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Army Board > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

0
Q

What is first aid?

A

It’s the first care given to injured soldiers before medical personnel are available.

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1
Q

What army manual covers first aid for soliders?

A

FM 4-25.11.

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2
Q

What are the 4 life saving steps of first aid?

A
  1. Clear the airway and restore breathing
  2. Stop the bleeding
  3. Treat and dress the wounds to prevent infections
  4. Prevent shock
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3
Q

Whose first aid dressing should be used on the casualty?

A

Use the casualty bandage

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4
Q

When should a tourniquet be used to stop the bleeding?

A

As a last resort when everything else has failed to stop the bleeding or when a limb has been cut off

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5
Q

What are the four types of burns?

A

Electrical, thermal, chemical and laser

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6
Q

What is the single most common cause of airway blockage?

A

THe tongue

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7
Q

How do you stop bleeding?

A
  1. Apply a field dressing
  2. Apply manual pressure
  3. elevate the injured limb
  4. Apply a pressure dressing
  5. Apply a tourniquet
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8
Q

What are the 3 types of bleeding And how do you recognize them?

A

Arterial: blood is bright red and spurts with the heartbeat
Venous: blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream
Capillary: blood oozes from the wound

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9
Q

Where is a tourniquet applied?

A

Around a limb, between the injury and heart, 2-4 inches above wound and never place a tourniquet directly on a joint

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10
Q

How tight should a tourniquet be ?

A

Until the bleeding has stopped

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11
Q

What must be done to indicate the casualty has a tourniquet?

A

Mark the casualty a forehead with a “T” and note time of application

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12
Q

When should you loosen or remove the tourniquet?

A

You should never loosen or remove a tourniquet

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13
Q

Define manual pressure?

A

Firm pressure on the dressing for 5-10 mins

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14
Q

What is HIV

A

Human immunovirus

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15
Q

What should be applied if bleeding continues after you apply a field dressing?

A

Apply a pressure dressing after manual pressure and elevate the injury

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16
Q

What are the two types of artificial respiration?

A

Mouth to mouth method and back pressure-arm lift method

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17
Q

Should a casualty be given water to drink?

A

Casualties should not eat or drink

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18
Q

What are the signs of shock

A

Cool, pale, damp (clammy) skin. Confusion, nausea /vomiting. Restlessness, thirst, fast breathing, fainting spells, sweating, bluish skin around mouth and lips

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19
Q

When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position

A

When there is a head injury, abdominal wound, or un splinted fractured leg(s)

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20
Q

What is the measure for checking the tightness of bandages

A

Two fingers should slip under the bandage

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21
Q

What items should never be used as a tourniquet

A

Wire or string

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22
Q

What procedure is used to restore heart beat

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation also known as CPR

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23
Q

What is the treatment for shock

A

Move to cover if possible. Lay the casualty on their back, elevate the legs,loosen the clothing at neck, waist and feet, prevent chilling or overheating, keep them calm

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24
Q

When it scones necessary to give CPR what is the ratio of pumps to breaths for a one man rescue and a two-man rescue

A

One man : 15 pumps/2breaths

Two man: 5 pumps/1 breath

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25
Q

When may resuscitation measures be stopped?

A
  1. When a doctor tells you to stop
  2. When you are relived by others
  3. When you can’t physically continue
  4. When the casualty starts breathing on their own
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26
Q

What is the correct method of artificial respiration during an NbC attack and why?

A

The back-pressure-arm lift method because you will both be masked during an nbc attack

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27
Q

When is a casualty a clothing not removed to expose the wound

A

When the clothing is stuck to it, or during an NbC environment

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28
Q

What is unique about type “o” blood?

A

It can be used on anybody

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29
Q

Why should wounds be treated as soon as possible?

A

To control bleeding, and to protect against contamination by germs

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30
Q

What is a heat injury?

A

General dehydration of the body brought on by loss of water and salt through activity in the heat

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31
Q

What are the 3 categories of heat injuries

A

Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke

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32
Q

Describe the signs of heat cramps

A

Muscle cramps of the legs, arms or abdomen, excessive sweating

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33
Q

Describe the treatment for heat cramps

A

Move the casualty into the shade, loosen the clothing, and give cool water

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34
Q

Name the signs of heat exhaustion

A

Pale, moist cool clammy skin, headache, muscle cramps. Excessive sweating, weakness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, cramps, urge to defecate, chills, rapid breathing, confusion, tingling hands/feet

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35
Q

How should heat exhaustion be treated

A

Move the casualty to a cool, shaded area, loosen any tight clothing, have him or her drink a canteen of cool water, elevate the legs and monitor

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36
Q

Describe the signs of heat stroke

A

The person stops sweating, dry skin and hot, rapid pulse, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, mental confusion, weakness and seizures

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37
Q

How should a heat stroke be treated

A

Immerse the casualty in coldest water available. Remove clothing and wet entire body, transport to nearest medical facility

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38
Q

What are the two types of fractures

A

Open (compound) and closed (simple)

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39
Q

What is an open fracture

A

A broken bone that breaks through the skin

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40
Q

What should you be done first for an open fracture

A

Stop the bleeding

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41
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of fractures?

A

Pain at site, discoloration and deformity

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42
Q

Why is a fractured immbolilized

A

To prevent sharp edges of the bones from moving and cutting tissue, muscle, blood vessels and nerves. Doing this also reduces pain and help prevent and control shock

43
Q

What is shock and why is it dangerous

A

Shock is inadequate blood flow to vital organs and tissues, if shock is uncorrected it may result in death even though the injury or conditions causing shock appear to be less than fatal

44
Q

What is the basic proven principle in splitting fractures

A

Splint them where they lie

45
Q

What does the key word “cold” mean in cold weather protection

A

Cold stands for Clean, avoiding Overheating, wearing Loose clothing in layers, and keeping it Dry

46
Q

Name 5 types of cold weather and wet weather injuries

A

-frostbite: actual freezing of a part of body
-hypothermia: lowering of body temperature
-immersion foot/trench foot: occurs between 32 and 50 degrees
Snow blindness: pain in and around eyes

47
Q

Describe the sings and symptoms of frostbite

A

Loss of sensation or numb feeling in any part of the body
Sudden whitening of the skin in affected area, followed by a momentary tingling feeling
Redness of skin in light skinned soliders, grayish coloring in dark skinned soliders
Blisters
Swollen or tender areas
Loss of previous feeling of pain in affected area
Pale, yellow waxy looking skin

Frozen area that feels solid or wooden to the touch

48
Q

What is hypothermia

A

The body loses heat faster than it can produce it

49
Q

What are the two types of hypothermia

A

Mild and severe

50
Q

What precautions should be followed with hypothermia

A

Don’t soak the frost bitten part
Don’t rub it with snow
Don’t expose it to an extreme heat source
Don’t rub or move the frost bitten part in any way to increase circulation
Don’t allow the casualty to drink alcohol or smoke
Do not treat the seriously frostbite Parts if the casualty must walk or travel to receive further treatment

51
Q

Describe the symptoms of hypothermia

A

Casualty is cold. Shivering stops, but the body temp is low . Consciousness may be altered. Movement is uncoordinated, shock and coma may result of lowered body temperature

52
Q

What is the treatment for frostbite

A

Warm the area at the first sign of frostbite with the casualty or a buddy’s hands, underarm or abdomen.
Face ears or nose cover the area with casualty or buddy’s. Hands
Feet. Place the casualty bare feet under clothing against the body of another solider
Hands. Place them inside clothing against the body, close the clothing
Loosen or remove tight clothing and any jewelry

Cover the casualty with a blanket or another dry source

53
Q

Is a camel spider bite poisonous

A

No, camel spiders are not venomous however their bites can easily pierce human skin. If the bite is left untreated it may become infected

54
Q

What are some common diseases one could contract while performing disaster relief missions

A

Malaria, cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, hepatitis, tuberculosis, HIV

55
Q

Is there a cure for aids

A

No

56
Q

Give two distinguishing characteristics of a non-poisonous snakes

A

Oval shaped head and round pupils

57
Q

How can you identify a poisonous snake

A

Small deep pits between nostrils and eyes on each side of the head

58
Q

Name the four poisonous snakes found in the us

A

Rattlesnakes, copperhead, water moccasins, and Coral snakes

59
Q

Give two examples of pit vipers

A

Rattlesnakes, bushmasters, copperheads, fee-de-lance, Malayan pit vipers, and water moccasins

60
Q

What does PTSD stand for

A

Post traumatic stress disorder

61
Q

What is an STD

A

Sexually transmitted disease

62
Q

What does aids stand for

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

63
Q

What causes aids

A

The HIV virus

64
Q

How is poised oak, sumac or ivy treated

A
  1. Expose affected area, remove jewelry
  2. Clean area with soap and water
  3. Apply rubbing alcohol ( if available) to area
  4. Apply calamine lotion
  5. Avoid dressing the affected area
  6. Seek medical help, especially if rash is severe, on genitals or face
65
Q

Should any medical cream be put on a burn

A

No

66
Q

Should blisters be opened

A

They should be protected and allowed to drain nAurally unless it is in an area where friction is going to cause it to break open

67
Q

How should blisters be treated

A
  1. Wash area with soap and water
  2. Sterilize needle
  3. Open blister by sticking it at the lower edges
  4. Drain the blister by pressing it and removing the fluid with a clean cloth
  5. Apply a bandage
68
Q

How are open blisters treated

A

Clean with soap and water , apply bandage

69
Q

What are the skin reactions to poison oak, ivy or sumac

A

Redness, swelling, itching, rashes, or blisters.

Secondary infection may occur when blisters break, burning sensation , general headaches and fever

70
Q

Can all snakes swim

A

Yes all species of snakes can swim

71
Q

When are snakes most active

A

During the period from twilight to daylight

72
Q

What is the best position for a casualty with a stomach wound

A

On his back with knees flexed

73
Q

What is the first aid for bee stings

A
  1. Remove stinger with knife or fingernail
    Don’t squeeze the vermin sac on the stinger
  2. Wash the area
  3. Apply ice or freeze pack if available
  4. If symptoms of allergic reaction occur be prepared to preform basic life saving measures and seek medical aid immediately
74
Q

If you found a casualty with a hole in his or her chest what would be the first thing to do

A

Check the back for an exit wound

75
Q

What is an indication of a sucking chest wound

A

Frothy fluid bursting with each breath

76
Q

Would you elevate the legs if there was a head injury

A

No

77
Q

Should large amounts of water be given to a burn victim

A

No, 1 quart per hour is sufficient

78
Q

What is self aid

A

Emergency treatment applied by oneself

79
Q

What are the 4 life saving steps

A
  1. Clear the airway
  2. Stop the bleeding
  3. Protect the wound
  4. Treat for shock
80
Q

What is the first aid given for snake bites

A

Do not attempt to cut open or suck the venom out of the bite, if the venom should seep through any damaged or lacerated tissues you could lose consciousness or die
Bite in arm or leg. Place a constricting band one or two finger widths above and below the bite, band should be tight but not cut off circulation, if there is swelling move the bands to the edges of the swelling
Keep the injured area below the level of the heart

Keep the casualty immobile and quiet
If possible wash the area with soap and water do not use any ointments
Never give the casualty food, alcohol, coffee, tea drugs or tobacco.
Remove all jewelry and watches from affected limb
Identify the snake of kill it for identification
Seek medical attention

81
Q

What is the most common condition which requires first aid assistance

A

An open wound

82
Q

How would you treat a sucking chest wound

A

Cover the area with plastic to stop air flow. Bandage the wound and lay the casualty o. The wound if possible or have the person sit up

83
Q

How much water should be given to a person with an abdominal wound

A

None

84
Q

What is the best one man carry that can be used for transporting a casualty long distance

A

The pistol belt carry

85
Q

Describe the three degrees of burns

A

1st- reddening of skin
2nd- blistering
3rd- charred flesh

86
Q

What is the most important thing to do in case of serious burns

A

Keep the burn clean and apply a dry sterile dressing

87
Q

What is snow blindness

A

The effect of glare from a nice field or snow field has on the eyes

88
Q

Will snow blindness only occur when the sun is shining

A

No it can occur during cloudy weather also

89
Q

Is snow blindness permanent

A

No the condition usually heals In a few days without permanent damage

90
Q

How should snow blindness be treated

A

Blindfolding or covering both eyes with dark cloth which stops the eye movement, rest, protect from further exposure to light. Seek medical care

91
Q

What are the symptoms of snow blindness

A

A sensation of grit or sand in the eyes, pain in and over the eyes which feels worse when the eyeball moves, watering, redness, headache, pain on exposure to light

92
Q

What is the treatment for hypothermia

A

Immediately reward body evenly with heat source
Keep them dry and protect from elements
Warm liquids gradually given if their conscious
Be prepared to start basic life support measures
Seek medical treatment immediatley. It’s a medical emergency that needs to be treated as soon as possible.

93
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of immersion foot

A

Affected parts cold numb and painless. Then parts become hot with blistering and shooting pains, in advanced stages the skin is pale signs bluish tint, pulse decreases, blistering swelling, heat, hemorrhage so and gangrene may follow

94
Q

How is trench foot/ immersion foot acquired

A

It results from fairly long exposure of the feet to cold and wet (50-32 degrees Fahrenheit)
Inactive feet in damp or wet socks or boots or tightly laced boots which impair circulation

95
Q

How is trench foot/ immersion for treated

A 
Reward in just gradually by exposing it to warm air
Do not massage it
Do not moisten the skin
Do not apply heat or ice
Protect area from further trauma 
Keep injury dry, avoid walking
Seek medical treatment
96
Q

What are the symptoms of chilblain

A

The affected areas red, swollen, hot, tender and itchy. Continue exposure will lead to blisters or bleeding lessions

97
Q

Describe the treatment for chilblain

A

The affected are usually responds to locally applied rewarding with body heat, don’t rub or massage the area

98
Q

Name 4 of the 9 line medevac request

A
  1. Location of pick up site
  2. Radio frequency, call sign and suffix
  3. Number of patients by precedence
    - a: urgent
    - b: urgent special
    - c: priority
    - d: routine
    - e: connivence
  4. Special equipment required
  5. number of patients
  6. Security at pick up site
  7. Method of marking pick up site
  8. Patient nationality and status
  9. NBC contamination
99
Q

Is a camel bite poisonous

A

No. Camel spiders are not venomous. Bower their bites can easily penetrate the skin and if let untreated can become infected

100
Q

What are some of the common diseases one could contract when performing dis eastern relief missions?

A

Malaria, cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, hepatitis, tuberculosis, HIV

101
Q

How is poison oak, poison sumac, or poison ivy treated?

A
  1. Expose affected area and remove clothing and jewelry
  2. Clean area with soap and water
  3. Apply rubbing alcohol (if available) to the affected area
  4. Apply calamine lotion
  5. Avoid dressing the affected area
  6. Seek medical help, especially if the rash is severe or on the face or genitals
102
Q

What are the symptoms of skin reactions to poison ivy, poison sumac, or poison oak?

A

Redness, swelling, itching, rashes, or blisters.
Secondary infection may occur when blisters break
Burning sensation, general headaches and fever

103
Q

How are open blisters treated

A
  1. Cleanse area with soap and water

2. Apply a bandage

104
Q

Should any medication or cream be put on a burn

A

No

105
Q

Should unbroken blisters be opened?

A

They should be protected and allowed to drain naturally unless in an area of friction is going to cause it to break open

106
Q

How should blisters be treated

A
  1. Wash area with soap and water
  2. Sterilize a needle
  3. Open blister by sticking it at the lower edge
  4. Drain blister by pressing it and removing the fluid with a clean cloth or gauze
  5. Apply a bandage

Army Board (7 decks)

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