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Theories of Personality > Finalsss > Flashcards

Finalsss Flashcards

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1
Q

An eminent characteristic
or ruling passion so
outstanding that it
dominates their lives
So obvious that they
cannot be hidden

A

Cardinal Traits

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2
Q

5 to 10 most outstanding
characteristics around
which a person’s life
focuses

A

Central Traits

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3
Q

Less conspicuous (visible)
but far greater in number
than central dispositions

A

Secondary Traits

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4
Q

Intensely experienced dispositions
Initiates actions
Ex. Wearing clothes to keep warm
Motivational dispositions receive its
motivation from basic needs and drives

A

Motivational Dispositions

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5
Q

LESS intensely experienced dispositions
Guides Action
Ex. Styling a particular fashion on the
clothes you wear

A

Stylistic Dispositions

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6
Q

Traits possessed in some degree by all
persons
Ex. Intelligence, Extraversion,
Gregariousness

A

Common Traits

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7
Q

Traits possessed by one or a few persons
Ex. Interest on particular field, such as
Sports, History, etc.

A

Unique Traits

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8
Q

Traits that describe our
skills and how efficiently
we will be able to work
toward our goals
Ex. Intelligence

A

Ability Traits

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9
Q

Traits that describe our
general behavioral
style in responding to
our environment
Ex. Assertiveness,
Irritableness

A

Temperament Traits

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10
Q

Traits that describe our
motivations and interests
Driving forces of behavior

A

Dynamic Traits

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11
Q

Traits that show a correlation but do not
constitute a factor because they are not
determined by a single source
Composed of several elements
Less stable and permanent
Less important in describing personality
Ex.
Anxiety
Indecision
Irrational Fear

A

Surface Traits

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12
Q

Stable and permanent traits that are the
basic factors of personality, derived by
the method of factor analysis

A

Source Traits

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13
Q

Source traits that depend on our
physiological characteristics

A

Constitutional Traits

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14
Q

Source traits that are learned from social
and environmental interactions

A

Environmental –mold Traits

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15
Q

Deductive Method
Self-report Questionnaires
Bipolar Factors Traits
3 personality factors
Types or Super factors

A

EYSENCK

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16
Q

Inductive Method
L-Data, Q-Data, T-Data
(Source Traits, Surface Traits etc)
16 personality factors
Large number of traits

A

CATTEL

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17
Q

Three Bipolar Factors

A

Extraversion – Introversion
Neuroticism – Stability
Psychoticism – Superego Function

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18
Q

Calm, even-tempered, self-satisfied, and unemotional

A

Low on Neuroticism

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19
Q

Anxious, temperamental,
self-pitying, self-conscious, emotional and
vulnerable to stress related disorders

A

High on Neuroticism

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20
Q

Reserved, quiet, loners,
passive, and lacking the
ability to express strong
emotion

A

Low on Extraversion

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21
Q

Affectionate, jovial,
talkative, joiners, and fun-loving

A

High on Extraversion

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22
Q

Conventional, down-to-earth, conservative, and
lack in curiosity

A

Low on Openness

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23
Q

Creative, imaginative,
curious, liberal, and have a
preference for variety

A

High on Openness

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24
Q

Suspicious, stingy,
unfriendly, irritable, and
critical of other people

A

Low on Agreeableness

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25
Trusting, generous, yielding, acceptant, and good-natured
High on Agreeablenes
26
Disorganized, negligent, lazy, and aimless
Low on Conscientiousness
27
Hardworking, punctual, and persevering
High on Conscientiousness
28
Observation allows people to learn without performing any behavior
Observational Learning
29
The core of observational learning
Modelling
30
unintended meeting of persons unfamiliar to each other
Chance Encounter
31
environmental experience that is unexpected and unintended
Fortuitous Event
32
People are self-regulating, proactive, self-reflective, and self-organizing and that they have the power to influence their own actions to produce desired consequences
Human Agency
33
To acts a person performs intentionally/purposely
Intentionality
34
To set goals, to anticipate likely outcomes of their actions, and to select behaviors that will produce desired outcomes and avoid undesirable ones
Forethought
35
Process of motivating and regulating own actions
Self-reactiveness
36
Think about and evaluate motivations, values and the meanings of their life goals
Self-Reflectiveness
37
Beliefs of capability to perform actions that will produce a desire effect
Self-Efficacy
38
one’s prediction of the likely consequence of that behavior
Outcome expectations
39
how a person behaves
temperament
40
why one behaves
Motivation
41
how far or how fast one can perform
Ability
42
the largest and most frequently studied of the normal traits are the
16 Personality Factors Questionnaire (16 PF Scale)
43
Skinner did not claim that observable behavior is limited to ______. Private behaviors such as thinking, remembering, and anticipating are all observable by the person experiencing them.
External Events
44
reinforcing approximation of the targeted behavior until such time that the organism finally do what we intend them to do.
Shaping
45
a response to a similar environment in the absence of previous reinforcements. they react to a new situation in the same manner that they reacted to an earlier one because the two situations possess same identical elements.
Stimulus Generalization
46
environmental stimuli that are not by nature satisfying but become so because they are associated with such unlearned or primary reinforcers (food, water, sex, or physical comfort)
Conditioned Reinforcers
47
associated with more than one primary reinforcer
Generalized Reinforcer
48
aka forgetting
extinction
49
according to Skinner, human behavior is shaped by three forces:
Natural Selection Cultural Practices Individual's history of reinforcement
50
people withdraw from the controlling agent
Escape
51
behave more actively, counterattacking the controlling agent.
Revolt
52
they are more subtle than those who rebel and more irritating to the controllers than those who rely on escape
Passive Resistance
53
learning by observing others
Vicarious Learning
54
the people's shared beliefs that they can bring about change.
Collective Efficacy
55
internal factor that increases self-efficacy. priori achievements demonstrate our capabilities and strengthen our feelings of self-efficacy.
Mastery Experiences
56
"if they can do it, so can I"
Social Modeling
57
involves simply reminding people that they have the ability to achieve whatever they want to achieve, can enhance self-efficacy
Social Persuasion
58
the more fear, anxiety, or tension we experience in a given situation, the less we feel able to cope.
Physical and Emotional States
59
Overt or Vicarious Modeling
Observe
60
Covert or Cognitive Modeling
Visualize
61
Enactive Mastery
Perform
62
If a particular behavior carries a positive reinforcement value greater than the other, then that behavior has the greatest occurrence potential
Behavior Potential
63
college students whose previous hard work has been reinforced by high grades will have a generalized expectancy of future reward and will work hard in a variety of academic situations
Generalized Expectancies
64
Low anxiety, High self-esteem
Internal Locus of Control
65
_____ people, who believe that their behaviors and abilities make no difference in the reinforcers they receive, may see little value in exerting any effort to improve their situation
External Locus of Control
66
self-imposed goals and self-produced consequences to control own behavior
Self-Regulatory Strategies
67
vast array of information we acquire about the world and our relationship to it
Competencies
68
people’s ways of categorizing information received from external stimuli
Encoding Strategies
69
How you view your world Subjective Reality or World Outlook on life Use to Predict Behavior
Personal Construct
70
Person as a ____
Scientist
71
Permeability or Permeable
Fixed
72
We decide how we see our world
Constructive Alternativism
73
Fundamental/ Basic Postulate
Thinking in Advance
74
Construction Corollary
Similarities among events *Lagi kang tinitingnan nung may crush sayo, kaya pag may laging tumitingin sayo naiisip mo na crush ka nila
75
Individuality Corollary
Person differs from each other in their construction of events Differences among people *Same experience, different approach
76
Organization Corollary
Characteristically evolve for convenience in anticipating events *Laging cold iniinom mo, so nung pinapili ka kung hot or cold water, you choose hot water
77
Superordinate
more important
78
Subordinate
less important
79
Dichotomy Corollary
dichotomy of constructs If I do this, then... black - white
80
Choice Corollary
Choice between dichotomies
81
Range Corollary
Range of Convenience
82
Comprehensive
Applicable to many events
83
Incedental
Narrow application
84
Experience Corollary
Experience consists of the successive construing of events Experience Learning
85
Modulation Corollary
Adaptation to experience
86
Nonnegotiable
Preemptive
87
Stereotyping
Constellatory
88
Propositional Construct
Open-Minded
89
Fragmentation Corollary or Incompatible Construct
Not all Personal Construct are consistent / incompatible
90
Commonality Corollary
Similarities among people
91
Sociality Corollary or Social Process
Role teacher - expected to teach
92
Circumspection Phase
people consider several constructs OPTIONS
93
Preemptive Phase
person reduces number of constructs NARROWING

Theories of Personality (3 decks)

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