FINALS Flashcards by Jenny Jenny

Children that tend to do well
in school and are cooperative and friendly

Popular-prosocial

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children that may gain
popularity by acting tough or spreading
rumors

Popular-antisocial

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children that are easy targets for bullies because they are unlikely to retaliate

Withdrawn-rejected

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children that are ostracized
and may be acting out due to insecurity

Aggressive-rejected

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If the crisis is successfully resolved, COMPETENCE emerges.

If the crisis is unsuccessfully resolved, INFERIORITY emerges.

INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

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The physical beginning of puberty for females?

Thelarche

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The physical beginning of puberty for males?

Enlargement of the testicles

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Onset of androgen-dependent body changes
such as growth of axillary and pubic hair, body odor, and acne.

Adrenarche

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The appearance of sexual hair.

Pubarche

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Refers to the first menstrual period.

Menarche

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Beginning of sperm production.

Spermarche

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A SUPERFICIAL UNDERSTANDING OF RIGHT AND WRONG WITH A FOCUS ON THE DIRECT CONSEQUENCES OF ACTIONS, AVOIDING PUNISHMENT, AND SELF-INTEREST

PRE-CONVENTIONAL MORAL DEVELOPMENT

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A GOOD DECISION IS ONE THAT GAINS THE APPROVAL OF OTHERS OR ONE THAT COMPLIES WITH THE LAW
WITH A FOCUS ON MAINTAINING SOCIAL ORDER

CONVENTIONAL MORAL DEVELOPMENT

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RIGHT AND WRONG ARE BASED ON SOCIAL CONTRACT ESTABLISHED FOR THE GOOD OF EVERYONE OR AN UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT AND WRONG TRANSCEND THE SELF AND
SOCIAL CONVENTION AND INCLUDES REALIZING THAT NOT EVERYTHING IS BLACK AND WHITE AND THINKING ABOUT MORALITY IN A NON-PERSONAL WAY

POST-CONVENTIONAL MORAL DEVELOPMENT

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A research assistant and believed the theory was inherently biased against women

Carol Gilligan

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Males view morality in?

Justice and Fairness.

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Females view morality in?

Responsibility and Compassion.

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It involves:
AGGRESSION, DEFIANCE, OR ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR.

DISRUPTIVE CONDUCT DISORDERS

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It involves:
FEELING SAD, DEPRESSED, UNLOVED, NERVOUS, FEARFUL, OR LONELY

ANXIETY OR MOOD DISORDERS

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An individual’s perception of themselves in terms of traits, abilities, and characteristics.

Self Concept

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An individual’s overall evaluation
of their worth and value.

Self esteem

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A CANADIAN DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST WHO EXPANDED ON
ERIKSON’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT.

JAMES MARCIA

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The status in which the adolescent does no have a sense of having choices; he or she has not yet made (nor is attempting/willing to make) a commitment

Identity Diffusion

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The status in which the adolescent seems willing to commit to some relevant roles, values, or goals for the future. Adolescents in this stage have not experienced an identity crisis. They tend to conform to the expectations of others regarding their future (e. g. allowing a parent to determine a career direction) As such, these individuals have not explored a range of options.

Identity Foreclosure

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The status in which the adolescent is currently in a crisis, exploring various commitments and is ready to make choices, but has not made a commitment to these choices yet.

Identity Moratorium

The status in which adolescent has gone through a identity crisis and has made a commitment to a sense of identity (i.e. certain role or value) that he or she has chosen

Identity Achievement

Sex: ? Gender: ?

Sex: biological Gender: social construct

Identifies with sex assigned at birth as gender

Cisgender

Gender identity differs from sex assigned at birth

Transgender

Gender identity does not conform to conventional gender distinctions, non-binary

Genderqueer

A pattern of unnecessarily engaging in activities or behaviors that are dangerous or highly subject to chance.

Negative risk taking behavior

Risk-taking appears to result from the: 1. 2.

(1) socio-emotional network (2) cognitive-control network

Behaviors by people not legally adults that are outside of norms of society, either formally or informally.

Juvenile Delinquency

The ability to analyze and evaluate information, solve problems, and make decisions.

Analytical Intelligence

The ability to generate new and original ideas, and think outside the box.

Creative Intelligence

The ability to apply knowledge and skills to real-world situations, adapt to new situations, and cope with everyday challenges.

Practical Intelligence

“The union with somebody, or something outside oneself under the condition of retaining the separateness and integrity of one’s own self”

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Galinsky’s Stage: Consider what it means to be a parent and plan for changes to accommodate a child

The Image-Making Stage

Galinsky’s Stage: Develop an attachment relationship with child and adapt to the new baby

The Nurturing Stage

Galinsky’s Stage: Parents create rules and figure out how to effectively guide their children’s behavior

The Authority Stage

Galinsky’s Stage: Parents help their children interpret their experiences with the social world beyond the family

The Interpretative Stage

Galinsky’s Stage: Parents renegotiate their relationship with their adolescent children to allow for shared power in decision-making.

The Interdependent Stage

Galinsky’s Stage: Parents evaluate their successes and failures as parents

The Departure Stage

One biologically based change during midlife

Climacteric

Refers to a period of transition in which a woman’s ovaries stop releasing eggs and the level of estrogen and progesterone production decreases

Menopause

A decrease in libido and lower testosterone (androgen) levels

Andropause.

Focused on establishing and guiding the next generation

Generativity

Is possible when the demands of family, work, and relationships recede and drawn down, resulting in lethargy and lack of enthusiasm and involvement

Stagnation

Is the desire to pass on skills and experience (mentoring)

Leader generativity

Levinson’s Theory of Adult Development: Leaving home, starting college or work, exploring new relationships and identities

Early adult transition

Levinson’s Theory of Adult Development: Establishing oneself in a chosen career, developing long- term relationships, making independent decisions

Novice phase

Levinson’s Theory of Adult Development: Reassessing goals and priorities, questioning life choices, experiencing a sense of crisis or reflection

Mid-life transition

Levinson’s Theory of Adult Development: Looking back on life and evaluating achievements and legacy, engaging in activities that provide a sense of fulfillment and meaning

Culminating phase

Is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics

Senescence

Having good or excellent health is reported by 41% of this age group

The Young Old (65 to 74)

This age group is more likely to experience limitations on physical activity due to chronic disease such and hearing or visual impairments

The Old Old (75 to 84)

This group is more likely to require long-term care and to be in nursing homes or living with relatives

The Oldest Old (85 +)

Rarely see grandchildren, live far away, may also have a distant relationship

Remote grandparents

Do things with the grandchild but have little authority or control over them and take on more of a friend role

Companionate grandparents

Take a very active role in their grandchild’s life, grandchild might live in their home or the grandparent has frequent contact and authority

Involved grandparents

Occurs when the vital organs no longer function and may take 72 or fewer hours

Physiological death

The gasping, labored breaths caused by an abnormal pattern of brainstem reflex may occur

Agonal breathing

Occurs when the cerebral cortex no longer registers electrical activity but the brain stem continues to be active.

Vegetative state

Death is the final, irreversible cessation of all biological functions and processes.

Finality

Death is caused by biological processes, such as organ failure or disease.

Biological Causality

Death is a universal experience that all humans will eventually face.

Universality

Once a person dies, it is impossible to reverse the process or bring them back to life.

Irreversibility

The outward expressions of grief and mourning and funeral rites are expressions of loss reflecting personal and cultural beliefs

Bereavement

Is the psychological, physical, and emotional experience and reaction to loss

Grief

Occurs when a death is expected and survivors have time to prepare to some extent before the loss

Anticipatory grief

Experienced by those who have to hide the circumstances of their loss or whose grief goes unrecognized

Disenfranchised grief

A natural reaction to loss that involves a range of emotions and behaviors

Normal Grief

Prolonged and intense grief that makes it difficult to adjust to the loss

Complicated Grief

Grief that occurs when there is an unclear or uncertain loss, such as a missing person or illness

Ambiguous Loss

A person may initially deny that a loss has occurred or that a loved one has died.

Denial

A person may feel angry at the person who died, at themselves, or at a higher power.

Anger

A person may try to bargain with a higher power to bring back the person who died or to undo the loss in some way.

Bargaining

A person may experience profound sadness,emptiness, and withdrawal after a loss.

Depression

A person may come to accept the reality of the loss and find ways to adjust to life without the person who died.

Acceptance

A temporary, initial reaction to the loss where the individual may feel emotionally numb, have difficulty accepting the reality of the loss, and may have difficulty processing information. The individual may also experience shock and disbelief.

Numbness

The individual may experience intense emotions, such as longing, sadness, and distress. They may search for ways to reconnect with the lost individual or look for meaning in the loss. The individual may also experience guilt, anger, and regret.

Yearning (anger and guilt)

The individual may feel overwhelmed and have difficulty adjusting to the new reality of life without the lost individual. They may feel confused, anxious, and hopeless. The individual may also experience physical symptoms, such as fatigue, loss of appetite, and insomnia.

Disorganization and despair

The individual begins to adjust to the new reality of life without the lost individual. They may find ways to incorporate the loss into their life and find meaning in the experience. They may also begin to form new relationships and attachments. The individual may also experience a sense of peace and acceptance.

Reorganization

FINALS Flashcards

(83 cards)