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kines exam 2 > Finger Joints and Ligaments > Flashcards

Finger Joints and Ligaments Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

how is the hand a multi-purpose organ

A

manipulate things in our environment

use it to interact with our environment

sensory organ

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2
Q

what is the primary goal of treating the hand

A

restoration of function

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3
Q

can the hand function w/o the brain

A

no

but the brain needs the hand as a primary tool of expression

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4
Q

carpometacarpal joints of the fingers (CMC joints)

A

digits 2-5

articulation b/w the distal carpal row and bases of 2nd-5th metacarpals

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5
Q

2nd metacarpal articulates with

A

primarily the trapezoid

secondarily with the trapezium, capitate and 3rd metacarpal

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6
Q

3rd metacarpal articulates with

A

primarily with capitate

secondarily w/ second and fourth metacarpals

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7
Q

4th metacarpal articulates with

A

primarily w/ capitate and hamate

also with 3rd and 5th metacarpals

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8
Q

5th metacarpal articulates w/

A

primarily w/ the hamate

also w/ ulnar side of the 4th metacarpal

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9
Q

what kind of joints are the 2-4th CMC joints

A

plane synovial joints

have slightly curved articular surfaces

1 degree of freedom

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10
Q

what motion do the CMC joints allow

A

potentially allow flexion/extension in sagittal plane around a frontal axis

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11
Q

normal ROM flexion/extension CMC joint

A

ranges up to 10-20 degrees

increases as you go from radial to ulnar side

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12
Q

what kind of joint is the 5th CMC joint

A

saddle joint with 2 degrees of freedom

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13
Q

what movements does the 5th CMC joint allow

A

flexion/extension
ABD/ADD
some rotation

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14
Q

flexion/extension 5th CMC joint

A

10-20 degrees

motion increases as you go from radial to ulnar side

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15
Q

are you ever going to measure CMC motion

A

no

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16
Q

what ligaments support all CMC joints

A

supported by strong transverse and weaker longitudinal ligaments volary and dorsally

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17
Q

transverse metacarpal ligament (CMC)

A

tethers together the heads of the four metacarpals of the fingers

prevents CMC ABD

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18
Q

what predominately controls ROM at CMC joints

A

ligamentous structure

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19
Q

what happens from radial to ulnar side

A

ROM increases

2nd and 3rd joints are essentially immobile

4th is more mobile

5th is most mobile

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20
Q

stability of the 2nd and 3rd CMC joints

A

functional adaptation

enhances the function of the radial wrist flexors and extensors

MORE EFFICIENT

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21
Q

what happens since there are muscles that insert on the bases of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

A

when they contract

they would act initially on the CMC joints before flexing or extending the midcarpal or radiocarpal joints

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22
Q

since the CMC joints are immobile

A

it allows the muscles to have a more distal attachment, functionally

leads to an increased lever arm

leads to greater efficiency for wrist extensors and flexors

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23
Q

joint capsule for CMC joint

A

continuous w/ that of the intermetacarpal joints

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24
Q

primary function of CMC joint

A

contribute to hollowing of the palm

form arches of the hand

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25
which joints creates the palm/hollows the hand
4/5th CMC joints
26
how many arches in the palm
4 3 structural and 1 functional
27
structural arches
transverse carpal arch transverse metacarpal arch longitudinal arch
28
transverse carpal arch
most proximal arch is a consistent concavity created by the curved shapes of the carpals and by the ligaments that maintain concavity this arch forms the carpal tunnel
29
ligaments that maintain concavity
intercarpal ligaments transverse carpal ligament flexor retinaculum
30
transverse metacarpal arch
formed by heads of the metacarpals 4th and 5th metacarpal heads move towards the 2nd and 3rd via the CMC joint
31
longitudinal arch
formed by each finger with respective carpal, metacarpal and phalanges
32
functional arch
oblique arch
33
oblique arch
formed by the thumb with each finger in opposition 4 of them
34
what do the arches of the hand allow
palm and fingers to conform to objects being held bones form the arches of the hand intrinsic muscles maintain the integrity of the arches
35
what happens if the hand looks flat
muscle issue wasting of intrinsic muscles
36
metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP, MP)
each MCP joint is composed of a convex metacarpal head articulating with the concave base of the proximal phalanx **Concave moving on convex** everything in the same direction
37
what kind of joints are the MCP joints
condyloid joints with 2 degrees of freedom
38
what motions do MCP joints allow
flexion/extension ABD/ADD
39
flexion/extension MCP
sagittal plane around a frontal axis motion will vary from radial side to ulnar side (more ROM on ulnar side)
40
MCP flexion
90 degrees (radial side) 135 degrees (ulnar side)
41
MCP extension
45 degrees beyond neutral
42
ABD/ADD MCP
frontal plane around a sagittal axis most motion is at the index finger
43
ABD/ADD ROM MCP
45 degrees both ways
44
middle finger MCP ABD/ADD
radial ABD and ulnar ABD
45
what is ABD/ADD MCP ROM referred to as
normal arc of motion total ABD + total ADD for each finger
46
ligaments of MCP joint
transverse metacarpal ligament radial and ulnar collateral ligaments accessory collateral ligaments
47
transverse metacarpal ligament
runs on volar aspect and attaches one metacarpal tot he next via the volar plates
48
radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
run obliquely from the dorsal aspect of the metacarpal to ventral aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx are taut in MP flexion and slack in extension
49
accessory collateral ligaments
run from dorsal aspect of metacarpal to the volar plate slack in flexion
50
joint capsule (MCP)
surrounds the joint relatively loose and is reinforced dorsally by the extensor expansion lines by synovial membrane slack in extension which allows for some axial rotation
51
volar plate
MCP articulation w/in the sagittal plane d/t incongruency volar plate reduces the incongruency and make MCP joint more congruent in the sagittal plane
52
what is the volar plate
fibrocartilage that is firmly attached to the base of the proximal phalanx blends with the more superficial transverse metacarpal ligament
53
volar plate function
increases the articular surfaces in the sagittal plane prevent pinching of the flexor tendons restrict hypertension
54
how is the volar plate stabilized
by attachments of the accessory collateral ligaments
55
accessory movements of MCP joint
great deal of joint play at MCP joint A-P glides M-L glides large amount of distraction available
56
interphalangeal joints of the fingers and thumb
a convex head articulating with the concave base concave moving on convex bone motion, roll and glide in the same direction
57
how many types of IP joints are there
3 DIP, PIP, IP
58
what kind of joints are the IP joints
synovial hinge joint one degree of freedom
59
what motion does the IP joint allow
flexion/extension sagittal plane around a frontal axis
60
pip joint flexion ROM
90-135 degrees increasing as you go towards the ulnar side
61
why is full PIP joint flexion important
hand function
62
extension of PIP joint
0 degrees beyond 0 is hyperextension
63
DIP joint flexion ROM
0-70 or 90 degrees
64
DIP joint extension ROM
active --> 0 degrees passive --> up to 30 degrees
65
ligaments of IP joints
collateral ligaments
66
collateral ligaments IP joint
insert on the proximal phalanges remain taut in all positions
67
joint capsule IP joint
relatively loose helps maintain integrity of the joint reinforced by the presence of the volar plate
68
volar plate of IP joint
reinforced each of the capsules structurally and functionally identical to the ones at the MCP joints **NOT CONNECTED BY A TRANSVERSE LIG**
69
accessory movements of IP joint
rotation distraction
70
rotation @ IP joints
positions pads of fingers in an optimal position to oppose the thumb
71
distraction at IP joints
M-L and A-P glides from external forces
72
what accessory movement is mostly @DIP joints
oppose the pads of your thumb more efficient grip

kines exam 2 (17 decks)

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