FINALS L1 & L2

Question 1

Dose limit for Occupational Radiation Exposure

Answer 1

20 mSv / yr

Question 2

General X-ray activity must ______

Answer 2

Not Exceed 1 mSv / yr

Question 3

It contributes to the highest occupational exposure of diagnostic x-ray personnel.

Answer 3

Fluoroscopy

Question 4

Personnel exposure is ________ related to the x-ray beam on-time.

Answer 4

Directly

Question 5

An X-ray tube over the table is advantageous in terms of _______

Answer 5

Image Quality

Question 6

An X-ray tube over the table is disadvantageous in terms of higher personnel exposures, mainly due to (2):

Answer 6

1. High Levels of Scatter Radiation
2. High Levels of Leakage Radiation

Question 7

It is best to position the x-ray tube _______ during mobile and C-arm fluoroscopy

Answer 7

Under the Patient

Question 8

What modality contributes to higher personnel exposure due to longer fluoroscopic x-ray beam on-time ?

Answer 8

Interventional Radiology

Question 9

Higher exposures in IR are also caused by what other two factors ?

Answer 9

1. Absence of Protective Curtain
2. Use of Cineradiography

Question 10

Dose limit for IR

Answer 10

500 mSv / yr

Question 11

________ must be provided for interventional radiologists

Answer 11

Extremity Monitoring

Question 12

Which modality manifests low personnel exposures due to low kVp operation ?

Answer 12

Mammography

Question 13

Low kVp operation = ______

Answer 13

Less Scatter Radiation

Question 14

Which modality manifests low personnel exposures due to fine collimation and sole presence of secondary radiation in the examination room ?

Answer 14

Computed Tomography

Question 15

Occupational exposure for nursing personnel and others working in the operating room and ICU is ______

Answer 15

Near Zero

Question 16

TRUE OR FALSE

It is necessary to provide occupational radiation monitors for OR / ICU personnel

Answer 16

FALSE

It is NOT necessary to provide occupational radiation monitors for OR / ICU personnel

Question 17

Which contributes to the highest occupational exposure of diagnostic x-ray personnel ?

Answer 17

Mobile Radiology

Question 18

Who are the people that should wear occupational radiation monitor (4):

Answer 18

1. Radiologic Technologist
2. Anyone who is required to immobilize or hold patients.
3. Personnel who regularly operate C-arm fluoroscope
4. Personnel who are regularly in the immediate vicinity of C-arm fluoroscope

Question 19

The dose of radiation that would be expected to produce no significant radiation effects

Answer 19

Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD)

Question 20

It is specified only for occupational exposure and serves as a replacement for MPD

Answer 20

Dose Limit (DL)

Question 21

Current DL = _____

Answer 21

1 mSv / Week

Question 22

NCRP DL Recommendations:

Annual Effective Dose for Occupational Exposures = ________

Answer 22

50 mSv

Question 23

NCRP DL Recommendations:

Cumulative Dose for Occupational Exposures = ________

Answer 23

10 mSv x age

Question 24

NCRP DL Recommendations:

Occupational equivalent annual dose for Lens of the Eye = ______

Answer 24

150 mSv

Question 25

NCRP DL Recommendations: Occupational equivalent annual dose for Thyroid, Skin, Hands, and Feet

Answer 25

500 mSv

Question 26

Annual Negligible Individual Annual Dose

Answer 26

0.01 mSv

Question 27

Radiation Weighting Factor: X and gamma rays, electrons

Answer 27

1 Wf

Question 28

Radiation Weighting Factor: 10 keV - 100 keV & >2 MeV - 20 MeV

Answer 28

10 Wf

Question 29

Radiation Weighting Factor: >100 kev - 2 MeV

Answer 29

20 Wf

Question 30

Radiation Weighting Factor: Protons

Answer 30

2 Wf

Question 31

Radiation Weighting Factor: Alpha Particles

Answer 31

20 Wf

Question 32

Radiation Weighting Factor: > 20 MeV

Answer 32

5 Wf

Question 33

Enumerate Various Tissues with their corresponding Tissue Weighting Factor (12) :

Answer 33

1. Gonad = 0.20 2. Active Bone Marrow = 0.12 3. Colon = 0.12 4. Lung = 0.12 5. Stomach = 0.12 6. Bladder = 0.05 7. Breast = 0.05 8. Esophagus = 0.05 9. Liver = 0.05 10. Thyroid = 0.05 11. Bone Surface = 0.01 12. Skin = 0.01 RATIONALE MNEMONICS: 0.20 (Gago) 0.12 (Ang - Cringe - Lung - Sobra) 0.05 (Bo - Bo - Easy - Liver - Talaga) 0.01 (Bull - Shit)

Question 34

The pregnancy period most sensitive to radiation exposure occurs _______

Answer 34

Before Birth

Question 35

Least hazardous period of radiation exposure during pregnancy

Answer 35

1st to 2nd Week

Question 36

Biologic response to occur in 1st to 2nd Week of Pregnancy

Answer 36

Resorption of the Embryo

Question 37

The 2nd to 10th Week of Pregnancy is called as the period of _____ wherein the major organs of the fetus are developing,

Answer 37

Major Organogenesis

Question 38

The principal response during the 2nd and 3rd Trimesters of pregnancy is ______

Answer 38

Malignant Disease during Childhood

Question 39

Spontaneous abortion after irradiation during the first 2 weeks of pregnancy is unlikely at radiation doses _____

Answer 39

< 25 rad

Question 40

A 1 % increase in congenital abnormalities is estimated to follow a fetal dose of _____

Answer 40

10 rad

Question 41

Administrative protocols to garner patient information, to ensure the prevention of the irradiation of patients who are pregnant include (3):

Answer 41

1. Elective Booking 2. Patient Questionnaires 3. Posting

Question 42

The most direct way to ensure against the irradiation of an unsuspected pregnancy by determining the time of the patient's previous menstrual cycle

Answer 42

Elective Booking

Question 43

TRUE OR FALSE The patient, herself, may indicate her menstrual cycle

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

These are utilized when neither elective booking nor request forms seems appropriate for a diagnostic imaging service

Answer 44

Posting / Posting Signs / Post Signs

Question 45

Three options often considered for pregnant medical radiation workers (3):

Answer 45

1. No Change in Assigned Working Duties 2. Change to Another Area Where the Radiation Exposure may be Lower 3. Change to a Job that has Essentially No Radiation Exposure