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Army Board > Map Reading and Land Navigation > Flashcards

Map Reading and Land Navigation Flashcards

0
Q

what’s a map?

A

a graphic representation of the Earth’s surface, drawn to scale as seen from above

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1
Q

what document covers map reading and land navigation?

A

TC 3-25.26

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2
Q

what’s the purpose of a map?

A

to provide accurate information about the existence, location and distance between ground features like terrain, elevation, populated areas, routes of travel and communication

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3
Q

what is the scale of a map?

A

the ratio of ground distance to map distance and expressed in a fraction

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4
Q

how many map scales are there and what are the names?

A

there are 3 map scales, planimetric map, photomap, terrain model

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5
Q

what is marginal information?

A

instructions about the maps use, size, area

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6
Q

where is the map sheet name found?

A

two places: the center of the upper margin and either the right or left of the lower margin

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7
Q

what is a topographic map?

A

a map that portrays the layout of terrain features, as well as relief, or the vertical distance of the feature . (distance from sea level)

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8
Q

what is a photomap?

A

an aerial photomap of a portion of the Earth’s surface on which grid lines, place names and approximate scale and direction have been added.

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9
Q

what is a planimetric map?

A

a map that only shows the horizontal positions of features. it differs from a topographic map in that it omits relief, usually represented by contour lines.

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10
Q

what is a map usually named after?

A

The most prominent geographical or cultural feature. Whenever possible it is named after the largest city on the map

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11
Q

where is the declination diagram found?

A

It’s located in the lower margin of large-scale maps

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12
Q

where is a map sheet number found?

A

In two places: the upper right and lower left margins

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13
Q

Where is the map series name found?

A

It’s found in the upper left margin

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14
Q

What is a declination diagram?

A

It shows the angular relationships of true north, grid north, and magnetic north

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15
Q

where is the series number found?

A

the upper right and lower left margins

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16
Q

Where is the scale of the map found?

A

In the upper left margin after the series name and in the lower margin at the center

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17
Q

Where is the edition number of a map found?

A

The upper margin and in the lower left margin, It represents the age of the map- the higher the number the more recent the edition of the map. the initials, or the abbreviation after the edition number indicates who made the map

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18
Q

Where are the bar scales of a map located?

A

In the center of the lower margin

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19
Q

What is a bar scale?

A

A ruler used to convert map distance to ground distance

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20
Q

What are the usual three units of measure in a bar scale?

A

They are eters, statute miles, nautical miles

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21
Q

Where is the contour interval note found?

A

Usually below the bar scales in the middle of the lower margin

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22
Q

Where is the legend of a map found?

A

in the lower left margin

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23
Q

What is a contour interval?

A

The vertical distance of the space between the contour lines. In more recent maps that distance or space is given in meters instead of feet

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24
Q

What is in a map legend?

A

the symbols that represent topographic features. the symbols are not always the same

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25
Q

how many colors does a map usually have?

A

five

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26
Q

What are the colors on a map?

A

black, blue, green , brown, red (reddish brown if the map is readable by red light)

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27
Q

What does the color black represent on a map?

A

man-made features like buildings and roads

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28
Q

what does the color blue represent on a map?

A

water features, like lakes, swamps, rivers and drainage

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29
Q

what does the color green represent on a map?

A

vegetation with military significance such as woods, orchards, or vineyards

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30
Q

what does the color brown represent on a map?

A

all relief features and elevation, as well as contour lines on older maps

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31
Q

what is longitude?

A

a measure of distance east or west of the prime meridian

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32
Q

in what city is the prime meridian?

A

Greenwhich, England

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33
Q

in which direction are the lines of longitude drawn on a map?

A

North and South

34
Q

lines of longitude are also known as what?

A

Meridians

35
Q

how close will you get to a location with an 8 digit grid coordinate

A

within 10 meters

36
Q

What information is used to make a map useful?

A

marginal data (information in the margins)

37
Q

What is the difference between an aerial photograph and a photomap?

A

a photomap is a reproduction of an aerial photograph on which grid lines, marginal data, place names, and other important data have been added-much like a topographic map

38
Q

what is a map overlay and what is on it?

A

a sheet of clear plastic or transparent paper with information plotted on it at the same scale as the map or ariel photograph

39
Q

what is a map overlay used for?

A

shows current information about friendly and enemy troop positions as well as any other pertinent data a leader may need to know about a certain area. for instance-land mines, communication lines, obstacles

40
Q

what is latitude

A

the measure of distance north or south of the equator

41
Q

what is the starting point for latitude?

A

the equator

42
Q

lines of latitude are also known as what?

A

parallels, because they run parallel to the equator

43
Q

what type of map system does the u.s military use

A

The universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid

44
Q

What portion of the world is a UTM map designed for?

A

That part of the world between lat 84 degrees north and lat 80 degrees south

45
Q

What is a basic rule for finding coordinates on a map?

A

Beginning from the left handed-corner, read right and up

46
Q

what is an azimuth?

A

it is a direction-a horizontal angle which is measured in degrees or mils from the North

47
Q

what is a back azimuth?

A

an azimuth that is 180 degrees in reverse of a given azimuth

48
Q

how is a back azimuth found?

A

if the given azimuth is 180 degrees or less- add 180 degrees. if the azimuth is 180 degrees or more-subtract 180 degrees

49
Q

what is resection?

A

finding your unknown position by using the back azimuth of two known points. draw lines from the known points. where they intersect is your location. remember to convert all magnetic azimuths to grid azimuths

50
Q

name 3 types of contour lines

A

index, intermediate and supplementary

51
Q

where do intermediate contour lines fall?

A

they fall between the index lines, are finer and not numered

52
Q

describe supplementary lines

A

resemble dashes, they show sudden changes in elevation of at least half the contour interval

53
Q

how is water flow determined on a map?

A

contour lines will form a “v” which point upstream

54
Q

How are valleys and draws shown on a map?

A

by “u” or “v” shaped contour lines

55
Q

How does an index contour line differ from other types of contour lines?

A

index lines are heavier, have an elevation number at some point along the line, and occur every 5th line

56
Q

what is intersection?

A

finding an unknown point by shooting an azimuth to it from two known points. the location is where the lines of azimuth intersect. remember to convert the magnetic azimuths to grid azimuths

57
Q

name the five major terrain features of a map?

A

hill, ridge, valley, saddle, depression

58
Q

what are the minor terrain features?

A

draw, spur, cliff, cut and fill

59
Q

what branch of the army uses mils?

A

the artillery

60
Q

an artillery compass is also known as what type of compass?

A

an M-2 compass

61
Q

how many degrees on a compass?

A

360

62
Q

name some types of compasses?

A

lensatic, artillery, wrist/pocket and protractor

63
Q

what are the two most common compasses used by the army?

A

the lensatic and artillery compasses

64
Q

how many scales are on the lensatic compass?

A

two. one scale is in degrees and the other in mils

65
Q

how many mils are on a compass?

A

6400

66
Q

name the three parts of a compass?

A

the three main parts are the base,cover, lens. Also there is a sighting wire, graduated straight edge, bezel ring, floating dial, thumb loop, rear sight (lens), sighting loop, luminous magnetic arrow, short luminous line, fixed black index line, luminous sighting dots

67
Q

what is the bezel ring and how is it used?

A

it is a ratchet device that clicks when turned. It will click 120 times when fully rotated, and each click is equal to 3 degrees!

68
Q

why does a bezel click?

A

it was designed as an aid to determine degrees during nighttime use

69
Q

what is a bench mark?

A

a surveyors sign which indicates elevation

70
Q

what are the two methods for holding a compass?

A

the centerfold technique and the compass to cheek technique

71
Q

what affects the performance of a compass?

A

metal objects and sources of electricity

72
Q

name two characteristics of a lensatic compass that allow it to be used at night?

A

the luminous sighting dots, luminous magnetic arrow, short luminous line, the click of the bezel ring, and a luminous E and W

73
Q

define magnetic declination?

A

the variation of the true North from The magnetic North. the declination diagram at the bottom margin of the map

74
Q

how would you hold a lensatic compass?

A

level and firm -away from any electricity or metal objects such as weapons

75
Q

describe the fastest way to orient a map?

A

place a compass on a map and align it with the grid lines insuring that the compass needle points north

76
Q

how would you orient a map without a compass?

A

by aligning it with the observable terrain features

77
Q

name the quadrants of a map

A

northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest

78
Q

what three elements are necessary for dead reckoning in land navigation

A

known starting point, known distance and known azimuth

79
Q

what is a “flot”?

A

that is the abbreviation for “forward line of own troops.”

80
Q

what colors are used in a map overlay, and what do they mean?

A 
black= boundaries
blue= friendly forces
red= enemy forces
yellow= contaminated are, friendly or enemy
green= engineer obstacles, friendly or enemy
81
Q

when colors are not used what symbol is used for enemy forces?

A

double lines

82
Q

what size unit is indicated by three dots?

A

a platoon or detachment

Army Board (7 decks)

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