First Aid Rapid Review Key Associations Flashcards
(182 cards)
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing’s ulcer (increase ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with sever burns
A
Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)
5
Q
Anuerysm, dissecting
A
Hypertension
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch
A
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
11
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
Strep pneumoniae
11
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group B strep (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
11
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus (most common in first 2 decades)
11
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor)
11
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial: Metastasis> Astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>schwannoma
11
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial: Metastasis> Astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>schwannoma
12
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
12
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
13
Q
Breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
13
Q
Breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
14
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
14
Breast mass
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
15
Breast tumor (benign)
Fibroadenoma
15
Breast tumor (benign)
Fibroadenoma
16
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
16
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
17
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
17
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
18
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, "ball and valve")
18
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, "ball and valve")
19
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
19
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
20
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
20
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
21
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
21
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
22
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
22
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
23
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal women; type 2: elderly man or woman)
23
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal women; type 2: elderly man or woman)
24
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
24
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
25
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
25
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
26
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
26
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
27
Constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world); SLE (developed world)
27
Constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world); SLE (developed world)
28
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
28
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
29
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
29
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
30
Cushing's Syndrome
- Iatrogenic Cushing's (from corticosteroid therapy)
- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
- Paraneoplastic Cushing's (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
30
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
30
Cyanosis (lare; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
30
Death in CML
Blast crisis
30
Death in CML
Blast crisis
31
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
31
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
32
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease, multiple infarcts
32
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease, multiple infarcts
33
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
33
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
34
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
34
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
35
Dietary deficit
Iron
35
Dietary deficit
Iron
36
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
36
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
37
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
37
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
38
Eophageal cancer
Squamous cell carinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
38
Eophageal cancer
Squamous cell carinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
39
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
39
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
40
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
40
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
41
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
41
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
42
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
42
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
43
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
43
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
44
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
44
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
45
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
45
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
46
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
46
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
47
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
47
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
48
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hep B and C and with alcoholism)
48
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hep B and C and with alcoholism)
49
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand's disease
49
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand's disease
50
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
50
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
51
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spndylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis
51
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spndylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis
52
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
52
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
53
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
53
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
54
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
54
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
55
Hypertension (secondary)
Renal disesae
55
Hypertension (secondary)
Renal disesae
56
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
56
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
57
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
58
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hep C
59
Infections in chronic granuomatous disease
Staph aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)
60
Kidney stones
- Calcium = radiopaque
- Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms like Proteus vulgaris or Staph)
- Uric acid = radiolucent
61
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
62
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
63
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher's disease
64
Male cancer
prostate carcinoma
65
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin's lymphoma
66
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
67
Mental retardation
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
68
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes
69
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > Genitourinary > Osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI
70
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
71
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females; inherited through females only
72
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
73
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
74
Myocarditis
Cocksackie B
75
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
76
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
77
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
78
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
79
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
80
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
81
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneomonia
82
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
83
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
84
Osteomyelitis in IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
85
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signer-ring cells)
86
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
87
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
88
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
89
Pancreatitis (Chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
90
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child
CLL: adult >60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 30-60
91
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
92
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (brc-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
93
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
94
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO
151
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
152
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
153
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
154
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hep, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a1-antitrypsin deficiency)
155
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
156
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
157
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
158
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
159
S3 (prediastolic gallop)
Increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure [CHF])
160
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
161
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
162
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
163
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
164
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
165
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
166
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
167
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
168
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
169
t(8;14)
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
170
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
171
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
172
Testicular tumor
Seminoma
173
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
174
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
175
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
176
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adult)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
177
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (child)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
178
Type of Hodgkin's
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
179
Type of non-Hodgkin's
Diffuse large cell
180
UTI
E.coli, Staph saprophyticus (young women)
181
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
182
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
