FINALS_BREAST AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Question 1

Paired of mammary glands that lie over muscles of the anterior chest wall, anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles.

Answer 1

Breast

Question 2

Depending on their size and shape, breasts extend to what ranges of ribs vertically? and what part of the body horizontally?

Answer 2

Vertically - 2nd to 6th rib
Horizontally - sternum to midaxillary line

Question 3

The female breast enlarges in response to what hormones?

Answer 3

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 4

Female breast is considered as an accessory reproductive organ. What are the two function of the female breast?

Answer 4

1. To produce and store milk that provides nourishment for newborns
2. Aid sexual stimulation

Question 5

The female breast is divided into 4 quadrants to describe he location of assessment of findings. What are those?

Answer 5

Upper Inner
Upper Outer
Lower Inner
Lower Outer

Question 6

What do you call the extension of the upper outer quadrant to the axillae where most of the breast tumors occur?

Answer 6

Tail of Spence

Question 7

Both present in the male and female. It drains lymph from the breast and filter out microorganisms and return water and protein to the blood.

Answer 7

Lymph nodes

Question 8

It is located at the center of the breast

Answer 8

Nipple

Question 9

Tiny opening where milk passes

Answer 9

lactiferous ducts

Question 10

Generally 1-2cm radius which surrounds the nipple and contains Montgomery glands (elevated sebaceous glands)

Answer 10

Areola

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE?
Hair follicles commonly appear around areola

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

this muscle in the areola causes the nipple to become more erectile during stimulation

Answer 12

smooth muscle fibers

Question 13

Normally, nipples have darker pigments than the breast. What is the color ranges of it?

Answer 13

Dark pink to dark brown

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE?

The amount of pigmentation of areola and nipple increases during pregnancy and decreases during lactation

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

During embryonic development, a milk line or mammary ridge extends from where to where?

Answer 15

axilla to groin area

Question 16

Female breast consist of three types of tissue

Answer 16

Glandular, fibrous, and fatty (adipose)

Question 17

• This tissue allows the breast for milk production
• Arranged in 15-20 lobes radiate in circular fashion from the nipple.

Answer 17

Glandular Tissue

Question 18

Each lobe of glandular tissue contains lobules in which the secreting alveoli (acini cells) are embedded in grape-like clusters

Answer 18

.

Question 19

Slight enlargement in each duct before it reaches the nipple

Answer 19

Lactiferous sinus

Question 20

The milk can be stored to where until it is stimulated to release?

Answer 20

Lactiferous ampullae; lactiferous sinus

Question 21

A thin tube in the breast that carries milk from the breast lobules to the nipple.

Answer 21

Mammary ducts

Question 22

It provides support to the glandular tissue

Answer 22

Fibrous tissue

Question 23

A type of fibrous tissue, a suspensory ligaments run from skin through breast and attach deep fascia of the muscle to the anterior chest wall

Answer 23

Cooper ligaments

Question 24

The third component of the breast, this is where the glandular tissue is embedded.

Answer 24

Fatty tissue

Question 25

Due to this fats, it provides most of the substance of the breast determining its size and shape

Answer 25

Retromammary and subcutaneous fat

Question 26

Factors that affect the amount of glandular, fibrous, and fatty tissue

Answer 26

- client's age - client's body build - nutritional status -hormonal cycle - pregnancy - lactation

Question 27

The lymph nodes involved in draining impurities from the breast

Answer 27

- supraclavicular - Infraclavicular - Lateral (brachial) - Central ( Midaxillary) - Posterior (Subscapular) - Anterior (pectoral)

Question 28

Both males and females have superficial veins forming a network over the entire chest, known as?

Answer 28

Mammary plexus

Question 29

what are the normal size and shape of the breast?

Answer 29

- usually one side is slightly larger than other - round or pendulous *more pendulous and less firm and saggy breast occur in older client

Question 30

a pitted, bumpy, or orange-peel-like appearance of the skin on the breast. This change occurs due to lymphatic obstruction, which can lead to fluid buildup and swelling, causing the skin to appear dimpled or puckered.

Answer 30

Pigskin-like or orange-peel (peau d'orange)

Question 31

a rare type of breast cancer that appears as an eczema-like rash on the nipple and areola, often associated with an underlying breast cancer. It's characterized by skin changes like redness, scaling, crusting, or thickening, and may be accompanied by nipple flattening or discharge.

Answer 31

Paget's disease

Question 32

Ways of palpating the breast

Answer 32

Vertical (most ideal) Circular Wedge

Question 33

an increase in the amount of breast gland tissue in boys or men. An imbalance of the hormones estrogen and testosterone causes it.

Answer 33

Gynecomastia