finals Flashcards
(50 cards)
Regulates what enters and exits the cell
cell membrane
control center for eukaryotic cells; contains DNA
nucleus
protein synthesis takes place on this “workbench”
ribosome
converts chemical energy in food to ATP
mitochondria
converts light energy to chemical energy in plants
chloroplast
order of simplest to most complex level of organization
atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population
prokaryotes
no nucleus, single cell, no organelles,
eukaryotes
nucleus, may be multicellular, organelles
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell membrane
3 structures plant cells have that animal cells do not
cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplast
diffusion of water
osmosis
moves materials from a region of high concentration to low concentration
diffusion
difference in concentration of substance inside vs. outside the cell
concentration gradient
moves materials against a concentration gradient
active transport
diffusion requiring special channel proteins in the cell membrane
facilitated diffusion
which transport requires energy?
active transport
what happens to a plant and animal cell in a hypertonic solution?
plant: membrane shrivels inside cell wall, central vacuole loses water
animal: shrivels
what happens to a plant and animal cell in a hypotonic solution ?
plant: central vacuole swells, cell wall prevents plant cell from bursting
animal: swells, then explodes (lysis)
what are 4 beneficial jobs bacteria do that make them important in maintaining the living world
recycle nutrients, break down decaying organisms
explain why antibiotics can be used to control bacterial infections but are not effective against a virus
antibiotics inhibit life functions in bacteria, viruses are not living
what are 2 components that are found In every virus?
nucleic acid and protein
what types of genetic material do viruses use?
DNA or RNA
occurs in most body cells
mitosis
DNA must be replicated before this type of cell division occurs
mitosis and meiosis
