first aid mnemonics Flashcards
(197 cards)
1
Q
heterochromatin
A
HeteroChromatin = Highly Condensed
2
Q
DNA hypermethylation
A
Methylation makes dna Mute
3
Q
histone acetylation
A
Acetylation makes dna Active
4
Q
rRNA, mRNA, tRNA
A
R: rampant, M: massive, T: tiny
5
Q
nucleotide vs. nucleoside
A
nucleoSide = base + Sugar. nucleoTide = base + sugar + phosphaTe.
6
Q
mRNA subunits for euk and prok
A
Euk: even, 40s+60s=80s. prOk: odd, 30s+50s=70s.
7
Q
Energy used by tRNA
A
Atp: Activation. Gtp: Gripping and Going (translocation)
8
Q
Types of collagen
A
Be So Totally Cool Read Books. type I: Bone, Skin, Tendon (dentin, fascia, cornea, late wound repair). type II: Cartilage (vitreous body, nucleus pulposus). type III: Reticulin - skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue. type IV: Basement membrane.
9
Q
Type III collagen disorder
A
thrEe D: Ehlers-Danlos
10
Q
Blotting procedures
A
SNoW DRoP. Southern: DNA. Northern: RNA. Western: Protein.
11
Q
Prader-Willi vs. Angelman’s syndrome
A
Prader-willi: Paternal. angelMan: Maternal.
12
Q
X-linked recessive disorders
A
Be Wise, Fool’s GOLD Heeds Silly Hope. Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-aldrich syndrome, Fabry’s disease, G6pd deficiency, Ocular albinism, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Duchenne’s (and becker’s) muscular dystrophy, Hunter’s Syndrome, Hemophilia a and b.
13
Q
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
A
Duchenne’s: Deleted Dystrophin.
14
Q
Fragile X syndrome symptoms
A
fragile X: eXtra large testes, jaw, ears.
15
Q
Trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders
A
X-Girlfriend’s First Aid Helped Ace My Test
16
Q
Autosomal Trisomy Chromosome
A
Down: Drinking age (21). Edwards: Election age (18). Patau’s: Puberty (13)
17
Q
Cri-du-chat syndome symptoms
A
Cri du chat = cry of the cat
18
Q
22q11 deletion syndromes
A
CATCH-22: Cleft palate/lip, Abnormal facies. Thymic aplasia (low T cells), Cardiac defects, Hypocalcemia (secondary to parathyroid aplasia)
19
Q
Vit B1 cofactor for these reactions
A
all reqired for ATP synthesis, Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, Transketolase, Pyruvate dehydrogenase
20
Q
Vit B2 def symptoms
A
two Cs. Cheilosis, Corneal vascularization.
21
Q
Vit B3 def symptoms
A
3 Ds + glossitis. Dermatitis, Dementia, Diarrhea (also 3 Ds of pellegra)
22
Q
Folic acid source
A
FOLic acid from FOLiage.
23
Q
Biotin def caused by
A
AVIDin in egg whites AVIDly binds biotin
24
Q
Vit C def symptoms
A
vit C def causes sCurvy due to Collagen synthesis defect.
25
Vit E def symptoms
E for Erythrocyte, inc fragility of erythrocytes resulting in hemolytic anemia.
26
Vit K def symptoms
K for Koagulation. necessary for clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, prot C and S.
27
metabolism site in both mitochondria and cytoplasm
HUGs take TWO. Heme synthesis, Urea cycle, Gluconeogensis.
28
Kwashiorkor symptoms
MEAL: Malnutrition, Edema, Anemia, Liver (fatty)
29
Marasmus symptoms
Marasmus results in Muscle wasting
30
Krebs cycle substrates
Citrate Is Kreb's Starting Substrate For Making Oxaloacetate: Citrate, Isocitrate, alpha-Ketoglutarate, Succinyl, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate.
31
Gluconeogenesis irreversible enzymes
Pathway Produces Fresh Glucose: Pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase, Fructose 1,6, bisphosphatase, Glucose 6 phosphatase.
32
disorders of fructose and galactose metabolism
FAB GUT: Fructose is to Aldose B as Galactose is to UridylTransferase
33
Glucogenic, Glucogenic/ketogenic, Ketogenic amino acids.
gluco: Val Argues His Methods. gluco/keto: Pheasants TTTurn Ill. keto: Leu/Lys
34
Urea cycle substrates
Ordinarily Careless Crappers Are Also Frivolous About Urinating: Ornithine, Carbamyl phosphate, Citrulline, Asparatate, Arginosuccinate, Fumarate, Arginine, Urea
35
Maple syrup urine disease
I Love Vermont maple syrup from branched maple trees (branched amino acids Ile, Leu, Val)
36
Glycogen storage diseases
Very Poor Carbohydrate Metabolism: Von gierke's, Pompe's, Cori's, Mcardle's.
37
HDL vs. LDL
HDL: Healthy, LDL: Lousy
38
insulin effect on potassium
INsulin shifts K INto cells
39
fluid compartments
60-40-20. 15-5. 60% of body mass is water, 40% of body mass (so 66% of the water) is ICF, 20% of body mass (33% of water) is ECF, 15% of body mass (75% of ECF) is intracellular fluid, 5% of body mass (25% of ECF) is plasma.
40
acetazolamide effect
ACIDazolamide causes ACIDosis.
41
loop diuretic toxicity
OH DANG: Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia, Dehydration, Allergy (sulfa), Nephritis (interstitial), Gout
42
hydrochorothiazide toxicity
hyperGLUC: hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, hyperCalcemia. also hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hyponatremia.
43
K-sparing diuretics
K STAy: Spiranolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride.
44
ACE Inhibitor toxicity
CApTOPRIL: Cough, Angioedema, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy prob, Rash, Inc renin, Lower ATII. also hyperkalemia. avoid with bilat renal artery stenosis.
45
bugs that don't stain well on gram stain
These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color. Trepomona, Rickettsia, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia
46
obligate aerobes
Nagging Pests Must Breath. Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus
47
obligate anaerobes
Can't Breath Air. Closteridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces
48
obligate intracellular bugs
Really Cold. Rickettsia, Clamydia
49
facultative intracellular bugs
Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY. Samonella, Neiserria, Brucella, Mycobacteria, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yesinia pestis.
50
encapsulated bac
SHiN SKiS. Strep pneumo, Haemophilus influenza B, Neisseria, Salmonella, Klebseilla, Strep group B.
51
catalase positive bugs
SSPLCE for your cat. Staph, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Listeria, Candida, E. coli.
52
urease positive bugs
PUNCH-KSS. Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Cryptococcus, H. pylori, Klebsiella, Staph aureus, Staph epi.
53
what color pigment does actinomyces israelii produce?
Israel has yellow sand.
54
genes for bacterial toxins encoded in lysogenic phage
ABCDE. shigA-like toxin, Botulinum toxin, Cholera toxin, Diphtheria toxin, Erythrogenic toxin of strep pyogenes.
55
what staph are sensitive to novobiocin?
NO StRESs. NOvobiocin, Saprophyticus Resistant, Epidermidis Sensitive.
56
what strep is sensitive to optochin?
OVRPS. Optochin, Viridans Resistant, Pneumoniae Sensitive.
57
what strep is sensitive to bacitracin?
B-BRAS. Bacitracin, group B Resistant, group A Sensitive.
58
what can strep throat lead to?
PHaryngitis can result in rheumatic PHever and glomerulonePHritis
59
symptoms of rheumatoid fever
no rheum for SPECCulation. subcutaneous plaques, polyarthritis, erythema marginatum, chorea, carditis.
60
symptoms of strep pneumo
S. pneumo MOPS are Most OPtochin Sensitive. Meningitis, Otitis media in children, Pneumonia, Sinusitis.
61
streptococcus bovis
strep group D. bovis (like bovine) has 4 stomachs, causes bacteremia and subacute endocarditis in colon cancer patients.
62
Corynebacterium diptheriae
ABCDEFG. ADP ribosylation (of ef2), Beta-prophage (encodes exotoxin), Corynebacterium, Diptheria, Elongation Factor 2, Granules (metachromatic blue/red granules on gram stain).
63
where can you get botulinum toxin?
BOTulinum comes from bad BOTtles of food and honey.
64
treatment for actinomyces and nocardia
SNAP, Sulfa for Nocardia and Actinomyces use Penecillin
65
which bac ferments lactose?
lactose is KEE, test with macConKEE'S agar. Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E coli, Enterobacter, Serratia,
66
how to differentiate between the neisserias?
MeninGococci ferment Maltose and Glucose, Gonococci only Glucose.
67
what does haemophilus influenzae cause?
haEMOPhilus causes Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia.
68
how to culture haemophilus influenza?
when get sick, mom buys chocolate for $5.10. Chocolate agar with factors V and X.
69
symptoms of pseudomonas
BE PSEUDO. Burns, Endocarditis, Pneumonia, Sepsis, External otitis media, Uti, Diabetic Osteomyelitis. also hot tub folliculitis
70
different stains of E. coli
eIec: Invasive, dysentery. eTec: traveler's diarrhea (watery). ePec: pediatric (flattens villi and prevents absorption). eHec: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure).
71
symptoms of klebsiella
4 As. Aspiration pneumonia (which cause) Abscess in liver/lungs (in) Alcoholics (and) diAbetics. also get nosicomial UTI and cough up red jelly like sputum.
72
how to distinguish campylobacter jejuni and vibrio cholera in lab.
both are comma shaped, oxidase positive. CAMPylobacter likes hot CAMPfire and grows at 42C. vibrio cholera grows in alkaline media.
73
different spirochetes
BLT. Borrelia (which is Big), Leptospira, Treponema.
74
symptoms of lyme disease
BAKE a key LYME pie. Bell's palsy (bilat), Arthritis, Kardiac block, Erythema migrans.
75
test for syphilis
screen with VDRL (false positive with Viruses: mono, hep, Drugs, Rheumatic fever, Lupus/Leprosy), confirm with FTA-ABS
76
gardnerella vaginalis symptoms
i don't have a CLUE why it smells FISHY in the VAGINA GARDEN.
77
rickettsial symptoms
Rickettsia on the wRists, Typhus on the Trunk. triad: headache, fever, rash.
78
Q fever symptoms
Q fever Queer b/c no rash, no arthropod vector, neg weil-felix. presents as pneumonia.
79
palm and sole rash causes
drive CARS with palms and soles. Coxsackievirus A (hand foot and mouth disease), Rocky mountain spotted fever, Syphilis.
80
chlamydia trachomatis serotypes
A, B, C = Africa/Blindness/Chronic infection. D-K everything else. L1, L2, L3 = Lymphogranuloma venereum.
81
systemic mycoses characteristics
Histoplasmosis: Histo Hides (within macrophages). Blastomycosis: Blasto Buds. Coccidioidomycosis: Coccidio Crowds. Paracoccicioidomycosis: Paracoccidio Parasails with captain's wheel all the way to Latin America.
82
Aspergillus fumigatus
Always Angles in Aspergillus
83
Onchocerca volvulus
Blackflies, Black skin nodules, Black sight. IVERmectin for rIVER blindness.
84
nematode routes of infection
EATing. stepping in SANd. EAT: Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella. SANd: Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator.
85
live virus vaccines
LIVE! see SMALL YELLOW CHICKENS get vaccinated with SABIN'S MMR.
86
dead virus vaccines
salK = Killed. RIP Always. Rabies, Influenza, salk Polio, hAv.
87
+ strand RNA viruses
old Calciferous emperor Pico with his Toga and his Crown (Corona) is eating Flavorful grapes out of his Retrobowl.
88
- strand RNA viruses
Old Pete's Rabid dog Filo is fighting paul Bunyan in the Area.
89
naked viruses
naked CPR and PAPP smears. CPR: Calcivirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus. PAPP: Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Papilloma, Polyma.
90
DNA viruses
HHAPPPPy: Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papilloma, Polyoma.
91
polyomavirus symptoms
JC and BK viruses. JC: Junky Cerebrum, BK: Bad Kidney
92
HSV identification
Tzanck heavens I do not have herpes.
93
different picornaviruses
PERCH: Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxackie, HAV.
94
different paramyxoviruses
PaRaMyxo: Parainfluenza, Rsv, Rubeola, Mumps.
95
segmented viruses
BOAR: Bunya, Orthomyxo, Arena, Reo.
96
causes of pneumonia in children 4-18yrs
Runts May Cough Sputum: RSV, Mycoplasma, Chlaymida trachomatis, Strep pneumo.
97
infections passed on from mother to fetus
ToRCHeS: Toxoplasma condii, Rubella, Cmv, Hiv, Hsv-2, Syphilis.
98
antibacterial used for staph
naf for staph
99
clinical use for aminopenicillins
aminopenicillins HELPSS enterococci: Haemophilus influenzae, E coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, eneterococci
100
antipseudomonal penicillins
Takes Care of Pseudo: Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin.
101
beta-lactamase inhibitors
CAST: Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam.
102
clinical use for 1st gen cephalosporins
PEcK: Proteus mirabilis, E coli, Klebsiella pneumo.
103
clinical use for 2nd gen cephalosporins
HEN PEcKS: Haemophilus influenza, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Proteus mirabilis, E coli, Klebsiella, Serratia.
104
aminoglycoside antibiotics
"mean" GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes. Gentomicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin.
105
side effects of trimethoprim
TMP: Treats Marrow Poorly. megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia.
106
side effects of fluoroquinolones
fluoroquinoLONES hurts attachments to your BONES.
107
clinical uses for metronidazole
GET GAP on the Metro. Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichamonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes, h Pylori. good for anaerobic infection below diaphragm, clindamycin for anaerobe above diaphragm.
108
drugs for M. tuberculosis
RIPE: Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol.
109
side effect of INH
INH: Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes.
110
rifampin characteristics
4 Rs. RNA pol inhibitor, Revs up p450, Red/orange body fluid, Rapid resistance if used alone.
111
amantadine mechanism
a man 2 dine takes off his coat. (blocks viral uncoating)
112
foscarnet mechanism
FOScarnet = pyroFOSphate analogue. viral DNA pol inhibitor.
113
protease inhibitors
NAVIR (never) TEASE a proTEASE. drugs that end in -navir are protease inhibitors for HIV HAART.
114
antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy
Countless SAFe Moms Take Really Good Care: Clarithromycin (embryotoxic), Sulfonamides (kericterus), Aminoglycosides (ototoxicity), Fluoroquinolones (cartilage damage), Metronidazole (mutagenesis), Tetracyclines (discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth), Ribavirin (teratogenic), Griseofulvin (teratogenic), Chloramphenicol (gray baby)
115
sites of immune cell maturation
T cell: thymus, B cell: bone marrow.
116
HLA B27 associated disease
PAIR: Psoriasis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Reiter's syndrome.
117
classic immune pathway mediators
GM makes CLASSIC cars. IgG and IgM.
118
C3b function
C3B Binds Bacteria
119
C3a, C5a function
C3A and C5A cause Anaphylaxis
120
interleukine functions
IL1-5 = Hot T-Bone stEAk. IL-1: fever (hot), IL-2: stim T cells, IL-3: stim Bone marrow, IL-4: stim IgE, IL-5: stim IgA.
121
IL-8 function
clean up on AISLE 8: neutrophils recruited by IL-8 to clear infection
122
Type I hypersensitivity
First and Fast (anaphylaxis)
123
Type II hypersensitivity
cy-2-toxic. antibody bind onto fixed antigen on cell and lyse.
124
Type III hypersensitivity
3 things stuck together: antigen-antibody-complement.
125
Type IV hypersensitivity
4th and last, delayed. 4Ts: T lymphocytes, Transplant rejections, Tb skin tests, Touching (contact dermatitis).
126
hypersensitivity reactions
ACID: Anaphalactic/Atopic, Cytotoxic, Immune, Delayed.
127
bacterial products
CILK: C5a, IL-8, LTB4, Kallikrein
128
amyloidosis types
aL = Light chain (bence jones), aA = Acute-phase reactant (seocndary), aF = old Fogies (senile cardiac), aE = endocrine (T2DM), a-CAL = CALcitonin (medullary carcinoma of thyroid)
129
DPC gene
tumor suppressor gene, Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer
130
DCC gene
tumor suppressor gene, Deleted in Colon Cancer
131
TRAP marker
TRAP the HAIRY animal. tumor marker for Hairy cell leukemia.
132
beta-hCG marker
HCG. tumor marker for Hydatiform moles, Choriocarcinomas, Gestational trophoblastic tumors.
133
psammoma bodies
calcific spherules seen in PSaMMoma. Papillary (thyroid): papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid, Serous (ovary): serious papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary, Meningioma, Mesothelioma.
134
hydralazine
hydrAlAzine, dec Afterload, Arterial vasodilator.
135
right to left shunts
causes early cyanosis, blue babies. 5 Ts, Teratology (of Fallot), Transposition (of the great vessels), Truncus (arteriosus), Tricuspid (atresia), Total (anomalous pulmonary venous return).
136
teratology of fallot
PROVe. P: Pulmonary stenosis, R: Rvh, O: Overarching aorta, V: Vsd.
137
coarctation of aorta location
INfanfile: IN close to heart. aDult: Distal to Ductus.
138
maintain and close patent ductus arteriosus
ENDomethacin (indomethacin) ENDS patency of PDA, pgE kEEps it open.
139
causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
ABCCCD: Alcohol abuse, wet Beriberi, Coxsackie B, chronic Cocaine use, Chaga's disease, Doxorubicin toxicity. also Hemochromatosis and peripartum cardiomyopathy.
140
bacteria endocarditis symptoms
FROM JANE: Fever, Roth's spots, Osler's nodes, Mumur, Janeway lesions, Anemia, Nail-bed hemorrhage, Emboli.
141
site of bacterial endocarditis
mitral valve usually but don't tri drugs (tricuspid affected in IV drug users)
142
rheumatic fever symptoms
FEVERSS: Fever, Erythema marginatum, Valvular damage (vegetation/fibrosis), ESR inc, Red-hot joints (migratory polyarthritis), Subcutaneous nodules, St. vitus' dance (chorea)
143
which Ca blockers affect heart more?
Verapamil = Ventricle
144
class Ia antiarrythmics
Queen Diso Proclaims. Quinidine, Disopyramide, Procainamide.
145
class Ib antiarrythmics
I'd Buy LIDy's MEXIcan Tacos. IB: LIDocaine, MEXIletine, Tocainide. IB is Best post-MI
146
class Ic antiarrythmics
IC is Contraindicated post MI.
147
class III antiarrythmics
K IS BAD: K blockers, Ibutilide, Sotalol, Bretylium, Amiodarone, Dofetilide.
148
layers of adrenal cortex
GFR: the deeper you go, the sweeter it gets. Salt (aldosterone), sugar (glucocorticoids), sex (androgens)
149
pituitary gland hormones
FLAT PiG: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, ProlactIn, GH
150
Basophils vs acidophils
B-FLAT: Basophils - Fsh, Lh, Acth, Tsh. Acidophils: GH, Prolactin
151
cells that don't need insulin for glucose uptake
BRICK L: Brain, Rbcs, Intestine, Cornea, Kidney, Liver.
152
effects of cortisol
cortisol is BBIIG: Bp maintenance, dec Bone formation, anti-Inflammatory, inc Insulin resistance, inc Gluconeogensis/lipolysis/proteolysis.
153
effects of PTH
PTH: Phosphate Trashing Hormone
154
effects of calcitonin
calciTONin TONes down Ca levels.
155
hormones that use cAMP signaling
FLAT CHAMP: Fsh, Lh, Acth, Tsh, Crh, Hcg, Adh (v2), Msh, Pth, calcitonin, gnrh, glucagon
156
hormones that use IP3 signaling
GOAT: Gnrh, Oxytocin, Adh (v1), Trh, histamine (h1), angiotensin II, gastrin.
157
hormones that use cytosolic steroid receptor
VET CAP: Vit d, Estrogen, Testosterone, Cortisol, Aldosterone, Progesterone
158
hormones that use receptor associated tyrosine kinase
PiG: Prolactin, Gh, and cytokines.
159
T3 functions
4 Bs: Brain maturation, Bone growth, Beta adrenergic effects, BMR inc (basal metab rate)
160
addison's disease
ADDison's = -[Cushing's + Conn's]. Adrenal Atrophy and Absence of hormone production, involves All 3 cortical divisions.
161
pheochromocytoma symptoms
5 Ps: Pressure (elevated bp), Pain (headache), Perspiration, Palpitations (tachycardia), Pallor
162
hyperparathyroidism symptoms
stones, bones and groans: renal stones, bone pain, constipation (groans).
163
MEN symptoms
MEN 1 = 3 P's - Pituitary, Parathyroid, Pancreas. MEN 2a = 2 P's - Parathyroids, pheochromocytoma. MEN 2b = 1 P - Pheochromocytoma (also oral/intestinal ganglioneuromatosis). (also MEN 2a/2b get medullary thyroid carcinoma)
164
retroperitoneal structures
SAD PUCKER: Suprarenal gland, Aorta (and ivc), Duodenum (2nd, 3rd 4th parts), Pancrease (except tail), Ureters, Colon (descending and ascending), Kidneys, Esophagus (lower 2/3), rectum (upper 2/3).
165
nerves in gut wall
Submucosa includes Submucosal nerve plexus. Muscularis external includes Myenteric nerve plexus.
166
femoral region organization
NAVL: Nerve, Artery, Vein, Lymphatics
167
indirect inguinal hernia
goes INternal (deep) inguinal ring, external inguinal ring, INto scrotum. occurs in INfants.
168
direct vs. indirect hernia.
MDs don't LIe: Medial to inf epigastric artery: Direct hernia. Lateral to inf epigastric artery: indirect hernia.
169
Boerhaave syndrome
BoerHaave Syndrome: Been-Heaving Syndrome. transmural esophageal rupture due to violent retching.
170
malabsorption syndromes
These Will Cause Devastating Absorption Problems: Tropical sprue, Whipple's disease, Celiac sprue, Disaccharidase def, Abeta-lipoproteinemia, Pancreatic insufficiency.
171
Whipple's disease syndrome
Foamy Whipped cream in a CAN. Foamy macrophages, C: cardiac symptoms, A: arthralgias, N: neurologic symptoms
172
acute gastritis types
burned by Curling iron (curling's ulcer can be caused by burns from acid due to dec plasma volume leading to sloughing of gastric mucosa), always Cushion the brain (cushing's ulcer due to brain injury, inc vagal stimulation inc ACh inc H+ production)
173
chronic gastritis types
AB, BA: Autoimmune characterized by autoantibodies to parietal cells, pernicious anemia, achlorhydria affects gastric Body (type A). H. pylori Bacterium affects Antrum (type B)
174
peptic ulcer disease
Gastric ulcer: pain Greater with meals. Duodenal ulcer: pain Decreases with meals.
175
Crohn's disease
FAT (creeping fat) GRANny (noncaseating granulomas) and an old CRONE SKIPPING (skip lesions) down a COBBLESTONE (cobblestone mucosa) road away from the WRECK (rectal sparing)
176
Meckel's diverticulum characteristics
the five 2's. 2 inches long, 2 feet from ileocecal valve, 2% of population, presents in first 2 years of life. may have 2 types of epithelia (gastric/pancreatic).
177
Turcot's syndrome
TURcot = TURban. FAP + malignant CNS tumor
178
alcoholic hepatitis lab values
make a toAST with alcohol. inc AST > ALT in alcohol hepatitis.
179
Wilson's disease
Copper is Hella BAD. C: dec Cerulopasmin, Cirrhosis, Corneal deposits, Copper accumulation, Carcinoma (hepatocellular). H: Hemolytic anemia. B: Basal ganglia degeneration (parkinsonian symptoms). A: Asterixis. D: Dementia, Dyskinesia, Dysarthria.
180
hemochromatosis
Hemochromatisis Can Cause Deposits: Cirrhosis, CHF, Diabetes mellitus. (also skin pigmentation)
181
gallstone risk factors
4 Fs: Female, Fat, Forty, Fertile (pregnant)
182
acute pancreatitis risk factors
GET SMASHED. Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune disease, Scorpion sting, Hypercalcemia/Hypertriglyceridemia, Ercp, Drugs.
183
H2 blockers
take H2 blockers before you DINE. -tiDINE.
184
aluminum hydroxide
antacid. aluMINUMUM amount of feces.
185
magnesium hydroxide
antacid. Mg: Must Go to bathroom.
186
WBC differentiation
Neutrophils Like Making Everything Better. in order of most to least, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils.
187
causes of eosinophilia
NAACP: Neoplastic, Asthma, Allergic processes, Collagen vascular diseases, Parasites.
188
target cell causes
HALT the hunter said to the target: HbC disease, Asplenia, Liver disease, Thalassemia.
189
lead poisoning symptoms
LEAD: Lead Lines on gingivae and epiphysis of long bones, Encephalopathy and Erythrocyte basophilic strippling, Abdominal colic and sideroblastic Anemia, Drops (wrist and foot) Dimercaprol and eDta are 1st line of treatment. Succimer for kids (SUCks for kids who eat lead).
190
cold vs. warm agglutinins
Warm weather is GGGreat. Cold ice cream... MMM...
191
causes of DIC
STOP Making New Thrombi: Sepsis (gram neg), Trauma, Obstetric complications, acute Pancreatitis, Malignancy, Nephrotic syndrome, Transfusion.
192
multiple myeloma symptoms
M-CRAB: hyperCalcemia, Renal insufficiency, Anemia, Bone lytic lesions/Back pain. Multiple Myeloma: Monoclonal M protein spike.
193
philadelphia chromosome
CML, Philadelphia CreaML cheese.
194
warfarin effects
EX-PresidenT went to WAR. Extrinsic pathway, PT time prolonged.
195
Dactinomycin
ACTinomycin D: for children who ACT out. used for childhood tumors.
196
paclitaxel
TAXing to stay polymerized, hyperstabilized polymerized microtubules so can't break down mitotic spindle. for ovarian/breast cancers.
197
vinblastine
vinBLASTine BLASTs Bone marrow (suppression).
