FINALS PT.2 Flashcards
When Tyrone attends the first day of a Theories of Learning class in psychology, he thinks to himself, “This is going to be a really hard class. I don’t know if I have what it takes to understand and remember all this stuff.” Tyrone’s misgivings can best be described as:
A. Self-reaction
B. Self-observation
C. Self-efficacy for learning.
D. Self-efficacy for performance
C. Self-efficacy for learning.
In a series of investigations, Tolman investigated the role of reinforcement in learning. Which one of the following conclusions emerged from his research?
A. Reinforcement is essential for learning, but not for performance
B. Reinforcement is distracting
C. Responses can be learned even when they are not reinforced.
D. Reinforcement is important only if the organism is unmotivated
C. Responses can be learned even when they are not reinforced.
Social cognitive theory can best be characterized as being concerned with learning.
A. Communication skills
B. Socially appropriate behaviors
C. Through observations of others
D. Subject matter in the social sciences
C. Through observations of others
Bandura proposes that three of the following conditions are necessary for modeling to occur. Which one is not necessary?
A. Motivation to perform the behavior
B. Memory of observed behavior
C. A relatively stress-free environment
D. Attention to the model
C. A relatively stress-free environment
Social cognitive theorists have studied the role of modeling on aggressive behavior. Which one of the following conclusions cannot be drawn from their research?
A. Children model aggression only when the model is the same sex as themselves.
B. Children can learn aggressive behavior by watching adult models as well as children.
C. Children who observe aggression in films and video games are more likely to be aggressive
D. Children are less aggressive when they observe a non-aggressive model than when they observe na model at all.
A. Children model aggression only when the model is the same sex as themselves.
Mel hears her second-grade teacher often tell the class that soda is bad for your health and that everyone should drink water. However, every afternoon Mel sees her teacher drink a soda. Based information regarding behaviors that are learned through modeling, which beverage is Mel most likely to drink:
A. Water, an authority figure’s words are more influential than their actions.
B. Neither, children only imitate other children.
C. Soda, people imitate other people’s actions more than their words.
D. Water, second graders always imitate to their teachers.
C. Soda, people imitate other people’s actions more than their words.
Ms. Cameda promises her students special treats if they turn in their homework assignments the next day. But the following day Ms. Cameda forgets to bring the treats she promised. From the perspective of social cognitive theory, what has just happened to the students who turned in their homework assignments?
A. They have been punished for doing so.
B. They have been negatively reinforced for doing so.
C. They have been vicariously reinforced for doing so.
D. Their behavior has been extinguished.
A. They have been punished for doing so.
These four teachers claim to be practicing principles from social cognitive theory. Based on the following information which one is not?
A. Mr. Alvin makes sure students are paying attention when he demonstrates how to do long division problems.
B. Ms. Eiza clearly outlines the rules in her class and makes sure all students are aware of hem before she reinforces or punishes any behavior.
C. Mr. jade tells his class that he wishes he had never started smoking cigarettes.
D. Ms. Ces shows her first graders how to spell her name by writing it in huge letters on the chalkboard
C. Mr. jade tells his class that he wishes he had never started smoking cigarettes.
When Individuals are motivated to achieve their goals, this illustrates which basic assumption of Purpose Behaviorism?
A. Expectations affect behavior
B. Behavior is purposive
C. Perception is different from reality
D. Learning follows the law of Pragnanz
B. Behavior is purposive
Models can influence an observer’s behavior in a number of ways. Which one of the following behaviors is least likely to be the result of modeling?
A. Gerald is punished for hitting his brother, but several weeks later after seeing a child on television hit a friend, he hits his brother again.
B. Jervis scratches his mosquito bites, even though his mother continually asks him not to, because it makes them feel better.
C. Jay-ar is studying to be a dentist. His older brother is a dentist
D. When Hubert sees how much pleasure his best friend gets by being in the school chess club, he joins similar group: the school math club.
B. Jervis scratches his mosquito bites, even though his mother continually asks him not to, because it makes them feel better.
Lia has trouble getting dates, so she begins to observe how other students attract boys. The four girls below have all had a date within the last week. Without knowing anything about Lia, but using criteria proposed by social cognitive theorists choose the girl whom Lia is most likely to model.
A. Ann has a steady boyfriend, but most of her classmates don’t like her.
B. Jerl has never had a date.
C. Carlin enjoys playing traditionally “masculine” sports such as football and ice hockey with the boys
D. Dana is popular and feminine.
D. Dana is popular and feminine.
Three of the following ideas are integral parts of social cognitive theory, Which one is not?
A. Learning can occur without a change in behavior.
B. People have control over their actions.
C. Reinforcement can have an effect not only on the person being reinforced but an other individuals as
D. People’s behaviors are always the direct results of the specific environments in which they live
D. People’s behaviors are always the direct results of the specific environments in which they live
Which one of the following statements best illustrates the concept of reciprocal causation?
A. Individuals are more likely to Imitate a behavior for which they have seen others reinforced.
B. Modeling can occur only when an individual is capable of performing an observed behavior.
C. People are unlikely to exhibit a behavior that will probably be punished,
D. The environment alters behavior but behavior alters the environment as well.
D. The environment alters behavior but behavior alters the environment as well.
Mr. Jacob wants to increase his female students self-efficacy for mastering simple car maintenance procedures. He can best do this by:
A. Presenting a film that shows an experienced auto mechanic at work
B. Describing how easily he learned these things when he was their age
C. Having the students read a book with clear, step-by-step instructions for changing the oil and the air filter
D. Having the students watch other girls successfully change the all and the air filter
D. Having the students watch other girls successfully change the all and the air filter
Listed below are four reasons why students might not want to take their schoolwork seriously or to try very hard to Succeed at classroom tasks. Which one of these reasons is most clearly consistent with the concept of self-efficacy.
A. Dave is more interested in goofing around with his friends.
B. Angel gets so nervous in the classroom that she “can’t think straight.”
C. Cara doesn’t believe she has the ability to do the work successfully.
D. Alvin thinks his teacher doesn’t like him.
C. Cara doesn’t believe she has the ability to do the work successfully.
