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Fire Suppression Flashcards

1
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • First arriving PFA unit or member:
A
  • Establish command
  • Conduct size-up
  • Develop Strat goals and tact obj
  • Communicate the IAP
  • Ensure orders and assignments are understood
  • Engage
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2
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • Initial arrival report:
A
  • Size
  • Height
  • Occupancy type or common name
  • Condition (NS, SS, WF)
  • Immediate needs
  • Actions (360, stretching line, command only)
  • Assume, announce, position command *announce “alpha side”
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3
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • Follow up report:
A
  • 360 Complete report
  • Update description/conditions (basement, location of fire, and safety concerns)
  • Update actions: “pulling attack line”
  • Update needs: more resources
  • Determine and announce Strategy: offensive/defensive
  • Pause for feedback
  • Assignments
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4
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • Command Transfer
A
  • Upon arrival, BC announces arrival and confirms assignments and IAP by contacting IC
  • BC reviews IAP, the BC or second IC announces that he is taking command and confirms strategy
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5
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • Specific Considerations:
A
  • 1st arriving - pull past
  • IC determines the appropriate strategy based on critical fire ground factors (life safety, access, building occupancy, arrangement, resources, special hazards)
  • Before entry, IC considers immediate rescue, location and stage of fire, and available resources for 2 out
  • If change in IAP results in change of risk profile, the IC should communicate the change
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6
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • 2nd arriving engine’s responsibilities:
A
  • Perform Reset
  • Deploying attack lines
  • Water supply
  • Supply standpipe, sprinkler, or master streams
  • “Two-out” crew
  • Officer should be prepared to assume command
  • Division/Group should be given to the second arriving officer
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7
Q

1st Alarm Structure

  • 3rd arriving engine’s responsibilities:
A
  • Any of the responsibilities outlined for the second-in

- RIC

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8
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • Support Ops responsibilities:
A
  • Forcible entry
  • Search & Rescue
  • Anti-vent &/or door control
  • Laddering the building
  • Vent
  • Salvage and overhaul
  • Assist w/ fire cause determination
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9
Q

Two In/Two Out

  • SHALL apply to all offensive fires except:
A
  • Incipient stage fire
  • “Known rescue”
  • Fought from non-IDLH
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10
Q

Fire Ground Vent

  • Actions FFs can take to prevent a rapid fire progression:
A
  • Maintain control of the door to isolate the fire
  • Control ventilation of Windows
  • Get sufficient water on the fire ASAP and into the gas layers
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11
Q

Vent Size-Up

A
  • Primary purpose (vent for search or vent for extinguishment)
  • Wind direction
  • Location of smoke or fire - vent limited
  • Is vent needed? What type? Where?
  • Where are victims most likely located?
  • Where are FFs located and are they ready for vent?
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12
Q

Vent Tactics

  • Anti-vent is optimum strategy where?
A
  • A hose line is not in position
  • Vent openings may spread fire into roof spaces
  • A vent limited fire might advance towards a rapid fire progression event
  • A clear reason to open has yet to be identified
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13
Q

Hose lines SHALL be defined by:

A
  • Attack lines
  • Two-out line
  • Exposure line
  • Back-up line
  • Overhaul line
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14
Q

Hose lines Offensive Strategy

A
  • Support fire attack and primary search
  • Reset when vent limited fire conditions exists and the fire is self vented
  • Control and extinguish the fire
  • Placed between fire and exposed occupants
  • Control means of egress (hallways, stairways)
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15
Q

Hose lines

Defensive:

A
  • Size and location depends on available water supply
  • Protect exposures and limit fire spread
  • Confine and extinguish the fire to the building of origin
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16
Q

Search

  • Methods of protecting search crews:
A
  • Recognizing and mitigating of vent-limited conditions (i.e. Reset)
  • ID & control flow paths
  • Position hose lines to protect search
  • Establish two-out crew ASAP
  • ID & hardening alternative means of egress
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17
Q

Initial deployment of RIC(s)

  • Critical safety tasks to be evaluated:
A
  • Egress means are established and maintained
  • Secondary means of egress are ID, unlocked, or easily opened
  • Ground ladders are placed to Windows above 1st floor
  • Adequate two-out line is in place
  • Second ladder is placed to roof during roof ops
  • Utilities are secured
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18
Q

RIC(s) for special ops

A
  • High rise fires: should be assigned to the staging area, lobby, or other appropriate location
  • Specialized rescue: truck, USAR, or support personnel
  • Hazmat: techs may be assigned
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19
Q

Lost or trapped FFs

  • Situational awareness and practice self- survival techniques
A
  • Be assigned to a group/division or crew lead
  • Have an assignment or objective
  • Keep crew intact with radio
  • Wear PPE & practice air management
  • Keep crews in visual, voice, or touch
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20
Q

Calling a May Day

A
  • Activate May Day pressing bob, mayday x3, and NUCAN
  • Command repeats NUCAN
  • Command should transmit emergency tone followed by brief description on tactical channel
  • Deploy RIC & ensure NUCAN was received
  • Command should consider rescue group sup
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21
Q

Command’s May Day response

SHALL accomplish 7 actions:

A
  • Transmit situational brief on tactical channel
  • Deploy RIC
  • Consider rescue group sup and separate safety officer
  • Incorporate rescue effort into IAP
  • Order additional resources
  • PAR: command must have this info before rescue plan is fully developed
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22
Q

IC’s additional considerations during May Day

A
  • Do not abandon the FF position unless necessary
  • A second RIC for entire incident
  • Additional safety officer
  • Control access and prevent unassigned entries
  • Watch structural stability
  • Consider aides for IC & rescue group sup
  • Anticipate additional ambulances
23
Q

Water Supply

Areas with hydrants “urban”

A
  • Usually 2nd or 3rd engine
  • Supply Capt should air hydrant location and lay
  • Big fire, delayed 2nd due- 1st should lay own supply
  • Supply should consider reverse lay
  • Each master stream should have own water supple
  • water supply group and water department may be established
24
Q

“Rural” Water Supply

A
  • Request additional tenders early
  • tender ops require space
  • narrow drives- 1st should lay a single or dual 3” on side of the road
  • supply engine Capt should assume water supply officer
  • nursing or porta tank
  • extended ops- minimum of 3 tenders
  • consider static water supple (3rd engine)
  • calc tender cycle time and notify IC of the estimated available water flows
25
Automatic Fire-Alarm Response 1st Arriving Unit
- perform size-up - assign units as needed - investigate to determine the cause of the alarm - the cause must be documented in NFIRS 1 engine or truck emergent, FIC non-emergent (all fire alarms except single family residential AlarmR (residential): 1 engine or truck non-emergent
26
Operating with fixed fire protection systems Fire sprinklers
- If known fire, the apparatus SHALL pump to the FDC - SHALL be connected to a fire hydrant - once activated, SHALL NOT be shot down until ordered by the IC
27
Fire standpipes
- 4 or more stories in height, as well as below and above grade parking structures are typically equipped in every stairwell - standpipes SHALL have priority of supply efforts over sprinkler systems when interior ops - water should not be pumped until unused hose connections are capped or valves closed - apparatus pumping the FDC SHALL be connected to a fire hydrant
28
High Rise Most problems relate to:
- difficulties of access - complexities of construction - # of occupants in these structures * Occupant life safety and FF safety is the highest priority * FF fatigue
29
Most effective high rise strategy
- aggressive fire attack - control of the building environment - coordinated occupant movement
30
Initial high rise assignments
- 5 engines, 2 trucks, SO, BC, 1 ambulance - 1st arriving engine: recon and fire attack - 2nd arriving engine: lobby control/stair and FDC - 3rd arriving engine: 2nd hose line, pre-position non-IDLH - 4th arriving engine: base and staging (2 floors below) and support stairwell ops - trucks: support ops on fire floor and floors above and recon for vent
31
High rise A- attack
- 1st & 3rd arriving engines - take command - recon, set up for attack, and make attack - no elevators - check annunciator panel - Knox key- take only what you need - communicate plan with others - take essential equipment (extra cylinders, irons, hose) - ascending stairs (officer sets pace, check standpipe on way up) - determine what is going on (CAN) - transfer or pass command
32
High rise L- lobby, stairwell, and supply 2nd arriving
- be prepared to assume command - establish water (reverse out, take off equipment, protect hose) - get control of building: lockout elevator, Knox, re-check annunciator, control HVAC, altern means of communication - lobby: traffic control, direct crews, accountability - set up stairwell: recon (best for attack and rescue), vent stairwell (make sure it is getting done), get equipment moving up the stairwell
33
High rise Base/staging 4th arriving
- base: outside 200 ft, crews report to base, establish equipment cache, area manager tracks crews and assignments, communicate w/ IC or logistics regarding crews - Staging: 2 floors below, area to refill cylinders, rehab (paramedic assisted), reenforce stairwell ops, assign one crew member to lobby, tell lobby crew member is assigned
34
High rise Support ops (1st arriving)
- objective: perform recon of the floors above and support attack ops and life safety - one crew recon the floors above and fire floor - take essential equipment - vent assessment on way up - one crew assigned vent, consider PPV stairwells - recon stairwells for ops (FFing and life safety - vertical rescue: assign if needed
35
High rise BC & Command staff
- assume command - approximately 200 ft away - determine viability of attack plan and adequacy of resources - assign logistics section chief to manage lobby, stair, base and staging
36
High rise Modes of operation
- investigation mode ( nothing showing): 1st truck assist with recon and prepare to vent - high rise attack mode ( visible signs): order big, order early
37
Fires in structures 1-3 stories in height Rescue operations Rescue efforts in following order:
- those victims most immediate threatened - the largest concentration of victims - the remainder of the structure * use interior access to remove victims when possible * secondary rescue of elevated platforms, aerial ladders, ground ladders, fire escapes
38
Fires in 1-3 stories Additional considerations:
- center hallway- 2 hose lines ( 1 attack and 1 to protect hallway) - ASAP, hose line to the floor above - personal rescue devise on 3 stories and above
39
Below grade fires 1st arriving
- should consider basement involvement ( balloon frame) - confirm basement conditions prior to making entry. If there is basement involvement, the IC should adjust IAP to directly attack the basement fire
40
Below Grade Fire Size-Up
- perform 360 - determine whether there is a basement, what type, and location/# of access - determine conditions in the basement - ID current ventilation profile and predict expected flow path
41
Below Grade Fires IAP Strategic Considerations:
- Consider attack into basement window - suppression will be most efficient and safest when fire attack from same level - reset - working on the floor above the basement should be avoided if possible - high probability of victims may necessitate ops above - flow path SHALL be controlled
42
Below Grade Fires Tactical Considerations:
- 1st hose line - rapid knockdown. Poss reset - the following factors would preclude the descent of 1st line down the interior stairs: • high heat conditions • questionable stability of stairs • initial size-up indicating a serious fire condition - the status of the interior basement door is a critical factor and should be communicated - search may be conducted above fire or in basement (risk profile) - door control should be maintained
43
Below Grade Fires Safety Considerations:
- stairwell can be chimney - is basement finished or unfinished - sounding the floor and floor sage is not reliable
44
Carbon Monoxide, HCN, and Asbestos in overhaul and post fire ops General Procedures
- all SHALL wear full PPE and SCBA during overhaul - fire investigators SHALL wear the appropriate PPE - the IC, SO, or designated member SHALL make a safety site survey and air monitoring prior to removal of any PPE - on-going air monitoring SHALL be done during the overhaul and investigation process
45
Asbestos Decon Procedures:
- overhaul with least amount of people - all exposed to asbestos should undergo gross Decon (HEPA Vac) - breathing air during - members conducting Decon SHALL also be protected - all PPE laundered upon returning to station - shower immediately upon return
46
Atmospheric Monitiring
- should not be used in visible smoke - personnel without SCBA SHALL NOT be allowed in structures unless 0ppm CO 0ppm HCN - CO vapor density .97, HCN .94 so monitoring for both gases should be done 3-8 ft above the floor
47
VEIS Resources:
Requires an entry crew of two or more supported by a hose line crew.
48
VEIS 1st arriving IC:
- SHALL conduct a size-up - establish command - communicate IAP to responding units
49
VEIS Scene size-up:
- should be a search tactic when: • there is a known probable occupant(s) • conventional means of access for primary search is compromised by fire or when VEIS is a more obvious choice to quickly locate and rescue the victim(s)
50
VEIS IAP Strategic considerations for IC:
- tactical op SHALL be communicated to all units - the IAP SHALL be modified to coordinate the VEIS with all other fire ground ops. Support of the VEIS is the priority - while VEIS is being performed, PPV & PPA should not be used - consider assigning a VEIS group sup - plan for additional VEIS ops in different locations - all other ops should not interfere w/ VEIS - command only option or passing command
51
VEIS Tactical considerations:
- maintain strict accountability - maintain situational awareness - confirm PPV and PPA are not used - confirm adequate resources - confirm crew assigned VEIS understand objectives - communicate tactical supervisors - ensure 2nd ladder of equal length is pre-positioned - give timely and concise CAN report to IC - upon exit, VEIS sup SHALL report a PAR - constantly reassess conditions and re-evaluate risk profile
52
VEIS Task considerations:
- positioning - ventilation - entry - sill control - isolate - search and rescue - egress: if different egress, this SHALL be communicated to VEIS sup - hose line
53
VEIS Safety considerations:
- IC SHALL confirm the VEIS matches PFA's risk profile | - all personnel not directly involved in the VEIS SHALL maintain strict radio discipline

PFA ODs (6 decks)

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