(Finals) MicroBio Lec Quiz 1

Question 1

Scientific study of disease

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

Pathology is concerned with?

Answer 2

• Etiology
• Pathogenesis
• Structural and Functional Changes

Question 3

Invasion or Colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

Answer 3

Infection

Question 4

Presence of a particular type of microorganism in part of body where it is not normally found

Answer 4

Infection

Question 5

When an infection results in any change from a state of health

Answer 5

Disease

Question 6

Abnormal state in which part or all of the body is incapable of performing its normal function

Answer 6

Disease

Question 7

4 organisms that begin to establish themselves in an individual before birth

Answer 7

Enterobacteriaceae
Propionibacterium
Lactobacillus
E. coli

Question 8

Microorganisms that establish more or less permanent residence (colonize) but do not produce disease under normal conditions

Answer 8

Normal Flora/Normal Microbiota

Question 9

Several days, weeks, or months then disappear

Answer 9

Transient Microbiota

Question 10

The factors that determine the distribution and composition of normal microbiota

Answer 10

Nutrients
Physical and Chemical Properties
Host’s Defenses
Mechanical Factors

Question 11

Normal flora preventing the overgrowth of harmful
microorganisms

Answer 11

MICROBIAL ANTAGONISM/ COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION

Question 12

Competing for nutrients, producing substances harmful to invading microbes, and affecting conditions such as pH and available oxygen

Answer 12

MICROBIAL ANTAGONISM/ COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION

Question 13

Relationship between 2 organisms in which at least 1 organism is dependent on the other

Answer 13

SYMBIOSIS

Question 14

1 organism benefits while the other is unaffected

Answer 14

COMMENSALISM

Question 15

Example microorganism of Commensalism

Answer 15

Staphylococcus epidermidis (Skin)

Question 16

Both organisms benefit

Answer 16

Mutualism

Question 16

Example of microorganism of Mutualism

Answer 16

E. Coli (Large Intestine)

Question 17

1 Organism benefits by deriving nutrients at the expense of the other

Answer 17

Parasitism

Question 18

Example of Parasitism

Answer 18

Disease-causing bacteria

Question 19

Microorganisms that don’t cause disease in their normal habitat in a normal healthy person but may do so in a different environment

Answer 19

OPPORTUNISTIC MICROORGANISMS

Question 20

True or False:

If the host is already weakened or compromised by infection, microbes that are usually harmless cannot cause disease

Answer 20

False

Microbes that are harmless CAN CAUSE disease if the host is weakened or compromised by infection

Question 21

What are stated in Koch’s Postulation

Answer 21

The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease

The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture

The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it’s inoculated into a healthy, susceptible lab animal

The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism

Question 22

Exemptions to Koch’s Postulates

Answer 22

• Microorganisms with unique culture requirements
• Requires some modifications of Koch’s Postulates and the use of alternative methods of culturing and detecting certain microorganisms
• Certain pathogens exhibits certain signs and symptoms

Question 23

Changes in body function experienced by the patient

Answer 23

Symptoms

Question 24

Changes that are observable by the physician

Answer 24

Signs

Question 25

Subjective complaints

Answer 25

Symptoms

Question 26

Objective Complaints

Answer 26

Signs

Question 27

Infected person transmits an infectious agent, directly or indirectly, to another person

Answer 27

COMMUNICABLE

Question 28

Specific group of signs and symptoms may always accompany a person's disease

Answer 28

Syndrome

Question 29

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES

Answer 29

COMMUNICABLE

Question 30

Do not spread from one host to another

Answer 30

NONCOMMUNICABLE

Question 31

Number of new cases/population at risk

Answer 31

INCIDENCE

Question 32

Indicator of spread

Answer 32

INCIDENCE

Question 33

Old + new cases/population at risk

Answer 33

PREVALENCE

Question 34

Indicator of how seriously and how long a disease affects a population

Answer 34

PREVALENCE

Question 35

Sudden increase in occurrence of a disease in a particular time and place

Answer 35

SPORADIC

Question 36

A disease constantly present in a population

Answer 36

ENDEMIC

Question 37

Rapid increase of a certain disease in many people in a relatively short time

Answer 37

EPIDEMIC

Question 38

Epidemic disease that occurs worldwide

Answer 38

PANDEMIC

Question 39

Develops rapidly but lasts only a short time

Answer 39

ACUTE DISEASE

Question 40

Develops more slowly, May be less sever, but disease is likely to continue or recur for long periods

Answer 40

CHRONIC DISEASE

Question 41

Between acute and chronic

Answer 41

SUBACUTE DISEASE

Question 42

Causative agent remains dormant(inactive) for a long time but becomes active to produce symptoms of a disease

Answer 42

LATENT DISEASE

Question 43

Limited to a relatively small area of the body

Answer 43

LOCAL INFECTION Example: Boils and abscess

Question 44

Local infections that enters the systemic circulation and spread to a specific part of the body

Answer 44

FOCAL INFECTION

Question 44

Spread throughout the body by blood or lymph

Answer 44

SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS Example: Measles

Question 45

Toxic inflammatory condition arising from the spread of the microbe

Answer 45

SEPSIS

Question 46

Blood poisoning, Systemic infection arising from the multiplication of pathogens in the blood

Answer 46

SEPTICEMIA

Question 47

Presence of bacteria on the blood

Answer 47

BACTEREMIA

Question 48

Presence of virus in the blood

Answer 48

BACTEREMIA

Question 48

Acute infection that causes the initial disease

Answer 48

PRIMARY INFECTION

Question 49

Presence of toxins in the blood

Answer 49

TOXEMIA

Question 50

Opportunistic infections that occurs after the primary infection

Answer 50

SECONDARY INFECTION

Question 50

Interval between the initial infection and the first appearance of any signs and symptoms

Answer 50

INCUBATION PERIOD

Question 51

Disease is most severe

Answer 51

PERIOD OF ILLNESS

Question 51

Relatively short period that follows the incubation period, Early, mild symptoms of the disease

Answer 51

PRODROMAL PERIOD

Question 52

Signs and symptoms subside

Answer 52

PERIOD OF DECLINE

Question 53

Person regains strength and return to its predeceased state

Answer 53

PERIOD OF CONVALESCENCE