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First Aid Rapid Review > First Aid 2012 Rapid Review: Classic lab/diagnostic findings > Flashcards

First Aid 2012 Rapid Review: Classic lab/diagnostic findings Flashcards

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1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-GBM antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomeruloneohritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (SHIPP –> Sulfanomides, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Phenytoin, Procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis
c-ANCA –> Wegener’s
p-ANCA –> Microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome

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8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies

ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA

A

SLE (Type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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10
Q

Anti-Topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/gliadin/endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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12
Q

“Apple core” lesions on abdominal X-RAY

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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13
Q

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3], type)

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14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive –> Strep pyogenes (Group A)

Resistant –> Strep agalactiae (Group B)

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15
Q

“Bamboo spine” on X-RAY

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

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17
Q

Basophilic stipplings in RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart on X-RAY

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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20
Q

Branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

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22
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:

  1. Hyperparathyroidism
  2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica
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23
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chaga’s disease (T. cruzi)

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24
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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25
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
26
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
27
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic Fibrosis (AR mutation of CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucus plugs)
28
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
29
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis
30
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder)
31
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)
32
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
33
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV)
34
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl's eye" appearance of CMV
35
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
38
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
39
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
40
Extracellular amyloid deposition in grey matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
41
Giant B cells with bi-lobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ('owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
42
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
43
"Hair-on-end" (crew cut) appearance on X-RAY
Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
44
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
45
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
46
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mono
47
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
48
High level of D-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
49
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB)
50
"Honeycomb lung" on X-RAY
Interstitial fibrosis
51
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia B12 deficiency --> neurologic symptoms Folate deficiency --> no neurologic symptoms
52
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
53
Increased AFP in amnionic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida,
54
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
55
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
56
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased risk of mesothelioma)
57
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
58
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on X-RAY
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
59
Linear appearance of glomeruli on IF
Goodpasture's syndrome
60
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
61
"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on IF
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Iimmune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
62
Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on X-RAY
Multiple myeloma
63
Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
64
Monoclonal antibody spike
1. Multiple myeloma (called M protein; usually IgG or IgA) 2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging) 3. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (M protein = IgM 4. Primary amyloidosis
65
Monoclonal protein in blood/urine
Bence Jones proteins 1. Multiple myeloma --> Kappa or Lambda Ig light chains in urine 2. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia --> IgM
66
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
67
Narrowing of bowel lumen barium radiograph
"String sign" (Crohn's disease)
68
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
69
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
70
Novobiocin response
Sensitive --> Staph epidermidis | Resistant --> Staph saprophyticus
71
"Nutmeg" liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
72
"Onion-skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
73
Optochin response
Sensitive --> Strep pneumoniae | Resistant --> Viridans strep
74
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on X-RAY (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
75
Podocyte fusion on EM
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
76
Polished "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
77
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
78
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
79
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
80
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
81
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
82
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
83
Rib notching
Coarctation of aorta
84
Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
85
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation; associated with EBV)
86
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
87
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on X-RAY
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
88
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" sub-epithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
89
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
90
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
91
"Tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
92
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets and RBCs)
93
"Thumb sign" on lateral X-RAY
Epiglottitis (H. influenzae)
94
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
95
"Tram-track" appearance on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
96
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
97
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell, affects the elderly)
98
"Wire-loop" glomerular appearance on LM
Lupus nephropathy
99
Yellow CSF
Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)

First Aid Rapid Review (4 decks)

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