Finals Chapter 5-6

Question 0

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 0

a form of energy that exhibits wavelike characteristics as it travels through space

Question 1

Amplitude

Answer 1

a waves height from the origin to crest or trough

Question 2

wavelength

Answer 2

shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuos wave

Question 3

frequency

Answer 3

number of waves that pass through a given point per second

Question 4

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 4

encompasses all forms of electromagnetic radiation, with the only differences in the types of radiation being their frequencies and wavelengths

Question 5

quantum

Answer 5

the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom

Question 6

Planck’s constant

Answer 6

6.626x10^-34 J*s

Question 7

photoelectric effect

Answer 7

when electrons, called photoelectrons, are emitted from a metals surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface

Question 8

photom

Answer 8

a particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy

Question 9

atomic emission spectrum

Answer 9

set of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of the element

Question 10

ground state

Answer 10

lowest allowable energy state of an atom

Question 11

de Broglie equation

Answer 11

predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics

Question 12

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 12

it is fundamentally impossible to know precisely both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time

Question 13

quantum mechanical model of the atom

Answer 13

the atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves

Question 14

atomic orbital

Answer 14

a three-dimensional region around the nucleus

Question 15

principle quantum numbers(n)

Answer 15

indicate the relative sizes and energies of atomic orbitals

Question 16

principal energy levels

Answer 16

the atoms major energy levels

Question 17

energy sublevels

Answer 17

contained in principle energy levels ( s, p, d, f)

Question 18

electron configuration

Answer 18

the arrangement of electrons in an atom

Question 19

Aufbau principle

Answer 19

each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

Question 20

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 20

states that a maximum of two electrons may occupy a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins

Question 21

Hund’s rule

Answer 21

states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals

Question 22

valence electrons

Answer 22

are defined as electrons in the atoms outmost orbitals

Question 23

electron-dot structure

Answer 23

elements symbol surrounded by dots representing the atoms valence electrons

Question 24

who was John Newlands

Answer 24

an english chemist who proposed that the elements made a periodic pattern which he called octaves

Question 25

what did Mendeleev notice when the elements were ordered by increasing atomic mass?

Answer 25

there was a repetition

Question 26

who organized the elements into the first periodic table?

Answer 26

Mendeleev

Question 27

Moseley's periodic law states:

Answer 27

there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number

Question 28

columns of periodic table

Answer 28

groups

Question 29

rows of periodic table

Answer 29

periods

Question 30

representative elements

Answer 30

the groups designated with an A (1A through 8A) also referred to as main group because they possess a wide range of chemical and physical properties

Question 31

transition elements

Answer 31

the groups designated with a B ( 1B through 8B)

Question 32

metals

Answer 32

elements that are generally shiny when smooth and clean and solid at room temperature

Question 33

alkali metals

Answer 33

group 1A elements (except hydrogen)

Question 34

alkaline earth metals

Answer 34

Group 2A elements

Question 35

Group B elements or _____ elements, are divided into _____ _____ and _____ ______ _______

Answer 35

transitions, transition metals, inner transition metals (lanthanide and actinide series)

Question 36

phosphors

Answer 36

substances that emit light when struck by electrons

Question 37

nonmetals

Answer 37

elements that are generally gasses or brittle dull looking solids

Question 38

halogens

Answer 38

group 7A elements. Highly reactive

Question 39

noble gasses

Answer 39

group 8A elements. Extremely unreactive

Question 40

Metalloids

Answer 40

elements with physical and chemical properties of both metals and non-metals

Question 41

atoms in the same group have similar chemical properties, because:

Answer 41

they have the same number of valence electrons