First Aid 2012 Rapid Review: Common treatments

Question 1

Absence seizures

Answer 1

Ethosuximide

Question 2

Acute gout attack

Answer 2

NSAIDs, colchicine

Question 3

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

Answer 3

All-trans retinoic acid

Question 4

ADHD

Answer 4

Methylphenidate, amphetamines

Question 5

Alcohol abuse

Answer 5

AA + disulfiram for patient and Al-Anon for family

Question 6

Alcohol withdrawal

Answer 6

Benzodiazepines

Question 7

Anorexia

Answer 7

SSRIs

Question 8

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

Answer 8

Heparin

Question 9

Anxiety

Answer 9

Buspirone

Question 10

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

Answer 10

Class IB antiarrhythmics (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

Question 11

B12 deficiency

Answer 11

B12

Question 12

BPH

Answer 12

Tamsulosin, finasteride

Question 13

Bipolar disorder

Answer 13

Lithium, Valproate, Carbamazepine (mood stabilizers)

Question 14

Breast cancer in post-menopausal woman

Answer 14

Aromatase inhibitor

Question 15

Buerger’s disease

Answer 15

Smoking cessation

Question 16

Bulimia

Answer 16

SSRIs

Question 17

Candida albicans

Answer 17

Amphotericin B (systemic), Nystatin (oral thrush, esophagitis)

Question 18

Carcinoid syndrome

Answer 18

Octreotide

Question 19

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 19

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea co-infection), Erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

Question 20

Chronic gout

Answer 20

Probenecid (under-excretor), allopurinol (overproducer)

Question 21

Chronic hepatitis

Answer 21

IFN-alpha

Question 22

CML

Answer 22

Imatinib

Question 23

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 23

Antitoxin

Question 24

C. diff

Answer 24

Oral metronidazole

Question 25

Clostridium tetani

Answer 25

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

Question 26

Crohn's disease

Answer 26

Corticosteroids, infliximab

Question 27

Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 27

Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)

Question 28

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 28

N-acetylcysteine + anti-pseudomonal prophylaxis (tobramycin/azithromycin)

Question 29

CMV

Answer 29

Ganciclovir

Question 30

Depression

Answer 30

SSRIs (1st line)

Question 31

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 31

Desmopressin (central); HTZ, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

Question 32

DM Type I

Answer 32

Diet + insulin

Question 33

DM Type II

Answer 33

Diet, oral hypoglycemic agent, possible insulin

Question 34

DKA

Answer 34

Fluids, insulin, potassium

Question 35

Enterococci

Answer 35

Vancomycin/Ampicillin + aminoglycoside

Question 36

Erectile dysfunction

Answer 36

Sildenafil

Question 37

ER-positive breast cancer

Answer 37

Tamoxifen

Question 38

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

Answer 38

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

Question 39

Folate deficiency

Answer 39

Folate

Question 40

Haemophilus influenzae (B)

Answer 40

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

Question 41

Hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 41

Mesna

Question 42

Heparin toxicity (acute)

Answer 42

Protamine sulfate

Question 43

HER2/neu-positive breast cancer

Answer 43

Trastuzumab

Question 44

Hyperaldosteronism

Answer 44

Spironolactone

Question 45

Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 45

Statin (1st line)

Question 46

Hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 46

Fibrate

Question 47

Immediate anticoagulation

Answer 47

Heparin

Question 48

Infertility

Answer 48

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile)

Question 49

Influenza

Answer 49

Amantadine/rimantadine

Question 50

Legionella pneumophila

Answer 50

Erythromycin

Question 51

Long-term anticoagulation

Answer 51

Warfarin

Question 52

Malaria

Answer 52

Blood schizont - chloroquine/mefloquine | Liver hypnozoite - Primaquine

Question 53

Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 53

Dantrolene

Question 54

Medical abortion

Answer 54

Mifepristone

Question 55

Migraine

Answer 55

Sumatriptan

Question 56

MRSA

Answer 56

Vancomycin

Question 57

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 57

IFN-beta

Question 58

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 58

RIPES (Rifampin, INH, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin)

Question 59

Neisseria gonorrhea

Answer 59

Ceftriaxone (add Doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)

Question 60

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 60

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

Question 61

Neural tube defect prevention

Answer 61

Folate

Question 62

Osteomalacia/rickets

Answer 62

Vitamin D

Question 63

PDA

Answer 63

Indomethacin

Question 64

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 64

alpha-antagonists

Question 65

Pneumocystis jiroceci

Answer 65

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)

Question 66

Prolactinoma

Answer 66

Bromocriptine (DA agonist)

Question 67

Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids

Answer 67

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuos)

Question 68

Prostate carcinoma

Answer 68

Flutamide

Question 69

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 69

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside

Question 70

Pulmonary HTN

Answer 70

Bosentan

Question 71

Rickettsia rickettsii

Answer 71

Tetracycline, chloramphenicol (especially in context of aplastic anemia)

Question 72

Ringworms

Answer 72

Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole

Question 73

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

Answer 73

5-HT2a antagonists (e.g., Olanzapine)

Question 74

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

Answer 74

D2 receptor antagonists

Question 75

SIADH

Answer 75

Demeclocycline, Lithium

Question 76

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 76

Hydroxyurea (increases HbF)

Question 77

Sporothrix schenckii

Answer 77

Oral KI

Question 78

Stable angina

Answer 78

Sublingual nitroglycerin

Question 79

Staph aureus

Answer 79

Methicillin/nafcillin

Question 80

Step bovis

Answer 80

Penicillin prophylaxis

Question 81

Strep pneumoniae

Answer 81

- Systemic infection/pneumonia - penicillin/cephalosporin | - Meningitis - vancomycin

Question 82

Strep pyogenes

Answer 82

Penicillin prophylaxis

Question 83

Temporal arteritis

Answer 83

High-dose steroids

Question 84

Tonic-clonic seizures

Answer 84

Phenytoin, Valproate, Carbamazepine

Question 85

Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 85

Sulfonamide + pyrimethamine

Question 86

Treponema pallidum

Answer 86

Penicillin

Question 87

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 87

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

Question 88

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 88

5-ASA, infliximab

Question 89

UTI prophylaxis

Answer 89

TMP-SMX

Question 90

Warfarin toxicity

Answer 90

FFP (acute), Vitamin K (chronic)

Question 91

Wegener's granulomatosis

Answer 91

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids