [OH-], and vice versa.

A

[H3O+]

59
Q

In an acidic solution

A

[H3O+] > [OH-]

60
Q

In a neutral solution

A

[H3O+] = [OH-]

61
Q

In basic solution

A

[H3O+]<[OH-]

62
Q

pH: In an acidic solution

A

pH < 7.00

63
Q

pH: In a neutral solution

A

pH = 7.00

64
Q

pH: In basic solution

A

pH > 7.00

65
Q

The higher the pH, the lower the [H3O+] and the _____ acidic the solution.

A

less

66
Q

____ and ____ scales express the acidity and basicity of dilute aqueous solutions

A

pH and pOH

67
Q

It is known as the power of hydrogen or the measure of hydrogen ions H+ or hydronium ions [H3O+] concentrations

A

pH

68
Q

It is the measure of hydroxide ion [OH-] concentration

A

pOH

69
Q

pKw =

A

-log Kw

70
Q

pKw =-log Kw

A

(= 14.0 at 25°C)

71
Q

T or F| If [H3O] increases, [OH] decreases (and vice versa)

A

True

72
Q

T or F| If pH increases, pOH decreases (and vice versa)

A

True

73
Q

• These expressions are analogous to the expression for pH.

A

pKa and pKb

74
Q

We derived it to express the concentration in a more convenient way using whole numbers

A

pKa and pKb

75
Q

pKa =

A

-log Ka

76
Q

pKb =

A

-log Kb

77
Q

The ______ the value of pKa the stronger the acid

A

smaller

78
Q

The ______ the value of pKb, the stronger the base.

A

smaller

79
Q

An acid is a proton donor, any species that donates an H+ ion.
• An acid must contain H in its formula.

A

Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base

80
Q

A base is a proton acceptor, any species that accepts
an H+ ion.
• A base must contain a lone pair of electrons to bond to H+.

A

Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base

81
Q

An acid-base reaction is a proton-transfer process.

A

Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base

82
Q

__________acid is a substance that is a proton donor.

A

Brønsted-Lowry

83
Q

_______base is a substance that is a proton acceptor.

A

Brønsted-Lowry

84
Q

A _________________ reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to form their conjugate base and conjugate acid, respectively.

A

Brønsted-Lowry acid-base

85
Q

The ___ direction of an acid-base reaction depends on the relative strength of the acids and bases involved.

A

net

86
Q

A reaction will favor the formation of the ______ acid and base.

A

weaker

87
Q

The stronger the acid is, the _____ its conjugate base.

A

weaker

88
Q
  • is called the acid-dissociation constant or the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of weak acid.
A

Ka

89
Q

– is a measure of acid strength.

A

Percent Ionization

90
Q

Percent Ionization formula =

A

concentration of ionized HA/original concentration of HA x 100%

91
Q

is any species that donates an electron pair to form a bond.

A

Lewis base

92
Q

is any species that accepts an electron pair to form a bond.

A

Lewis acid

93
Q

donation and acceptance of an electron pair to form a covalent bond.

A

Lewis acid-base

94
Q

Lewis acid is a substance that is an electron pair _______.

A

acceptor

95
Q

Lewis base is an electron pair ____.

A

donor

96
Q

Molecules that contain a polar multiple bond often function as

A

Lewis acids

97
Q

A ______cation acts as a Lewis acid when it dissolves in water to form a hydrated ion

A

metal

ANACHEM LEC (7 decks)

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