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Chemistry > Finals Chapter 1-4 > Flashcards

Finals Chapter 1-4 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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0
Q

5 layers of earths atmosphere

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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1
Q

What is a chemical?

A

Any substance that has a definite composition

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2
Q

CFC’s

A

chlorofluorocarbons

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3
Q

chemistry

A

the study of matter and the changes it undergoes

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4
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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5
Q

mass

A

measurement that reflects the amount of matter

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6
Q

weight

A

measurement of the amount of matter and effect of earths gravitational pull on that matter

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7
Q

scientific method

A

systematic approach used in scientific study

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8
Q

qualitative data

A

information that relates to the five senses

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9
Q

quantitative data

A

numerical information

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10
Q

hypothesis

A

tentative explanation for what has been observed

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11
Q

experiment

A

set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis

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12
Q

independent variable

A

the variable that you plan to change

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13
Q

dependent variable

A

changes in response to the independent variable

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14
Q

control

A

standard for comparison

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15
Q

model

A

visual or verbal explanation of experimental data

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16
Q

theory

A

explanation that has been supported by many many experiments

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17
Q

scientific law

A

relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments

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18
Q

pure research

A

seeks to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself

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19
Q

applied reserach

A

research undertaken to solve a specific problem

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20
Q

technology

A

practical use of scientific information

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21
Q

base unit

A

defined unit in a system of measurement based on an object or event in the physical world

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22
Q

second

A

SI unit for time

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23
Q

meter

A

SI base unit for lengh

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24
kilogram
SI base unit for mass
25
derived unit
unit that is defined by a combination of base units
26
liter
metric unit for volume
27
density
ratio that compares the mass of object to its volume
28
kelvin
SI base unit for temperature
29
scientific notation
a number between and 1-10, ten raised to a power
30
conversion factor
ratio of equivalent. always =1
31
accuracy
how close a measured value is to an accepted value
32
precision
how close a series of measurements are to one another
33
percent error
the ratio of an error to an accepted value | percent error= error/accepted value x 100
34
graph
visual display of data
35
giga
10^9
36
mega
10^6
37
kilo
10^3
38
deci
10^-1
39
centi
10^-2 | 1/100
40
milli
10^-3 | 1/1000
41
micro
10^-6
42
nano
10^-9
43
pico
10^-12
44
substance
matter that a uniform and unchanging composition
45
physical property
characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition
46
extensive properties
dependant of the amount of substance present (ex. mass)
47
intensive properties
independent of the amount of substance (ex. density)
48
chemical property
the ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances
49
states of matter
all mater that exists on earth can be classified as one of these physical forms called states of matter
50
solid
form of matter with its own definite shape and volume
51
liquid
form of matter that flows, has a constant volume, and takes the shape of its container
52
gas
form of matte that flows to conform to the shape of its container and fills the entire volume of its container
53
vapor
gaseous state of a substance that is liquid or solid at room temperature
54
physical change
changes that alter a substance with out changing its composition
55
chemical change
process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances
56
law of conservation of mass
mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction
57
mixture
combination of two or more substances
58
heterogeneous
can see the difference
59
homogeneous
cant see the diffrence. solution
60
filtration
technique that uses a porous barrier to separate solid from liquid
61
distillation
separation using boiling points
62
element
pure substance that can not be separated into simpler substances
63
Compound
Combination of two or more different elements combined chemically
64
Law of definite proportions
Regardless the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass
65
Percent by mass
Ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound
66
Law of multiple proportions
When different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers
67
Dalton's atomic theory
All matter is composed of small particles called atoms
68
Atom
Smallest particle of an elements that retains the properties of the element
69
Cathode ray
Ray of radiation originated from the cathode end of the tube
70
Electrons
Negatively charged particles that are part of all forms of matter
71
Nucleus
Tiny dense region in the center of an atom that contained all of an atoms positive charge and virtually all it's mass
72
Proton
A subatomic particle carrying a positive charge
73
Neutron
Subatomic particle carrying no charge
74
Atomic number
Number of protons in an atom
75
Isotope
Atom with same number of protons but different number of neutrons
76
Mass number
Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
77
Atomic mass number
Defined as 1/12 the mass of a carbon -12 atom
78
Atomic mass
Weighed average mass of the isotopes of that element
79
Nuclear reactions
Reactions that involve a charge in an atoms nucleus
80
Radioactivity
Spontaneously emitted radiation
81
Radiation
Rays and particles emitted by radioactive material
82
Radioactive decay
Unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation
83
Alpha radiation
Radiation deflected toward the negatively charged plate
84
Alpha particles
2+ charge
85
Nuclear equation
Shows the atomic number and mass number of particles involved
86
Beta radiation
Radiation deflected towards positively charge plate
87
Beta particles
1- charge
88
Gamma rays
High energy radiation that possess no charge

Chemistry (4 decks)

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