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Forensic Science Final > Fire > Flashcards

Fire Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

4 Reasons why fire investigation is needed?

A
  1. Find out where a fire started
  2. Find out why the fire started there
  3. Find out if a criminal act has taken place
  4. Fire brigade need to prevent it from happening again
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2
Q

What are the 3 elements of the fire triangle?

A

Heat
Fuel
Oxygen

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of heat?

A

Convection
Conduction
Radiation
Spontaneous Ignition

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4
Q

What is the definition of Heat?

A

Heat of an object is the aggregate energy of all molecular movement inside the object

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5
Q

Heat is a _____ of _____ that _____ from one _____ to another

A

Form
Energy
Transfers
Object

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6
Q

What is the definition of Conduction?

A

Heat transfer of molecules in direct contact with each other, without the movement of particles.

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7
Q

What is the definition of Convection?

A

Transfer of heat due to the movement of particles from one object to another

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8
Q

What is the definition of Radiation?

A

Heat transferred through a medium or vacuum wherein space in-between is not heated up

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9
Q

What is Oxidation?

A

This is when fuel burns and reacts with oxygen from the surrounding air

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10
Q

Examples of Conduction?

A

Using ice to cool down your hand
Touching a stove and burning your hand
Boiling water by plunging a red hot iron into it

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11
Q

Examples of Convection?

A

Hot air rising, cooling and falling (convection current)

Old fashion radiator, draws cool air in at bottom emits hot air at the top

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12
Q

Examples of Radiation?

A

Sun heating your face
Heat from a lightbulb
Heat from a fire

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13
Q

How do you extinguish fires

A

Remove any of required components

Usually heat or oxygen

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14
Q

Methods of extinguishing fires

A 
Water
Carbon Dioxide 
Foam
Dry Powder
Sand / Blankets
Vaporising liquids
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15
Q

Deliberate causes of fire?

A 
Naked flame
Accelerants
Point of entry
Vandalisms
Delay devices
Suicide
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16
Q

Accidental causes of fire?

A 
Naked flame
Electrical appliances
Gas
Chip pans
Smoking materials
Spontaneous combustion
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17
Q

What are the 3 types of fire?

A

Flaming fire
Smouldering fire
Explosions

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18
Q

What fire type is the most commonly encountered?

A

Flaming fire

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19
Q

Most ____ go through the ___ stage at some point

A

Fires

Stage

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20
Q

5 features of a Smouldering fire?

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A
  1. Flameless combustion
  2. Can proceed at low oxygen concentrations
  3. smoke / fire products may be deposited
  4. can develop into flaming fire
  5. may produce considerable localised damage
21
Q

What are the 2 Explosion fire phases?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dispersed phase

Condensed phase

22
Q

Dispersed phase 3 features?

Study These Flashcards
A

Vapour phase explosions
Typically petrol or gases
Less damage than high explosives

23
Q

Condensed phase 3 features?

Study These Flashcards
A

High explosives
Commercial explosives; TNT, Semtex, RDX
Cause severe damage

24
Q

what does BLEVE stand for?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Boiling
Liquid
Expanding 
Vapour 
Explosion
25
What is methanes LEL and UEL?
LEL 5% | UEL 15%
26
What is propanes LEL and UEL?
LEL 2.2% | UEL 9.5%
27
What is butanes LEL and UEL?
LEL 1.5% | UEL 7.8%
28
What is acetylenes LEL and UEL?
LEL 2.5% | UEL 80%
29
What is petrols LEL and UEL?
LEL 1.1% | UEL 8.7%
30
Spontaneous combustion 3 types?
Industrial Agriculture Laundrettes
31
Why commit Arson 5 reasons?
``` To commit a crime To disguise a crime To remove or obscure evidence To claim against an insurance policy To commit suicide ```
32
5 Factors that may suggest Arson?
1. Discovery of another crime 2. Signs of a disturbance 3. The use of an accelerant 4. Multiple seats of fire 5. Background info.
33
4 General fire rules?
1. Fire burn upwards and outwards 2. Spread quicker on vertical surfaces 3. Flame height varies with position of fire 4. Flashover
34
Locating the seat of the fire, 8 features that can help
1. Most extensive burning 2. Lowest point of burning 3. Smoke pattern 4. Directional effects 5. Witness / Fire Brigade information 6. Info from alarm system 7. Electric Arc Mapping 8. Secondary location / seat of fire.
35
What 7 evidential materials may be recovered from a fire?
1. Glass 2. Accelerant residues 3. Footwear marks 4. Blood 5. DNA 6. Fingerprints 7. Remains of devices; such as petrol bombs
36
What are the 3 types of hazards at fire scenes?
Physical Chemical Biological hazards
37
Chemical hazards 4 examples?
Drugs/poisons Drug laboratories Corrosive Chemicals Explosives
38
Biological hazards 3 examples?
Injection Infection Inhalation
39
Flammable liquid analysis 5 methods?
``` Organic vapour analyser (sniffer) Headspace sampling Gas chromatography Interpretation Liquid comparisons and "branding" ```
40
Petrol bombs are classified under the ____ _____ substances ___
1883 Explosive Act
41
R v Bouch 4 criteria for a petrol bomb?
1. Readily breakable container 2. Wick of absorbent material in the neck 3. Some of wick must protrude from neck 4. Free liquid petrol in container
42
What is the most important toxic effect of a fire?
Carbon Monoxide
43
Fatal limits of CO?
50%+
44
Burnt bodies generally do not ____
Bleed
45
3 Main causes of a Vehicle fire
1. Deliberate acts 2. Accidents / unintentional acts 3. Design faults of the car or poor care of the car
46
Flash fires have low/high level of CO?
LOW
47
Smouldering fires have low/high level of CO?
HIGH
48
What are the 3 main areas vehicle fires are found?
1. Engine compartment 2. Passenger compartment 3. Boot

Forensic Science Final (3 decks)

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