MIDTERM CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Question 1

CONSIST OF: Solute and Solvent

Answer 1

Aqueous Solution

Question 2

a substance that is to be dissolved

Answer 2

solute

Question 3

a substance that dissolves a solute

Answer 3

solvent

Question 4

The most plentiful solvent on Earth
It is widely used as a medium for chemical analysis
Also called the “Universal Solvent”

Answer 4

Water

Question 5

forms ions that when dissolved in water (or certain other solvent), and thus produce solutions that conduct electricity.

Answer 5

Electrolytes

Question 6

ionize COMPLETELY in a solvent thus conduct electricity

Answer 6

Strong Electrolyte

Question 7

ionize only PARTIALLY in a solvent and thus conduct electricity poorly

Answer 7

Weak Electrolyte

Question 8

do not ionize in a solvent and thus do not conduct electricity

Answer 8

Non-electrolytes

Question 9

an ACID is a proton donor and a BASE is a proton acceptor

Answer 9

Bronsted-Lowry Theory

Question 10

the product form when an acid gives up a proton

Answer 10

conjugate base

Question 11

the product formed when a base accepts a proton

Answer 11

Conjugate Acid

Question 12

is the result when two processes are combined

Answer 12

neutralization

Question 13

H2O + NH3(g) <=> NH4(aq) + OH-

Answer 13

H2O (acid) + NH3(g) (base) <=> NH4(aq)(conjugate acid) + OH- (conjugate base)

Question 14

HNO2 + H2O —-> H3O+ + NO2-

Answer 14

HNO2(Acid) + H2O(base) —-> H3O (conjugate acid) + NO2- (conjugate base)

Question 15

a subtance that contains hydrogen and produces hydronium ion (hydrogen protons) in aqueous solution.

Answer 15

Acid definition in Arrhenius Theory

Question 16

a substance that contains hydroxide group and produces hydroxide ion in aqueous solution

Answer 16

Base definition in Arrhenius Theory

Question 17

what concept does the Arrhenius Theory has?

Answer 17

Water System Concept

Question 18

a substance that can donate a proton

Answer 18

Acid (Bronsted-Lowry Theory)

Question 19

a substance that can accept a proton

Answer 19

Base (Bronsted-Lowry Theory)

Question 20

Concept of Bronsted-Lowry Theory

Answer 20

Proton transfer concept

Question 21

any specie that can accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond

Answer 21

Acid (Lewis Theory)

Question 22

any specie that can share a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond

Answer 22

Electron-pair sharing concept

Question 23

species that have both acidic and basic properties

Answer 23

Amphiprotic Species

Question 24

Self-ionization; amphiprotic solvents undergo self-ionization to form a pair of ionic species

Answer 24

Autoprotolysis

Question 25

react with solvent water completely that no undissociated solute molecules are left in aqueous solution

Answer 25

Strong Acids

Question 26

react incompletely with water to give solutions containing significant quantities of both the parent aci and its conjugate base

Answer 26

Weak Acids

Question 27

HClO4+ is about ________________ stronger than HCl

Answer 27

five thousand times

Question 28

HClO4+ and HCl are completely __________ in water

Answer 28

dissociated

Question 29

1% of______________ is dissociated

Answer 29

CH3COOH

Question 30

____ of NH4 ion is dissociated

Answer 30

0.01%

Question 31

various acids dissociate to different degrees and have different strengths

Answer 31

differentiating solvent

Question 32

several acids are completely dissociated and show the same strength

Answer 32

Leveling solvent

Question 33

Strongest Conjugate base comes from the?

Answer 33

Weakest Acid