Finals

Question 1

The practice or science of collecting and
analyzing numerical data in large quantities,
especially for the purpose of inferring
proportions in a whole from those in a
representative sample

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

The study and manipulation of data,
including ways to gather, review, analyze,
and draw conclusions from data.

Answer 2

Statistics

Question 3

a branch of mathematics dealing with the
collection, analysis, interpretation, and
presentation of masses of numerical data

Answer 3

Statistics

Question 4

simply defined as the study and manipulation of data

Answer 4

Statistics

Question 5

Statistics in Education

Answer 5

❖ Measurement and evaluation are essential
part of teaching learning process

❖ In this process we obtained scores and then
interpret these score in order to take
decisions

❖ Statistics enables us study these scores
objectively

❖ It makes the teaching learning process more
efficient

Question 6

Roles of Statistics in Education

Answer 6

1. It helps the teacher to provide the most
   exact type of description

✓ When we want to know the student, we
administer a test or observe the child

✓ Then from the result we describe about the
students performance or trait

✓ Statistics helps the teacher to give an
accurate description of the data.

Question 7

Roles of Statistics in Education

Answer 7

2. It makes the teacher definite and exact in
   procedure and thinking.

✓ Sometimes due to lack of technical
knowledge, the teachers become vague in
describing students’ performance

✓ But Statistics enable him/her to describe the
performance by using some language and
symbols which makes interpretation definite
and exact.

Question 8

Roles of Statistics in Education

Answer 8

3. It enables the teacher to summarize the
   results in a meaningful and convenient form.

✓ Statistics give order to data

✓ It helps the teacher to make the data precise
and meaningful and to express it in
understandable and interpretable manner

Question 9

Roles of Statistics in Education

Answer 9

4. It enables the teacher to draw general
   conclusions.

✓ Statistics help to draw conclusions as well as
extracting conclusions.

✓ Statistical steps help to say about how much
faith should be placed in any conclusion and
about how far we may extend our
generalization

Question 10

Roles of Statistics in Education

Answer 10

5. It helps the teacher to predict the future
   performance of the students.

✓ Statistics enables the teacher to predict how
much of a thing will happen under
conditions we know and have measured.

✓ For example the teacher can predict the
probable score of the student in the finale
examination from his entrance test score

Question 11

Roles of Statistics in Education

Answer 11

6. Statistics enables the teacher to analyze some
   of the casual factors underlying complex and
   otherwise be-wildering(confusing) events;

✓ It is common factor that the behavioral
outcome is a resultant of numerous casual
factors.

✓ The reason why a particular student
performs poor in a particular subject are
varied and many

Question 12

Roles of Statistics in Education

Answer 12

6. Statistics enables the teacher to analyze some
   of the casual factors underlying complex and
   otherwise be-wildering(confusing) events;

✓ So with the appropriate statistical methods,
we can keep the extraneous variables
constant and can observe the cause of failure
of the pupil in a particular subject.

Question 13

Values that the variables can assume

Answer 13

Data

Question 14

Characteristics that is observable or
measurable in every unit of universe

Answer 14

Variable

Question 15

The set of all possible values of a
variable

Answer 15

Population

Question 16

A subgroup of a population

Answer 16

Sample

Question 17

❖ Words or codes that represent a class
or category

❖ Express as a categorical attribute
(gender, religion, marital status,
highest educational attainment)

Answer 17

Qualitative variables

Question 18

Number that represent an amount or
a count.

Answer 18

Quantitative variables

Question 19

❖ Numerical data, sizes are meaningful
and answer questions as “how many”
or “how much”

❖ Example are height, weight,
household size, number of registered
cars

Answer 19

Quantitative variables

Question 20

Data that can be counted (number of
days, number of siblings, usual
number of text messages sent in day)

Answer 20

Discrete variables

Question 21

It can assume all values between any
two specific values like 0.5, 1.2 etc
and data can be measured (weight,
height, body temperature

Answer 21

Continuous variables

Question 22

Data created by assigning observations into
various independent categories and then
counting the frequency of occurrence within
each of the categories.

Answer 22

Nominal

Question 23

This is the most primitive level of measurement.

Answer 23

Nominal

Question 24

It is used when we want to distinguish one
object from another for identification
purposes.

Answer 24

Nominal

Question 25

In this level, we can say that one object is different from another, but the amount of difference between them cannot be determined We cannot tell that one is better or worse than the other. ❖ Gender, Nationality, and civil status are nominal scale.

Answer 25

Nominal

Question 26

A scale in which scores indicate only relative amounts or rank order In this level, data are arranged in some specified order or rank

Answer 26

Ordinal

Question 27

When objects are measured in this level, we can say that one is better or greater than the other. But we cannot tell how much more or how much less of the characteristics one object has than the other. The ranking of contestants in a beauty contest, of siblings in the family, or of honor students in the class are of ordinal scale.

Answer 27

Ordinal

Question 28

A scale in which equal differences in scores represent equal differences in amount of the property measured, but with an arbitrary zero point.

Answer 28

Interval

Question 29

If the data are measured in this level, we can say not only one object is greater or less than another, but we can also specify the amount of difference.

Answer 29

Interval

Question 30

Interval

Answer 30

The scores in an examination are of the interval scale of measurement. ❖ To illustrate, suppose Maria got 50 in Math examination while Martha got 40. We can say that Maria got higher than Martha by 10 points.

Question 31

All the properties of an interval scale with the additional property of zero indicating a total absence being measured

Answer 31

Ratio Scale

Question 32

It is like the interval level. The only difference is that this level always starts from an absolute or true zero point.

Answer 32

Ratio Scale

Question 33

If the data are measured in this level, we can say that one object is so many times as large or small as the other.

Answer 33

Ratio Scale

Question 34

Example of Ratio Scale

Answer 34

For example, suppose Mrs. Reyes weighs 50 kg, while her daughter weighs 25 kg. We can say that Mrs. Reyes is twice as heavy as her daughter . Thus, weight is an example of data measured in the ratio scale.

Question 35

A single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data

Answer 35

Measures of central tendency

Question 36

measures of central tendency are sometimes called

Answer 36

measures of central location

Question 37

Measures of central tendency

Answer 37

They are also classed as summary statistics. The mean (often called the average) is most likely the measure of central tendency that you are most familiar with, but there are others, such as the median and the mode

Question 38

most commonly used measure of central position

Answer 38

Mean

Question 39

It is the sum of measures divided by the number of measures in a variable.

Answer 39

Mean

Question 40

It is also used to describe a set of data where measures cluster or concentrate at a point

Answer 40

Mean

Question 41

Occasionally, we want to find the mean of a set of values wherein each value or measurement has a different weight or degree of importance.

Answer 41

Weighted mean

Question 42

the middle entry or term in a set of data arranged in either increasing or decreasing order.

Answer 42

Median

Question 43

It is a positional measure. Thus, the values of the individual measures in as set of data do not affect. It is affected by the number of measures and not by the size of the extreme values.

Answer 43

Median

Question 44

❖ It is the measure or value which occurs most frequently in a set of data. ❖ It is the value with the greatest frequency.

Answer 44

Mode

Question 45

a continuous probability distribution that is symmetrical on both sides of the mean, so the right side of the center is a mirror image of the left side.

Answer 45

Norman Distribution Curve

Question 46

The normal distribution is often called the ______ because the graph of its probability density looks like a ___.

Answer 46

bell curve

Question 47

Also called spread or dispersion refers to how spread out a set of data is.

Answer 47

Variability

Question 48

It gives you a way to describe how much data sets vary and allows you to use statistics to compare your data to other sets of data.

Answer 48

Variability

Question 49

The four main ways to describe variability in a data set

Answer 49

range interquartile range variance standard deviation

Question 50

The difference between the highest and lowest value in a set.

Answer 50

Range

Question 51

Quartiles segment any distribution that's ordered from low to high into four equal parts.

Answer 51

Interquartile range

Question 52

A measure of dispersion, meaning it is a measure of how far a set of numbers is spread out from their average value.

Answer 52

Variance

Question 53

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.

Answer 53

Standard deviation

Question 54

It is the square root of the variance

Question 55

determined by the number of peaks it contains. Most distributions have only one peak but it is possible that you encounter distributions with two or more peaks.

Answer 55

Modality

Question 56

It is a measure of the symmetry of a distribution. The highest point of a distribution is its mode. The mode marks the response value on the x-axis that occurs with the highest probability.

Answer 56

Skewness

Question 57

A distribution is skewed if the tail on one side of the mode is fatter or longer than on the other: it is ______

Answer 57

asymmetrical

Question 58

Statistical measure that defines how heavily the tails of a distribution differ from the tails of a normal distribution.

Answer 58

Kurtosis

Question 59

This identifies whether the tails of a given distribution contain extreme values

Answer 59

Kurtosis