First Aid Rapid Review Classic Presentations Flashcards
Abdominal pain, Ascites, Hepatomegaly
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
Achilles tendon xanthoma
Familial hypercholesterolimia (decrease LDL receptor signaling)
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypOtension, DIC
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (menigococcemia)
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
Marfan’s Syndrome (fibrillin defect)
Athlete with polycythemia
Secondary to EPO injection
Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
Pott’s Disease (vertebral Tb)
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
Blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta (Type 1 collagen defect)
Bluish line on gingiva
Burtons line = lead poisoning
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
Paget’s Disease of the Bone (increase osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
Bounding Pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
Aortic regurgitation
Butterfly rash and Raynauds phenomenon in young female
SLE
Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (+pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
McCune Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
Calf pseudohypertrophy
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchennes): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
“Cherry-red spot” on macula
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) OR
Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation); central retinal artery occlusion
Chest pain on exertion
Angina (Stable: with moderate exercise; unstable: with minimal exertion)
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
Dressler’s Syndrome (AI-mediated post-MI fibrinouse pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
Child uses arms to stand up from a squat
Gower’s Sign = they prob have Duchenne’s MD
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body
“Slapped Cheeks”= erythema infectiosum/fifth disease = Parvovirus B19
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
Huntingtons Disease (AD CAG repeat expansion)
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
McArdles Disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
Cold Intolerance
Hypothyroidism
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral=MS, unilateral = stoke)
Continuous “machinery” heart murmur
Patent ductus arteriosus (close with indomethacin, keep open with misoprostol)
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves’ disease=pretibial)
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
Kaposi’s sarcoma (usually AIDS patients, associated with HHV-8)
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Pellagra (niacin [B3] deficiency)
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
Wet Beriberi (thiamine [B1] deficiency)
Dog or cat bite resulting in Infection
Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Sjorgens syndrome (AI destruction of exocrine glands)
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma)
Elastic Skin, hypermobility of joints
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (Type III collagen defect)
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow’s node (abdominal metastasis)
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Sezary Syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) OR Mycosis fungoides
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek’s sign (hypocalcemia)
Fat, Female, Forty, Fertile
gall stones
Fever, Chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
Measles
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronie’s disease (connective tissue disorder)
Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation in Wilson’s)
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction, increase cancer risk)
Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
Gaucher’s disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Alport syndrome (mutation in alpha chain of collagen IV)